Telangana State is India's 29the State formed on June 2, 2014.
The name "Telangana" refers to the word Trilinga Desa, earned due to the presence of three ancient Shiva Temples at Kaleshwaram, Srisailam, and Draksharamam. A more historical reasoning is that during the reign of Nizams, the region was known as Telugu Angana to differentiate it from the areas where Marathi was spoken.
Ancient Telangana
3,00,000 BC - 50,000 BC : Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
25,000 BC - 5000 BC : Neolithic (New Stone Age)
700 BC - 300 BC : Janapadas
Sahara / Sebaka Kingdom
Andhakarattam
Around Karimnagar and Warangal regionsSahara / Sebaka Kingdom
Capital : Dhulikatta (Karimnagar)
Mahismati Kingdom
Mahismati Kingdom
Around Nalgonda and Mahabubnagar regions
Asmaka (One of the 16 Mahajanapadas)
Asmaka (One of the 16 Mahajanapadas)
Founder : Unknown (Believed to be Asmaka)
Capitals : Potana or Potali or Paudanya of Mahabharata or Bodhan.
Languages : Prakrit
Religion : Budhism, Jainism, Hinduism
Nanda Dynasty : Asmaka was annexed into Magadha by Mahapadma Nanda (345 - 329) and recieved the title of "Destroyer of Kshatriyas" when he founded the Nanda Dynasty.
302 BC - 298 BC : Megasthenes (Greek ethnographer and explorer) Visited India around 300 BC as an Ambassador of Seleucus I of Syria to Pataliputra capital of Mauryan Empire, wrote that a powerful race called Andarae controlling countless villages and 30 well-built fortified towns. Much gold is found in their country.
300 BC : Bindusura (298 BC – 272 BC) son of Chandragupta (320 - 298) of Mauryan Empire conquered territory in vast deccan plateau of peninsular India (the modern states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh)
Founder : Chandragupta Maurya (320 BC - 298 BC)
Capital : Pataliputra
Languages : Prakrit
Religion : Budhism, Jainism, Brahmanism
Came to power by overthrowing the Nanda Dynasty in 322 BC.
Capital : Pataliputra
Languages : Prakrit
Religion : Budhism, Jainism, Brahmanism
Came to power by overthrowing the Nanda Dynasty in 322 BC.
Maharathi Dynasty
Ruled regions of Khammam, Nalgonda and Mahabunagar
Founder : Simuka
Capitals : Kotilingala, Amaravati, Paithan.
Languages : Prakrit, Sanskrit, Telugu
Religion : Budhism, Jainism, Hinduism
Vassals of Satavahanas
Chutus of Banavasi in North Karnataka
Abhiras in the western part of the kingdom
Ikshvakus
Pallavas of Kanchipuram
Abhiras in the western part of the kingdom
Ikshvakus
Pallavas of Kanchipuram
c.220 AD - c.270 AD : Ikshvakus (220 AD - 337 AD)
Founder : Vashishthiputra Sri Santamula (Santamula I) : 220 - 233
Capitals : Vijayapuri (Nagarjunakonda).
Language : TeluguReligion : Hinduism, Budhism
c.250 AD - c.340 AD : Abhiras / Abheeras
Founder : Isvarasena
Language : Sanskrit
Religion : Hinduism (Saivism)
Abhiras were subordinate rulers of Western Satraps and declared independence after fall of Satavahanas.
Vakatakas may have put an end to Abhiras c.340 AD in Telangana.
Founder : Isvarasena
Language : Sanskrit
Religion : Hinduism (Saivism)
Abhiras were subordinate rulers of Western Satraps and declared independence after fall of Satavahanas.
Vakatakas may have put an end to Abhiras c.340 AD in Telangana.
c.250 AD - c.500 AD : Vakataka Dynasty
Founder : Vindhyashakti (250 AD - 270 AD)
Capitals : Vatsagulma, the present day Washim in Maharashtra.
Languages : Maharashtri Prakrit, Sanskrit
Religion : Budhism, Hinduism
A princess of the then powerful ruling family of the Deccan the Vakatakas was given in marriage to Madhav Varma's son, Vikramendra Varma (508 - 528).
Vishnukundins might have put an end to Vakataka rule in remaining parts of Telangana State.
c.380 AD - c.624 AD : Vishnukundins
Founder : Indravarma/Maharajendrvarma (380 AD - 394 AD)
Capitals : Amrabad in Mahaboonagar and extended it to Bhuvanagiri, Ramannapeta in Nalgonda and Keesaragutta in Rangareddy. Built Indrapala in Nalgonda. Eluru, Amaravati in Andhra PradeshLanguages : Telugu, Sanskrit
Religion : Hinduism (Vaisnavism)
It is likely that the Chalukya Pulikesin II (610– 642 AD) defeated Madhav Varma IV in 617 - 18 AD. It is believed that Madhava's son Manchana Bhattaraka might have been expelled by the Chalukyas by the end of 624 AD.
c.450 AD - c.612 AD : Durjaya Dynasty
Founder : Rana Durjaya
Founder : Rana Durjaya
Durjaya dynasty, was a descendant of Karikala, the great Chola monarch who started as vassals to Vishnukundins.
It is likely that Maharaja Ranadurjaya, the first ruler of this SriramakaSyapa family , was a contemporary of Vishnukundin Madhavavarman II (456-503 A.D.) and his subordinate for some time.
Prithvi Maharaja ruled over a vast kingdom extending from Jajpur (Vaitarani) to the river Godavari in the south.
This King defeated Vishnukundin king Vikramendra Varma II (555-569) and declared independence.
c.612 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas (543 AD - 753 AD)
Founder : Pulakeshin I
Capitals : Badami
Languages : Kannada, Sanskrit
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism
Pulakeshin II occupied Telangana in 612 AD.
753 AD : Yudhamalla I of Vemulawada Chalukyas and Rashtrakuta Dantudurga planned and carried out the overthrow of Kirtivarman II, the last Chalukya ruler of Badami.
753 AD - 973 AD : Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Languages : Kannada, Sanskrit
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism
Founder : Dantidurga
Capitals : ManyakhetaLanguages : Kannada, Sanskrit
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism
c.750 AD to 973 AD : Vemulavada Chalukyas (vassals to Rashtrakuta Dynasty) ruled Karimnagar and Nizamabad.
c.895 AD to 973 AD: Kakatiyas ruled as vassals to Rashrakuta ruled with kakatipura in warangal as capital. Also ruled koravi or kurravadi in warangal district.
815 AD - 1200 AD : Mudigonda Chalukyas, ruled as vassals to Vengi Chalukyas and later Kakatiyas, most of modern-day Khammam district.
973 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyas (973 AD - 1189 AD)
Founder : Tailapa II
Capitals : Manyakheta, Kalyani (Basavakalyan in Bidar , Karnataka)
Languages : Kannada, Sanskrit
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism
1075 AD - 1165 AD : The Polavasa chiefs (Descendents of Rashtrakuta Dynasty) were subordinates of the Western Chalukyas ruling parts of Karimnagar and Warangal, but revolted against their overlords. However, they were eventually subdued by Chalukya King Jagadekamalla II, with the support of Kakatiya King Beta II (1076 - 1108) for which he was awarded Sabbi-1000 region (modern-day Karimnagar district).
1080 AD - 1260 AD : Kanduru Cholas
Ruled parts of Mahabubnagar (Jadcharla and Acchampet taluks) and Nalgonda (Nalgonda and Miryalguda taluks) districts with Kanduru Panugallu and Vardhamanpura as their capitals.
1104 AD - 1108 AD : Paramara Jagaddeva youngest son of Udayaditya of Paramara Dynasty. Jagaddeva worked under the Western Chalukyas as the governor of Kollipaka-7000 province in present Adilabad district.
1136 AD : Prolla II (1116 - 1158) of Kaktiya is responsible for subduing the Telugu Cholas of Kandur who defeated King Govinda and gave his kingdom to Udayaditya.
1137 AD : Defeated Kumara Tailapa.
Ruled parts of Mahabubnagar (Jadcharla and Acchampet taluks) and Nalgonda (Nalgonda and Miryalguda taluks) districts with Kanduru Panugallu and Vardhamanpura as their capitals.
1104 AD - 1108 AD : Paramara Jagaddeva youngest son of Udayaditya of Paramara Dynasty. Jagaddeva worked under the Western Chalukyas as the governor of Kollipaka-7000 province in present Adilabad district.
1137 AD : Defeated Kumara Tailapa.
1149 AD : The last known Kakatiya epigraph as subordinates is Sanigaram inscription.
Tailapa-III or Kuamara Tailapa was defeated by Kakatiya Prola II around 1149 AD and asserts his independence over Western Chalukyas.
Tailapa-III or Kuamara Tailapa was defeated by Kakatiya Prola II around 1149 AD and asserts his independence over Western Chalukyas.
Medieval Telanagana
c.895 AD / 1150 AD - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty
Founder : Venna
Capitals : Hanamkonda, Warangal
Languages : Telugu
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism (Saivism)
Kaktiya Erra (895 - 940 AD) is given the land of Kurravadi in Warangal, in repayment for the services of his father Gunda III (870 - 895 AD) by Rashtrakuta king Krishna II (878-914)
An ambitious sovereign king, Rudradeva (1158 - 1195) extends the boundaries of his kingdom: in the north (taking in modern day Karimnagar, and East Godavari); in the south (where he turns his attention to the Kandur Telugu Chola kings Bhima and Udaya Choda in Nalagonda and Mahboobnagar, sacking their cities, Vardhamana and Kandur); and in the east (the Chalukya Chola regions of king Rajaraja III).
Feudatories of Kakatiyas
Recherla Chiefs - Elkurti Branch
Ruled areas in Warangal, Nalgonda, Rangareddy.
Recherla Rudra
Recherla Chiefs - Pillalamarri Branch
Ruled areas in Nalgonda.
Recherla Nama & Beta
Viriyala Chiefs
Ruled areas in Khammam.
Natavadi Chiefs
Ruled areas in Khammam, Nalgonda and Warangal.
Ruled areas in Karimnagar, Mahabubnagar and Warangal.
Cheraku Chiefs
Ruled areas in Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda.
Kayastha Chiefs
Ruled areas in Nalgonda.
Gona Chiefs
Ruled areas in Nalgonda.
Ruled Vardhamanapuram. Gona Budhareddy and Gona Gannareddy are the great kings who helped Kakatiya Kings. The main centres of this Kingdom are Vardhamanpuram (Vaddemin of Bijinapally Mandal) and Budapuram (Bhoothpur).
Vavilala
Ruled areas in Mahabubnagar
Ruled Amanagallu, Charikonda, Irvin and Vangur (Mahabubnagar).
Rudraya Reddy was the great king of this dynasty.
Yadava Dynasty
During the period of Kakati Mahadeva who defeated by Yadava Kings, this area was under the rule of Yadava of Devagiri. "Sthanumantri" the Dandanayaka of Yadava King Ramachandradeva laid the inscription at Shiva Temple of Magatala (Makthal) about the rule of Yadavas in this area.
1220 AD - 1750 AD : Gonds of Adilabad
Capital : Sirpur
Founder : Kolkhil
Royal Symbol : Lion
Kolkhil ( 1220 AD - 1240 AD)
Contemporary of Kakatiya Ganapatideva.
Neelkanth Shah was the last ruler of Gondwana Kingdom. He was captured as a prisoner by Raghoji Bhonsley who merged the Gondwana kingdom into Maratha kingdom. Maratha kingdom was defeated by British rulers and was given to Nizams. Thus the Gondwana Kingdom became part of Nizam state.
1310 : Malik Kafur general of Delhi Sultanate Alauddin Khilji defeated Prataprudra II and was forced to pay annual tribute to Delhi. It was probably at this time that the Koh-i-Noor diamond passed from Kakatiya ownership to that of Alauddin, along with 20,000 horses and 100 elephants.
Ruled areas in Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda.
Kayastha Chiefs
Ruled areas in Nalgonda.
Gona Chiefs
Ruled areas in Nalgonda.
Ruled Vardhamanapuram. Gona Budhareddy and Gona Gannareddy are the great kings who helped Kakatiya Kings. The main centres of this Kingdom are Vardhamanpuram (Vaddemin of Bijinapally Mandal) and Budapuram (Bhoothpur).
Vavilala
Ruled areas in Mahabubnagar
Ruled Amanagallu, Charikonda, Irvin and Vangur (Mahabubnagar).
Rudraya Reddy was the great king of this dynasty.
Yadava Dynasty
During the period of Kakati Mahadeva who defeated by Yadava Kings, this area was under the rule of Yadava of Devagiri. "Sthanumantri" the Dandanayaka of Yadava King Ramachandradeva laid the inscription at Shiva Temple of Magatala (Makthal) about the rule of Yadavas in this area.
1220 AD - 1750 AD : Gonds of Adilabad
Capital : Sirpur
Founder : Kolkhil
Royal Symbol : Lion
Kolkhil ( 1220 AD - 1240 AD)
Contemporary of Kakatiya Ganapatideva.
Neelkanth Shah was the last ruler of Gondwana Kingdom. He was captured as a prisoner by Raghoji Bhonsley who merged the Gondwana kingdom into Maratha kingdom. Maratha kingdom was defeated by British rulers and was given to Nizams. Thus the Gondwana Kingdom became part of Nizam state.
1310 : Malik Kafur general of Delhi Sultanate Alauddin Khilji defeated Prataprudra II and was forced to pay annual tribute to Delhi. It was probably at this time that the Koh-i-Noor diamond passed from Kakatiya ownership to that of Alauddin, along with 20,000 horses and 100 elephants.
In 1318, Prataparudra II, the Kakatiya ruler, defied his masters in Delhi by refusing to send the annual tribute expected of him.Prataparudra II declared independance after Qutb-ud-din the laster ruler of Khilji Dynasty was murdered by Khusro Khan in 1320.
1323 : Ulug Khan son of Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq captured Warangal from Parataparudra II.
1323 AD - 1336 AD : Tughlaq Dynasty
- Musunuri Nayakas : In 1336 Kapaya Nayaka took control of Warangal from Malik Maqbul.
- 1350 : Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress.
Founder : Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
Capital : Daulatabad, Gulbarga
- Recherla chiefs of Rachakonda and Devarakonda served as vassals of Bahmanis after Musunuri Kapaaneedu was killed. Their descendents acquired Zamindaris (Samsthanams) in Mahboobnagar, Kurnool and Raichur Districts.
- 1463 : Sultan Mohammad Shah Bahmani dispatched Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk to the Telangana region to quell disturbances. Sultan Quli quelled the disturbance and was rewarded as the administrator of the region.
- 1518 : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk declared Independence
Capitals: Rachakonda and Devarakonda
Founder : Singama nayaka-I
1434 AD - 1518 AD : Orissa Gajapathis
Prataparudra Gajapati reclaimed the regions taken away by Bahamani Sultans. Shitab Khan who helped him in this endeavour was appointed as his Subordinate ruler of Khammam and Orugallu regions.
1503 AD - 1518 AD: Sitapati Raju (known as Shitab Khan) ruled from Rachakonda(Nalgonda), Warangal and Khammam forts.
1515 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty) - Krishna Deva Raya Rule (1509 AD – 1529 AD) occupied forts of Anantagiri, Urlugonda, Chityal, Arvapalli and Nalgonda, which had been under the rule of Prataparudra Gajapati, also defeated Shitabh Khan and occupied Warangal and Khammam regions.
Prataparudra Gajapati gave his daughter Takkadevi in marriage to Krishnadevaraya and was given above regions, which means the Telangana region was not under Vijayanagara Kingdom for long.
1518 AD – 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate
- In 1636, Shah Jahan forced the Qutb Shahis to recognize Mughal suzerainty, which lasted until 1687 when the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered the Golcondan sultanate.
- 1713 : Mir Qamaruddin Siddiqi was appointed governor by the Mughals.
- 1724 : Mir Qamaruddin Siddiqi was granted the control of Hyderabad by the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah after defeating the rival from Maratha Empire.
Modern Telangana
1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
- 1798 : Hyderabad became the first Indian royal state to accede to British protection under the policy of Subsidiary Alliance instituted by Arthur Wellesley.
- 1946 - 1951 : Telangana Rebellion
- Aug 15, 1947 : Indian Independence from British. Osman Ali Khan ASAF Jahi VII chose to remain independent.
- Sep 17, 1948 : Operation Polo, was a military operation ordered by then Indian Home Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on Sep 13 1948 in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its Nizam on Sep 17 1948, integrating Hyderabad in to India.
Sep 17, 1948 - Oct 31, 1956 : Hyderabad State, India.
- Sep 17 1948 - Dec 31 1949 : Major General J. N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor.
- 26 January 1950 - 31 October 1956 : Last Nizam, Osman Ali Khan ASAF Jahi VII as Rajpramukh. Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India which existed from India's independence in 1947 until 1956. Rajpramukhs were the appointed governors of certain of India's provinces and states.
- 26 Jan, 1950 - 6 March, 1952 : M. K. Vellodi was Chief Minister of the state appointed by Government of India.
- 6 March, 1952 - 31 October 1956 : In the 1952 Legislative Assembly election, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State.
Nov 1, 1956 - June 1, 2014 : Andhra Pradesh State, India
In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission was appointed to recommend the reorganisation of state boundaries. The panel was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana with Andhra state, despite their common language. With the intervention of the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Telangana and Andhra states were merged on November 1, 1956. Nehru termed the merger a "matrimonial alliance having provisions for divorce".
In December 1953, the States Reorganisation Commission was appointed to recommend the reorganisation of state boundaries. The panel was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana with Andhra state, despite their common language. With the intervention of the then Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, Telangana and Andhra states were merged on November 1, 1956. Nehru termed the merger a "matrimonial alliance having provisions for divorce".
2 June, 2014 : Telangana became 29 state of India.
On June 2, 2104, K Chandrasekhar Rao takes oath as the first chief minister of Telangana, India's 29th state.References:
The History of India By John McLeod
india as directed by megasthenes
Historical sketches of ancient Dekhan, by K. V. Subrahmanya Aiyer.
A history of the Deccan. By J. D. B. Gribble
Social and Cultural Life in Medieval Andhra
http://www.telangana.gov.in/about/history
http://historum.com/blogs/civfanatic/5408-kakatiyas-telangana-part-i-early-chiefs-956-1116.html
http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaKakatiyas.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3XpacKY9uI
http://historum.com/blogs/civfanatic/5409-kakatiyas-part-ii-rise-local-dominance-1116-1199.html
wikepedia.org
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/coins-boost-telugus-ancient-status/article1905384.ece
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