Telangana Kendriya Vidyalayas

The Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan or 'Central School Organisation'(as previously known), oversees the functioning of the schools with its headquarters in New Delhi. The administration of this body is based on three levels. The chairman of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan is always the Minister in Charge of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India; the deputy chairman is the Minister of State of the Ministry of Education. The real working power lies with the Commissioner of KVS.

The foundation of KVS was laid on December 15, 1963, with the establishment of the first Kendriya Vidyalaya in Delhi. It is a non-profit organisation. Its schools are all affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). Its objective is to educate children of the Indian Defence Services personnel who are often posted to remote locations. With the army starting its own Army Public Schools, the service was extended but not restricted to all central government employees.

KVS is one of the world's largest school chains, with 1,249 schools in India and three abroad.

The motto of the KVS is to lead one from darkness to light. This is our guideline. We believe that education leads to self realization.

Vision : KVS believes in imparting knowledge/values and nurturing the talent, enthusiasm and creativity of its students for seeking excellence through high-quality educational endeavours.


AdmissionAdmissions in Kendriya Vidyalayas are not restricted to Central Govt. employees and are open to all, only certain priorities have been laid down for different categories to regulate the admissions.
40 students per class per section is the approved strength in KVS.
10 seats (out of 40 seats) in class I per section are to be filled as per RTE provisions(25% seats) and these seats will be filled by draw of lots from all applications of SC/ST/EWS/BPL/OBC who are the resident of Neighborhood/ Differently able taken together.
03 % (Three) horizontally reservation is given to handicapped candidates for admission in KVS.
Grasde 1 : A child must be 6 years old as on 31st March in the academic year in which admission is sought for Class 1. (Child born on 1st April should also be considered)
For Grades 2 to 9 :- The age limit for admission to these classes is based on the age of the child as of March 31 of the year of admission. The minimum age for this category is 6 years and the maximum age is 15 years.
For Class 11 :- The eligibility age for admission to Class 11 is based on the age of the child as on 31st March in the year of admission. The age limit for Class 11 is 15 years and the minimum age is 17 years.
The following priorities shall be followed in granting admissions
Kendriya Vidyalayas Under Civil/defence Sector
Children of transferable and non-transferable Central government employees and children of ex-servicemen. This will also include children of Foreign National officials who come on deputation or transfer to India on invitation by Govt. of India.
Children of transferable and non-transferable employees of Autonomous Bodies/Public Sector Undertaking/Institute of Higher Learning of the Government of India.
Children of transferable and non-transferable State Government employees.
Children of transferable and non-transferable employees of Autonomous Bodies/Public Sector Undertakings/Institute of Higher Learning of the State Governments.
Children from any other category including the children of Foreign Nationals who are located in India due to their work or for any personal reasons. The children of Foreign National would be considered only in case there are no Children of Indian Nationals wait-listed for admission.
Note (1-5): Preference in Admission to wards will be based on the number of transfers of the parents in the last 7 years.KENDRIYA VIDYALAYAS UNDER PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKINGS/INSTITUTES OF HIGHER LEARNING SECTOR:
Children and grandchildren of employees of the Project Sector/Institutes of Higher Learning which are the sponsors of the Vidyalaya , Children of Project employees & Post Graduate students who are working on long term research projects, Children of regular Council of Wardens(COW) employees and children and grandchildren of retired employees.
Note (1): Preference in Admission will be given to children of serving employees, grand children of serving employees and children and grandchildren of retired employees in that order.Children of transferable and non-transferable Central government employees and children of ex-servicemen. This will also include children of Foreign National officials who come on deputation or transfer to India on invitation by Govt. of India.
Children of transferable and non-transferable employees of Autonomous Bodies/Public Sector Undertaking/Institute of Higher Learning of the Government of India.
Children of transferable and non-transferable State Government employees.
Children of transferable and non-transferable employees of Autonomous Bodies/Public Sector Undertakings/Institute of Higher Learning of the State Governments.
Children from any other category including the children of Foreign Nationals who are located in India due to their work or for any personal reasons. The children of Foreign National would be considered only in case there are no Children of Indian Nationals wait-listed for admission.
Steps for School AdmissionFill in the KV admission form on the KV official website, kvsangathan.nic.in or kvsonlineadmission.kvs.gov.in.
Check the KVS admission list.
Submit documents to respective KVs (if selected).
Pay the fees and start studying.
Fee Structure
Admission Fee 25.00
Re Admission Fee 100.00
Tuition Fee (per month) Class IX & X (Boy) 200.00
Class XI & XII Commerce & Humanities(Boy) 300.00
Class XI & XII Science (Boy) 400.00
Computer Fund Class III on wards 100.00
Computer Science Fee.(for elective subjects in class XI & XII) 150.00
VidyalayaVikasNidhi from classes I – XII (per month) 500.00



ID

School Name

Email Address

Email Address

Phone No

Website


1

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GHATKESAR NUCLEAR FUEL COMPLEX.

K V NFC NAGAR GHATKESAR, DISTT MEDCHAL, TELANGANA-501301

ppl.ghatkesarnfc@kvs.gov.in

8281976805,

https://ghatkesarnfc.kvs.ac.in


2

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBAWLI

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA GACHIBOWLI,GPRA CAMPUS ,GACHIBOWLI -500032

ppl.gachibowli@kvs.gov.in

040-23000261,

https://gachibawli.kvs.ac.in


3

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA (AFS) BEGUMPET

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, AFS, BEGUMPET, NEW BOWENPALLY POST, BALANAGAR ROAD,HYDERABAD-500 011, TELANGANA STATE.

ppl.begumpetafs@kvs.gov.in

04027751560,

https://begumpetafs.kvs.ac.in


4

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA CRPF GC BARKAS

KV CRPF BARKAS HYDERABAD,OPP.CRPF CAMPUS ,SRISAILAM ROAD ,KESHOGIRI ROAD.

ppl.hyderabadcrpf@kvs.gov.in

040-24440338,

https://hyderabadcrpf.kvs.ac.in


5

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA (AFA) NO.I DUNDIGAL

KV, NO.1, AIR FORCE ACADEMY, DUNDIGAL, HYDERABAD-500043

ppl.dundigalno1@kvs.gov.in

04029809715,

https://no1dundigal.kvs.ac.in


6

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA No II DUNDIGAL

AIR FORCE ACADEMY, DUNDIGAL, HYDERABAD - 500043.

ppl.dundigalno2@kvs.gov.in

08418-254229,

https://no2dundigal.kvs.ac.in


7

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA No I GOLCONDA

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, NO.1 GOLCONDA, LANGER HOUSE, HYDERABAD - 500 008

ppl.golcondano1@kvs.gov.in

040-23513701,

https://no1golconda.kvs.ac.in


8

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.II GOLCONDA

KV NO.2 GOLCONDA, NANAL NAGAR X ROAD, MEHDIPATNAM, HYDERABAD. 500008

ppl.golcondano2@kvs.gov.in

040-23566628, 040-23566016,

https://no2golconda.kvs.ac.in


9

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA (DRDO)KANCHAN BAGH

KV KANCHANBAGH, DRDO TOWNSHIP,NEAR MIDHANI DEPOT, HYDERABAD-500058

ppl.drdokanchanbagh@kvs.gov.in

04024340232,

https://drdokanchanbagh.kvs.ac.in


10

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA (NPA) SVP

KV SVP NPA SHIVARAMPALLY HYDERABAD 500052

ppl.hyderabadnpasvp@kvs.gov.in

04024015535,9989440924,

https://npasvp.kvs.ac.in


11

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA (SOI) NO.I UPPAL

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO.1 UPPAL NEAR UPPAL CROSS ROADS HYDERABAD 500039

ppl.uppalno1@kvs.gov.in

040-27200314,

https://no1uppal.kvs.ac.in


12

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA UPPAL NO.II(SOI)

"KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, NO. 2 SURVEY OF INDIA, UPPAL.P.O HYDERABAD, RANGAREDDY (DIST), TELANGANA PIN 500 039"

ppl.uppalno2@kvs.gov.in

040-27200027,

https://no2uppal.kvs.ac.in


13

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SECUNDERABAD. BOLARUM

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, ALLENBY LINES, J J NAGAR P.O. BOLARUM SECUNDERABAD 500087

ppl.bolarum@kvs.gov.in

040-29803596,

https://bolarum.kvs.ac.in


14

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SECUNDERABAD. BOWENPALLY

PRINCIPAL, KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, PENSION LINE, BOWENPALLY, SECUNDERABAD-500 011.

ppl.bowenpally@kvs.gov.in

040-29550076, 040-29550042,

https://bowenpally.kvs.ac.in


15

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA(AFS) HAKIMPET SECUNDERABAD

AIR FORCE STATION HAKIMPET,SECUNDERABAD-500014 TELANGANA STATE

ppl.fshakimpet@kvs.gov.in

040-27870770,040-29803597,

https://hakimpet.kvs.ac.in


16

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PICKET SECUNDERABAD

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA PICKET, OPP SECUNDERABAD CLUB, PICKET, SECUNDERABAD

ppl.picket@kvs.gov.in

040 -29804096,

https://picket.kvs.ac.in


17

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA TRIMULGHERY SECUNDERABAD

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA TRIMULGHERY, TRIMULGHERRY, SECUNDERABAD- 500015

ppl.trimulghery@kvs.gov.in

040-29805230,

https://trimulghery.kvs.ac.in


18

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA (OF) MEDAK

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA O F MEDAK EDDUMAILARAM ORDNANCE FACTORY SANGAREDDY DISTRICT TELANGANA PIN CODE:502205

ppl.medakof@kvs.gov.in

08455238255,

https://medakof.kvs.ac.in


19

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA (NTPC) RAMAGUNDAM

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA , PTS NTPC JYOTHINAGAR RAMAGUNDAM, DISTT- PEDDAPALLI, TELANGANA-505215

ppl.ramagundamno2@kvs.gov.in

08728295765,

https://ramagundamntpc.kvs.ac.in


20

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA ADILABAD

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, NIRMITHI KENDRA, OLD D.M, HOUSE, ADILABAD- 504001.

ppl.adilabad@kvs.gov.in

08732-297010,

https://adilabad.kvs.ac.in


21

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA KHAMMAM

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, POLEPALLI VILLAGE, OPPOSITE KARUNAGIRI CHURCH, KHAMMAM, PIN-507003.

ppl.khammam@kvs.gov.in

08742-298088,

https://khammam.kvs.ac.in


22

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA WARANGAL

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA WARANGAL, NEAR RAJIV GRUHA KALPA, KADIPIKONDA, WARANGAL. PIN: 506003

ppl.warrangal@kvs.gov.in

7382986432,

https://warangal.kvs.ac.in


23

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MAHABUBNAGAR

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MAHABUBNAGAR, YENUGONDA, NEAR CHAITANYA CENTRAL SCHOOL,MAHABUBNAGAR 50901

ppl.mahabubnagar@kvs.gov.in

9652807273,

https://mahabubnagar.kvs.ac.in


24

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA KARIM NAGAR

OPP: ENAADU OFFICE, LMD ALUGUNOOR, KARIMNAGAR 505527

ppl.karimnagar@kvs.gov.in

0878-2223031,

https://karimnagar.kvs.ac.in


25

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA HYDERABAD (CU)

Kendriya Vidyalaya University of Hyderabad Campus ,Gachibowli, Hyderabad, Telangana- 500046

ppl.hyderabadcu@kvs.gov.in

04023012200,23012244,

https://hyderabadcu.kvs.ac.in/


26

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MAHABUBABAD

KV MAHABUBABAD, SC GIRLS B HOSTEL, NANDAMURI NAGAR COLONY, MAHABUBABAD - 506101

ppl.mahbubabad@kvs.gov.in

08719241999,

https://mahabubabad.kvs.ac.in


27

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SIRCILLA

"C/O MPP PUBLIC SCHOOL SUBHASH NAGAR SIRCILLA TELANGANA 505301"

ppl.siricila@kvs.gov.in

8723297244,

https://sircilla.kvs.ac.in


28

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA BODHAN TOWN

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA BODHAN C/O MADHUMALANCHA DEGREE COLLEGE VILLAGE BELLAL SHAKKAR NAGAR POST MANDAL BODHAN DISTRICT NIZAMABAD STATE TELANGANA PIN CODE 503180

ppl.bodhantown@kvs.gov.in

8462295143,9485099995,9100825672,

https://bodhantown.kvs.ac.in


29

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA JHARASANGAM MEDAK

"KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA JHARASANGAM, MANDAL PARISHAD PRIMARY SCHOOL BUILDING, BESIDE PANCHAYAT OFFICE, SANGAREDDY DISTRICT, STATE TELANGANA PIN: 502246"

ppl.jharasangam@kvs.gov.in

08451-288301,

https://jharasangam.kvs.ac.in


30

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MANCHERIAL

BELLAMAPALLY CHOWRASTHA,VILLAGE & MANDAL :MANCHERIAL DIST:MANCHERIAL-504208

ppl.mancherial@kvs.gov.in

08736-252585,

https://mancherial.kvs.ac.in


31

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA BHONGIR

KV BHONGIR C/O ALN REDDY MEMORIAL GOVT. GIRLS JR. COLLEGE BANJARA HILLS BHONGIR TELANGANA 508116

ppl.bhongir@kvs.gov.in

08685-244400,

https://bhongir.kvs.ac.in


32

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NIZAMABAD

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, DIET COLLEGE PREMISES, CHAKRADHAR NAGAR, NIZAMABAD 503003

ppl.nizamabad@kvs.gov.in

-9491256514,

https://nizamabad.kvs.ac.in


33

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SIDDIPET

FIRST FLOOR, ELLENKI ENGINEERING COLLEGE CAMPUS, NEAR RURAL POLICE STATION, SIDDIPET, DISTRICT :- SIDDIPET (T.S) PIN - 502 107

ppl.siddipet@kvs.gov.in

9000347806,

https://siddipet.kvs.ac.in


34

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NALGONDA

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NALGONDA, BESIDE YSR PARK, RAMNAGAR, NALGONDA,TELANGANA,PIN-508001

ppl.nalgonda@kvs.gov.in

08682-230123,

https://nalgonda.kvs.ac.in


35

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MIRYALAGUDA

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA MIRYALAGUDA, OPP.NSP CAMP GROUNDS, MIRYALAGUDA TOWN, NALGONDA DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE-508207

ppl.miryalguda@kvs.gov.in

08689-295859,

https://miryalaguda.kvs.ac.in



MissionTo cater to the educational needs of children of transferable Central Government including Defence and Para-military personnel by providing a common programme of education; To pursue excellence and set the pace in the field of school education;
To initiate and promote experimentation and innovations in education in collaboration with other bodies like Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) etc.
To develop the spirit of national integration and create a sense of "Indianness" among children.
To Provide, establish, endow, maintain, control & manage schools, hereinafter called the 'Kendriya Vidyalaya' for the children of transaferable employees of the Government of India, floating populations & others including those living in remote & undeveloped locations of the country & to do all acts & things necessary for the conducive to the promotions of such schools.
Salient Features Common text-books and bilingual medium of instructions for all Kendriya Vidyalayas.
All Kendriya Vidyalayas are affiliated to Central Board of Secondary Education.
All Kendriya Vidyalayas are co-educational, composite schools.
Sanskrit is taught from class VI - VIII.
The quality of teaching is kept reasonably high by an appropriate teacher-pupil ratio.
No tuition fee for boysupto Class VIII, girls upto Class XII and SC/ST students and children of KVS employees.


http://kvsangathan.nic.in/

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Telangana Navodaya Schools

Telangana Navodaya Schools are part of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti  an Autonomous Body Under Ministry of Education, Government Of India with head quarters at B-15, Institutional Area, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201307. 

The JNV system was founded in 1986 by then Prime Minister of India, Rajiv Gandhi and brain child of the then Human Resources Minister, P. V. Narasimha Rao. The system provides free residential education for grades six to twelve to rural populations and affiliated with the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).

Vision : To provide good quality modern education-including a strong component of culture, inculcation of values, awareness of the environment, adventure activities and physical education- to the talented children predominantly from the rural areas without regard to their family's socio-economic conditions

As per the policy of the Government, one Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya is to be established in each district.

The first Navodaya Vidyalayas were established in 1985-86 in Amravati (Maharashtra) and Jajjar (Haryana).

 

List of Schools in Telangana

1. JNV Nalgonda established in 22nd December, 1986 at Chalakurthy, District Nalgonda, Telangana State PIN -508202, Phone: 08680-275430 Email : jnvnalgonda@gmail.com
2. JNV Karimnagar inaugurated on the 31st of December 1986 at Choppadandi, District Karimnagar, Telangana PIN -505415. Phone : 0878-2281476, Email: nvknr@gmail.com. 
3. JNV Kamareddy Nizamabad established in 1986 at Nizamsagr Mandal, Nizamabad Dist.,Telangana - 503 302
4. JNV Khammam established in 1987 at Palair Village, Kusumanchi Mandal, Khammam District, Telangana - 507157, Phone : 9246469246, Email : jnvkhammam1@gmail.com
5. JNV Kumaram Bheem Asifabad established 1987 - 88 at Trishul Pahad, Sirpur Kagaznagar, Dist.Kumuram Bheem Asifabad, Telangana, India PINCODE-504296. Phone : 9441264035, Email : jnvkumurambheem1987@gmail.com
6. JNV Rangareddy established 1987 - 88 at Gachibowli, HCU Campus, Near Gopanpalli Village, Serilingampalli, Ranga Reddy - 500046, Telangana, India, Email : jnvrangareddy@gmail.com, Phone : 040-29700558, 040-29700559
7. JNV Siddipet established in 1987 at Wargal Village and Mandal, Pamulaparthy post, District Siddipet, Telangana state, INDIA PIN - 502279, Email : jnvmedak@gmail.com
8. JNV Warangal established in 1992 at Mamnoor, District Warangal, Telangana, INDIA PIN – 506166, Phone :+91-0870-2556373 , Email : jnvmwarangal@gmail.com
9. JNV Nagarkurnool established in 1994 at Vattem, District Nagarkurnool, Telangana PIN -509 203, Email: jnvnagarkurnool@gmail.com
10. JNV Jagtial
11. JNV Nizamabad
12. JNV Bhadradri-Kothagudem
13. JNV Medchal-Malkajgiri
14. JNV Mahbubnagar
15. JNV Sangareddy
16. JNV Suryapet 

Dec 7, 2024 : Telangana secures 7 new Navodaya Vidyalayas in Jagtial, Nizamabad, Bhadradri-Kothagudem, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Mahbubnagar, Sangareddy, and Suryapet districts.

Enrollment Policy
Admission in Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya is made on the basis of a Selection Test, designed and conducted by the CBSE for all 6th, 9th and 11th class students.

Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya Selection Test (JNVST) conducted in Telangana in Hindi, English, Telugu, Kannada, Marati, Urdu languages

It is of non-verbal nature, class-neutral and designed so as to ensure that talented children from rural areas are able to compete without facing any disadvantage. Special care is taken to ensure that children from far flung areas get admission forms free of cost, without any difficulty. 

Every JNV offers around 80 seats for the students to get admission in

 
Eligibility Conditions

1. Only the bonafide resident candidates from the district concerned where the Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya has been located are eligible to apply for admission.
2. No candidate is eligible to appear in the selection test for the second time, under any circumstances
3. At least 75% of the seats in a district will be filled by candidates provisionally selected from rural areas of the district. The remaining seats are open which will be filled on merit from both Urban and Rural Area candidates of the district as per reservation criteria.
4. A candidate who has studied in a school located in an urban area even for a single day of session in Class-III, IV and V will be considered as an urban candidate.
5. Minimum One third of the total seats are filled by girls. In order to ensure 1/3rd selection of girls, girls may be preferred than boys as per NVS selection criteria, wherever necessary.
6. SC/ST Reservation of seats is provided in proportion to their population in the district concerned provided that in no district, such reservation will be less than the national average (15% for SC and 7.5% for ST) but subject to maximum of 50% for both the categories (SC & ST) taken together.
7. OBC reservation is 27% as per central list over and above reservation of SCs and STs. 
8. There is a provision for reservation for Divyang children (i.e. Orthopedically Handicapped, Hearing Impaired and Visually Handicapped) as per GOI norms.

1. Class VI
1. A candidate seeking admission for Class VI must be within the age group of 10 to 12 years 
2. The candidate who has not been promoted and admitted to class V before 31st July of the session in which he/she is applying for selection test is not eligible to apply. 
3. The candidate who has already passed/studied class V in all previous academic sessions is not eligible to appear in the selection test.
4. A candidate seeking admission to class VI must have studied and passed classes III, IV and V from a Govt. /Govt. aided/ recognized school spending one full academic session in each class.
2. Class IX
1. A candidate seeking admission must be between the age group 13-15 years on 1st May of the year of admission for which the Selection Test is conducted.
3. Class XI
1. For 2024 Date of Birth of the candidate is to be between 1st June 2006 to 31st July 2008 (both days inclusive).

Objectives of Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti 

To establish, endow, maintain, control, and manage schools (hereinafter called the 'Navodaya Vidyalaya') and to do all acts and things necessary for or conducive to the promotion of such schools which will have the following objectives:

1. To provide good quality modern education-including a strong component of culture inculcation of values, awareness of the environment, adventure activities and physical education- to the talented children predominantly from the rural areas without regard to their family's socio-economic condition.
2. To provide facilities, at a suitable stage, for instruction through a common medium, viz., Hindi and English, all over the country.
3. Offer a common core-curriculum to ensure comparability in standards and to facilitate and understand the common and composite heritage of our people.
4. To progressive bring students from one part of the country to another in each school to promote national integration and enrich the social content.
5. To serve as a focal point for improvement in quality of school education through training of teachers in live situations and sharing of experiences and facilities.
6. To establish, develop, maintain and manage hostels for the residence of students of Navodaya Vidyalayas.
7. To aid, establish and conduct other institutions as may be required for the furtherance of the Society's objects in any part of India.
8. To do all such things as may be considered necessary, incidental or conducive to the attainment of all or any of the objects of the society.

https://navodaya.gov.in/nvs/en/Home1

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Puttapaka Telia Rumal

Puttapaka Telia Rumal meaning "Oily kerchief" is a double ikat textile from the village of Puttapaka, Narayanapur Mandal in the Nalgonda district of Telangana, India. Puttapaka is now on the global map after securing the coveted Geographical Indication tag in 2015.

The style developed in Chirala, on the coast of Andra Pradesh, with the earliest recorded pieces made in the 1800s, but spread further to the Nalgonda District due to high demand from Arabic markets. Presently, the village of Puttapaka, Nalgonda District is one of the few places still weaving the telia rumal. There, the Gajam family have been keeping the skill alive.

The more common single form of ikat is a process where the warp or weft yarn is resist-tied before being dyed and then woven. (‘Resist dying’ uses various methods — in this case, tied-off sections of yarn — to dye textiles with patterns.) Single ikat is found in many places around the world, but double ikat is more rare, requiring a high degree of work and precision found in only a few places, particularly in Japan, India and Bali.

Telia Rumal can be literally translated to mean ‘oiled/oily kerchief’. First to explain Telia – the word ‘Telia’ is derived from Til (sesame)/Tel (oil) since the yarn for the textile is treated with castor ash, sesame oil and sheep dung (yes!!) for longer colour retention. The entire method of processing the yarn takes about 21 days. The well-oiled threads help retain moisture. 

The term ‘Rumal’ refers to a square kerchief or scarf. The oil in the scarf protects the skin from dryness when worn in the extreme desert climate of the Arabian lands. The same turban keeps the head warm in winters. The liberal use of oil makes the fabric soft and renders a distinct smell to the same. The men in the Middle-Eastern countries fashioned keffiyehs or turbans out of the Telia Rumal. 

In India, it was used by the fishermen as a lungi (loin cloth) because the oily cloth repelled water. It was also believed that the red colour and the oily fragrance attracted the fish and the fishermen thus would never return without a catch. It was also used by Nizams and wealthy Zamindars of Telangana for turbans as a symbol of their power. This explains the power statement made by Sheikh Chand in Ankur by sporting the Telia Rumal.

Telia Rumal is a unique tie and dye technique that uses oil for the treatment of the yarn that helps it retain softness and has a distinct smell of gingelly oil. The earlier patterns used to be strictly geometric or vegetal patterns due to the preference of the patrons, but after 1930s the craftsmen started incorporating figurative elements like lions, elephants, birds, clocks and even aeroplanes, which required better weaving skills. It is no longer handkerchief-size pieces that connoisseurs can buy. The families involved in weaving now create saris, dupattas, dress materials and other made-to-order pieces with the same techniques and exotic patterns.

The Telia Rumal is essentially a double ikat weave. But, it is not just another double ikat weave. The elaborate treatment of the yarn prior to resist dyeing is what makes it special. Now, the question that arises in the minds of the unversed is – what is ikat? Ikat is a word of Indonesian origin which means bind. It is a technique by which the yarn is tied as per the patterns required and then dyed. This yarn is then woven. When only the warp or the weft is tied and dyed it is called single ikat; when both the warp and the weft are tied and dyed, based on the pattern that needs to be evolved after weaving, it is called double ikat. It goes without saying that weaving a double ikat involves more skill; it is a more labour intensive and time taking technique. Double ikat textiles are still prevalent -largely in India, Japan and Indonesia. The Telia Rumal however goes a step ahead in establishing its distinctiveness; apart from the fact that it is a double ikat, its uniqueness is hidden in its name.

Gajam Govardhana is an Indian master weaver, known for his work in Ikkat dyeing in the Telia Rumal tradition, and for his handloom creations. In 2011 the government of India honoured him with the fourth-highest civilian award, Padma Shri.

Govardhana was born 1 September 1949 in the small village of Putapakka in the Nalgonda district of the south Indian state of Telangana. He heads the Padmashali family, which keeps the Telia Rumal tradition alive, and employs 500 weavers in the state. He runs Murali Sari Emporium, a favoured shopping place for celebrities such as Sonia Gandhi, Shabana Azmi and Sheila Dikshit.

He has set up a small museum in Hyderabad to showcase the craft and the skill handed down over generations. The museum is in a warren of lanes in the Dilsukhnagar area of the city. The museum is a tribute to artisans who have steadfastly held on to their craft in the wake of destruction wrought by industrialisation, powerlooms and synthetic dves. The museum has weaves created by Govardhan and his family members over the years, a library of books that detail the fabric traditions of India, clothes woven using similar styles from other parts of the world, hierloom designs, and a small loom to give an idea of the work of weavers. Govardhan and his familv has been creating Telia Rumals
for nearly 100 years and have breathed life into a dying dyeing style, weave and pattern. The name Telia Rumal comes from oiled kerchiefs.

The kerchiefs are used to cover the head in Gulf countries where the hint of oil in the cloth keeps the fabric cool. But before that, the handkerchiefs were gifts for lovers.

Making of the cloth

“The yarn is soaked in sheep dung for 17 days and castor oil kernels for 21 days before it is ready for dyeing,” says Govardhan sharing the secret about the cloth that’s claimed to be cool during summer and warm during winter. 

The yarn is one story, but how it is woven into a cloth is a lesson in perspective. Imagine a world in squares. In pixels. It is as if the Oxford checks came to India, flirted, danced and multiplied to become a riot of colours. 

One of the largest pieces he has created is a cotton spread that is 81 inches by 71 inches framed by a six-inch border of madder colour. “Created in 1983, for the Festival of India that travelled the world, the spreadcreated a global buzz for the fabric and people started coming to Puttapaka to see the process and buy cloth,” says Govardhan wearing a blindingly white sharply tailored shirt and trousers. 

He has worked with Suraiya Hasan. While Suraiva Hasan is credited with reviving Malkha and other fabrics, Govardhan has breathed life into Telia Rumal by imagining the pattern on saris, dress materials, carpets and wall hangings. He has showcased his work on the global stage. “This is an old tradition but nearly died out in Chirala. I started work on this in 1972. I began with rumals then I used the
rumal design and weaving method to create saris, dupattas, stoles, curtain cloth and bedspreads,” he informs.

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Gajapati Empire

1458 AD - 1504 AD : Gajapati Empire (1435 AD - 1541 AD)

Founder : Kapilendra Deva. He ascended to the throne after staging a military coup against the preceding and the last ruler from the Eastern Ganga dynasty, Bhanu Deva IV. 

Coronation : 29 June 1435 AD

Capital :  Bhubaneswar

Religion : Hinduism

1423 AD : Ahmad I appointed Abdul Latif Khan as governor of Telangana

1425 AD : Abdul Latif Khan raided Recherla Nayaks for siding with Vijayanagara Empire.

1435 AD, the Rachakonda area was given by the Sultan to his brother Mohammed Khan

During the times of 1433 – 1438 AD, Bahamanis of Bidar occupied the forts of Medak, Warangal, and Bhuvanagiri

1458 AD -  1467 AD : Kapilendra Gajapati (1434 CE – 1467 CE)

1458 AD : Conquest of Telangana

Sanjar Khan General of Humayaun Shah confered Bhongir as Jagir on him

Humayun Shah ascended the throne of the Bahmani sultanate in  1458 AD. Upon his enthronement, Humayun appointed Mahmud Gawan lieutenant of the kingdom and governor of Bijapur, with the title of Malik-ut-Tujjar. Sikandar Khan, a cousin of Humayun, was given charge of Telangana. But, Still dissatisfied by the appointment, he began a rebellion, supported by his father Jalal Khan and Recherla Nayaks of Devarakonda. Sikandar was killed in the ensuing battle, and his army defeated, In an act of revenge the Bahmani sultan invaded the Telegana region and the Bahmani commander Sanjar Khan extracted vengeance on the common people. Native Hindus were sold as slaves Recherla Lingama Nayaka sought help from Orissa Gajapathis.The political situation in Telangana provided an opportunity for the Gajapati army to intervene and conquer the territory.  The victory over the Bahmani Sultanate forces at Devarakonda in 1458 CE enabled Kapilendra Deva to assume the title of Kalavargeśvara which meant the Lord of Kalaburagi or Gulbarga.

1460 AD : Warangal
The two epigraphs are engraved on the eastern and western gates of the fort at Warangal and refer to the capture of the fort by the Gajapati army. The one on the western gate belongs to Virabhadra Raghudeva, son of Parasurama, who was the younger brother of the Gajapati Kapileswara and the son of Jagesvara. The record is dated in the Kali year 4561, Pramathin (A.D. 1460) and states that Warangal lay within the dominions of Humayun Shah. Sultan of Kalubarega (Gulbarga). The other inscription, set up about the same time, on the eastern gate mentions prince Hamvira-mahapatra, son of Kapilesa Gajapati, and states that he captured the fort.

1460 AD - 1464 AD : Dharma Nayaka son of Singama Nayaka III
1462 A.D: Shayampet inscription - Dharmanayudu / Dharmanayaka, brother of Singama nayaka-III was appointed as the ruler of Warangal. However, now Recherla Nayaks became the tributaries of the Gajapatis of Orissa.

1467 AD - 1497 AD : Purushottama Gajapati

His father Gajapati Kapilendra Deva chose him as his heir to rule the Gajapati Empire at the banks of river Krishna where he breathed his last. This decision infuriated his elder brother Hamvira Deva who was a battle hardened and successful warrior fulfilling the task of conquering the southern territories and expeditions against the Vijayanagara Empire as wished by his father.

October 1472 AD - 1476 AD : Hamvira Deva 

A disgruntled Hamvira solicited a treaty with the Turko-Persian Bahmani Sultan Muhammad Shah III. Willing to capture Rajamahendravaram and Kondapalli, Muhammad Shah III placed conditions on Hamvira to accept his suzerainty when he becomes the ruler of the Gajapati realm and cede the desired territories from his father's empire. This deal between Hamvira and Muhammad Shah III has been mentioned in the works of Ferishta and Sayid AliTaba Taba. The Bahmani Sultan sent his commander Hussain Bheiry with troops to support Hamvira in overthrowing Purushottama. Gaining the support of the Bahmani forces, Hamvira Deva declared himself Gajapati in the year 1472. Purushottama lost more than half of his father's empire in the initial years to Hamvira and the Bahmani forces. Hamvira became a doppleganger Gajapati in the southern portions of Odisha and tried to invade the Gajapati capital ruled by his younger brother but was defeated.

1475 AD : Azim Khan

Bahamani Sultan Muhammad Shah II defeated Lingama Nayaka and occupied Rachakonda and Devarakonda. The Bahamani Sultan, then sent Malik Nizam Ul Mulk Bahri to conquer Telengana. This man not only took the forts in Telengana, but also Kondaveedu and Rajamahendravaram forts and occupied all of Telengana. The Orugallu kingdom was given by the Sultan to Azim Khan. This happened around 1475 AD.

1493 AD : Qutb-ul-Mulk

1496 AD - 1518 AD : Sultan Quli Khawas Khan Hamdani or Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk was awarded the title Qutb-ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm) as military chief and was made the tarafdar of Golconda in 1496.
 

c. 1497 - c. 1540 AD : Prataparudra Gajapati
1503 AD - 1515 AD : Chittapa Khana or Shitap Khan. 

Inscription date : 21st January, A.D. 1504.
Language : Sanskrit.
This inscription is on a pillar in the fort near the temple, dated S. 1425, Magha su. 5, Sunday, (A.D. 1504, Jan. 21). The famous Shitap Khan inscription (Hyderabad Archaeological Series No. 9) records the capture of Warangal called Ekopala and restoration of the temples of the god Panchala Raya and the goddess Kakati by Chittapa Khana. The genealogy and greatness of Chittapa Khan are given in detail. Chittap Khan was a subordinate of Prataparudra Gajapati and he figures in the Rayavachakamu as an opponent of Krishnadevaraya during his Telangana campaign Chittapa Khana was not a Mahammadan chief as his name indicates, but a Hindu ruler of Bhogi kula called Sitapati who was ruling over a certain part of Telangana from his capital at Rachakonda.

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Chakaligattu Island

Chakaligattu Island is located in the middle of River Krishna amidst the huge reservoir of Nagarjunasagar having maximum plain area near Rekulavalyam is a small Village/hamlet in Chandampet Mandal and Peddagummadam is a small Village/hamlet in Pedda Adiserla Pally Mandal in Nalgonda District of Telangana State, India.

Can reach through Vizagcolony a small Village/hamlet in Chandampet Mandal or in Nalgonda District of Telangana State.

To the list of tourist places, an eco-adventure tourism destination could soon be added, if the Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation is all prepared to expand Chakaligattu Island in the middle of River Krishna close to Nagarjunasagar in Nalgonda district.

The advantage for Chakaligattu Island is that it’s located amidst the huge reservoir of Nagarjunasagar having maximum plain area. The authorities feel that the island could be connected to both Nagarjuna Konda and the Buddhavanam Project.

Besides, world’s largest as well as famous masonary dam Nagarjunasagar across River Krishna, the TSTDC has set up an impressive Buddhist Tourist Destination – Buddhavanam, across 274 acres of land.

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/the-ambitious-plan-to-develop-chakaligattu-island-as-tourist-destination/article66135486.ece

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Tummalagudem Inscription

566 AD : Tummalagudem Inscription of Vikramendra Varman II (555 AD - 569 AD) in Nalgonda

Sanskrit and Southern Characters.

These records are present in Navodaya Samiti, Hyderabad. Both the Tumulaguda sets, written in Sanskrit language and Southern characters belong to the Vishnu Kundin dynasty. One of them, in characters of about the fourth-fifth centuries A.D., was issued in the thirty- seventh year of the reign of Maharaja Govindavarman, son of Maharaja Madhavavarman, and grandson of Maharaja Indra-varman. It records that the king granted two villages called Embudala and Penkapara to the vihara of the senior-queen (agra-mahishi) Parama-mahadevi. The other set refers itself to the reign of Vikramendra-bhattaraka Varman alias Uttamasraya and is dated in his eleventh regnal year and in Saka 488 (A.D. 566-67). It records the grant of the village Irundoro, by the king, to the same vihara built at Indrapura. It also refers to the defeat of the Pallava ruler Simha by Uttamasraya.

At the outset, many observed that in almost all the known records of the family where the name of royal house occurs outside the compounds, including the Sets under study, the dynasty is spelt only as Vishnukundinam which denotes the i-ending of the name. However, the respective editors of records have corrected into reading, into ondinam with n-ending, evidently to fall in line with "very incorrect" text of the Chikkulla plates. So herein after let us spell the name only Vishnukundi and not Vishnu Kundin, has been usually done.

Here he is referred to by his title Uttamasraya and is described as the son of Satyasraya which is apparently a title of Vikramendrabhatta rakavarman's father Indrabhattarakavarman. Then after praising the Vishnukundis to have got the authority to rule on account of their devotion to the god Sriparvatasvamin and to have the brilliance of both the Brahman (i.e., Brahmana) and Kshatra (i.e., Kshtriya), the section gives the royal genealogy. It is said that in the above family there was the Maharaja Govindavarman, a believer in the Sugatasasana (teachings of the Buddha) and a builder of many viharas (lines 3-6). His son Maharaja Madhavavarman was the performer of eleven Asvamedhas and other srauta sacrifices. He was also a ruler of all the land surrounded by the seas in the east, south and west and by the river Reva (i.e., Narmada) in the north (lines 6-9). This land is nothing but the Southern Chakravarti Kshetra. His son, through a Vakaṭaka princess, was the Maharaja Vikramendra (I), a mahakavi and Paramasaugata (follower of Buddhism lines 9-10). His son was Indrabhattarakavarman, the conqueror of the whole (of the Southern) Chakravartikshetra in many chaturdanta (four-tusked elephants) battles and the terror to all his dayadas or kinsmen (lines 10-13). His son was Vikramendrabhattarakavarman, the ruling monarch. He was enthroned by the prakriti-mandala (the council of ministers) even when he was a boy (saisava eva) (lines 13-16).

The second grant section records the following declaration monarch addressed to the future kings: It is stated here that on the Karttika ba. 8th his eleventh regnal year, while being in the Parama Bhattaraka-mahavihara, built by Paramabhattarikamahadevi, in Indrapura the king gifted away the village Irundora, evidently to the above vihara, for the enjoyment of the Buddhist monks. The above Paramabhattarika-mahadevi is described as the mother of Madhavaraja, noted for his aggressive conquests (lines 18-21); as a princess of the family of Prithvi Maharaja, the foremost among the feudatory families on account of its marital tie with the Vishnukundis (lines 21-24); and as the wife of Govindaraja, who had beautified the Deccan by building great stupas and viharas built in every-district, and who was the foremost among the past and future kings of the Sriparvata family (lines 24-29). The above is followed by the usual imprecatory passages (lines 34-41).

The last or the third section contains two verses. Of them the first tells us that the king Uttamasreva i.e., Vikramendrabhattarakavarman II issued the present edict in Saka year 488, when he came returning first to Sakrapura after crippling the Pallava king named Simha. In the second verse a certain Srimularaja, claiming to have restored the fallen fortunes of the family of the overlord i.e., Vikramendrabhaṭṭarakavarman, figures as the ajnapana or the executor of the charter.

There cannot be any doubt regarding the identity of the issues of the charter II. He was no other than the Vishnukundi king Vikramendravarman II, who issued the Chikkulla and Kandulapalem plates. As has been pointed out elsewhere, the above contents of these two charters show that the king Govindavarman, his queen Paramamahadevi, and the vihara built by her, all mentioned in Set I, were respectively identical with their respective counterparts mentioned in the grant portion of the Set II. Again the identity of the description and praise of Govindaraja in grant portion with that of Govindavarman in the genealogical account in the same Set II indicates that both the persons were identical. Then it would follow that Madhavaraja of the grant portion was also identical with Madhavavarman of the introductory part. 

It may be seen now that the king No. 4 viz., Madhavavarman II, the performer of 11 Asvamedhas etc., who was the grandfather of Indrabhattarakavarman (i.e. of the Ramathirtham plates) and the great-grandfather of No.7 Vikramendravarman II name (of the set II etc.,) had his grandfather in No. 2 by Madhavavarman. At the same time according to the list of the Vishnukundi kings given by the Polamuru plates Set I, the donor of that charter, viz., the king Madhavavarman Janasraya, who was also a performer of 11 Asvamedhas etc., had his grandfather whose name was Vikram Mahendra- (i.e., Vikramendra) Varman and not Madhavavarman. So, the king Madhavavarman the great grandfather of Vikramendra- Varman II was altogether different from his name sake of the Polamuru Set I though both claim to be the sons of their respective fathers both named Govindavarmans and to have performed equal number of same sacrifices, i.e., eleven Asvamedhas, thousand Agnishtomas etc. Thus, these present charters help us, to a considerable extent, in answering the vexed question of the Vishnukundi genealogy.

Similarly, by equating the Saka year 488 or 566-67 A.D., with the 11th regnal year of Vikramendra Varman II, the charter II helps us also in solving the much discussed problem of the Vishnu Kundi chronology. For, it assigns the accession of the above king to 555-56 A.D., and the reign of his father Indrabhattarakavarman to 526-56 A.D. So the reign periods of other earlier kings of the family can also be fixed now with certainty. Again, it is needless to point out that king Vikramendravarman II, ruling about 566 A.D., could not have been the adversary of the Chalukyas when they invaded and conquered the Vengi country about half a century later.

Moreover, by calling the Vishnukundi kings as Sriparvateyas of the kings belonging to the Sri Parvata, Set II gives us a clue to investigate the origin of the family. On the basis of this one may not be wrong to connect the Vishnukundis with the Sriparvatiya Andhras of the Puranas, though one need not enter now into the question whether the said Sriparvatiya Andhras were the Chutus or the Ikshvakus. Again, the reference to the Vishnukundis as having the qualities of both the Brahma and Kshatra throws light on the social status of the dynasty. The term Brahmakshatra is variously interpreted. However, it would be sufficient for us to bear in mind that Parasurama, who was a product of an intercaste marriage of the Brahmana sage, Jamadagni with a Kshatriya woman, Renuka is described by Kalidasa as having the qualities of both the castes. On the other hand, the Puranas give the name Brahmakshatra or Brahmanakshatriya to the descendants of a person who was born in a Brahmana family but was adopted subsequently to a family of the Kshatriyas.

Moreover, the description of Madhavavarman II and his grandson Indrabhattarakavarman as the suzerains of the Southern Chakravarttikshetra or the entire Deccan, though conventional to some extent, is no doubt interesting. For, after the Satavahanas it was only Madhavavarman II who seems to be the first king to claim such suzerainty.

Similarly, the titles Satyasraya of Indrabhattarakavarman and Uttamasraya of Vikramendravarman II are significant, though the Vishnukundi kings Govindavarman and Madhavavarman of the Polamuru plates (Set I) are already known to have had similar titles viz., Vikramasraya and Janasraya respectively. Perhaps Indrabhattarakavarman (526-56 AD) was the first known ruler to bear the title Satyairava. Another Sarvatraya viz., Pulakesi-I (535- 66 AD) was his younger contemporary. The other Satyasrayas like Pulakesi -II. Satyasraya Dhruvaraja Indravarman of the Goa plates, and others belonged to subsequent times.

Feudatory Prithivimula family
The reference to the chiefs of the Prithivimula family as the feudatories of the Vishnukundis is an important one. There can hardly be any doubt that the executor of the Set II viz., Srimularaja and Prithvi Mula or Prithivisrimula who issued the Godavari plates Set I and II, belonged to this family though one cannot be sure now, whether both of these chiefs were identical or not. However, it is certain that Prithivimula's adversary Indrabhatraraka referred to in the former's Godavari Set I was the Vishnukundi Indrabbattarakavarman. as Prof. Kielhorn suggested and not the Eastern Chalukya of that name, as Dr. Fleet thought earlier. The description of Indrabhattarakavarman's great grandmother as a princess of the Prithivimula family suggests that this family had a history much older than what we know at present.

The Buddhist nature of both the records under study and the description of Govindavarman and Vikramendravarman I as Buddhists seem to shed welcome light on the religious policy of the Vishnu Kundi monarchs, who are hitherto known only as Saivites and as the followers of the Vedic religion.

This suggestion seems to get some support from the unusually long chain of epithets of Govindavarman, running over ten lines, the complete silence about Sriparvatasvamin, the god of the king's family, the stress on the king's leaning towards the Buddhist religion, the glorification of the Buddha and the Buddhist clergy, and the excessive use of the Buddhist technical terms in this context.

Indrapura also called Sakrapura
Of the geographical units mentioned in the records the city Indrapura also called Sakrapura where Govindavarman's queen had built a monastery is to be identified with Indrapala Gutta area near Tummalagudem the findspot of the charter about five miles from Ramannapeta (17° 15' Lat. 79° 15' Long.). May be, the city was founded by and named after Govindavarman's grandfather Indravarman. Of the two gift villages of the Set I viz., Ermbadala and Prenkapara, the former may be identified with the modern Yerra Baliguda (17° 35' Lat., 79° 40' Long.) and the latter with Pankabanda (17° 25' Lat., 79°45' Long.) or Pankara (17° 45' Lat., 79° 45' Long). The gift village Irundoga of Set II is difficult to identify.

Set-I Translation

(Line 1): Success! Hail: Victory is achieved by that most enlightened Bhagavat, the very embodiment of pity, by whom the path for attaining salvation is shown to the pious.

(Line 13): On the Full-moon day of the month Vaisakha in the thirty seventh year of the increasingly victorious rule of his own, by the illustrious Maharaja Govindavarman;

(Lines 2-3): Who was the ornament to the whole of the spotless great family of the Vishnu Kundi kings who had the treasure of multitude of virtues like energy, truthfulness, sacrifice, noble descent, wisdom, discipline, perseverance; who got (their) kingdom by their own effort; who had then displayed their excellent great fame by properly governing (their) subjects;

(Line 4): (by Govindavarman) who was an excellent grandson of the illustrious Maharaja Indravarman, and an excellent son of the illustrious Maharaja Madhavavarman;

(Lines 5-12): (by Govindavarman) who carved out his own kingdom by dint of his own wisdom, power of arms, perseverance, might and affection; who had penetrated into the heart of the kingdoms of other chiefs by means of (his) heroism, intelligence and strength, whom all the castes, asramas, kinsmen and servants loved, because of (his) gifts and honour etc; who had gifted away thousands of villages, cultivable lands, gold, elephants, horses, cows, bulls, beds, seats, vehicles, drink, food, habitations, clothes, ornaments, virgin girls, and maid and male servants; who had embellished all the quarters by constructing afresh many temples, monasteries, halls, drinking (water) houses, ponds, wells and gardens and by keeping (the old ones) in good repair; whose collection of rich wealth, lawfully acquired was being enjoyed well by the monks, the Brahmanas, the helpless, the beggars, the sick, the depressed and the wretched; who had sacrificed over and again all his wealth; who had an unique eye (for the perception of things both) in this world as well as in the other on account of his learning and through knowledge of the important of all the scriptures; who was a good asylum of the scholars, warriors and persons of noble birth; and who had developed, in his mind, the thoughts of great enlightenment for saving all the creatures.

(Line 20); who was desirous of creating a material thing (i.e. a gift) as a token of meritorious action (i.e. a gift) which could be gifted away and enjoyed, in favour the assembly of the noble ones the four quarters;

(Line 18-19) that travels by three vehicles (or paths) that very unsurpassed (rich) field of merits because of the group of virtues, such absence of likes and dislikes, moral principles principles, discipline, the practice of asceticism the study and hearing and application of, and meditating upon, the Buddhist preaching, the meditation the intense Self-contemplation, and the attainment (of all the stages of the samadhi); and that has entered into the path of the Budha,

(Line 13-18) who had perfect enlightenment through the uninterrupted and faultless knowledge of all things; who had desire, hatred, delusion and the miseries of birth and death; accumulated loads of innumerable equipments of merit and wisdom, gathered during many ages of the world for uplift of all creatures drowned the multifarious miseries like birth, old age, death, sorrow etc., (resulting from) the continued process of transmigration; who was distinguished by the thirty-two characteristic signs of great men (indicating perfection) and was adorned by the eighteen-fold special characteristics of the enlightened; and who mastered the four subjects of confidence and had ten-fold forces;

(Lines 21-23) for alleviating all miseries of poverty of all beings and of his own father. and mother and for (maintaining) the continuity of the roots of merits like (supplying) lamps, incenses, sandals, flowers, flags, drinks, food, beds, seats, medicines for the sick and for repairing the dilapidations and the decay of the monastery of Paramamahadevi, his own queen:

(Lines 23-24) were gifted away (by Govindavarman), by pouring water, the two villages named Ermadala and Penkaparu together with their treasures on and under the ground together with the right to punish (culprits), to collect taxes, to get free labour and with (right for) the payment of the bhaga and bhoga abandoned by himself (i.e. the king).

(Lines 25-26) (These villages are free from the entry of the officers) like charas, bhatas, dutas, vallabhas and rajapurushas; and are liberated with all exemptions (from taxes) and they are to be protected and augmented by the kings born of the Vishnukundi family.

(Lines 26-28) The (original) decree is restored. The five great sins (fall on one's head) if the decree is violated. And on the transgression of (this) decree, one would consume the result of (one's own) evil deeds both in the hell full of endless miseries and also in the births of the animals and ghosts.

(Lines 28-32) On this subject there are (the following) verses sung by Manu. (Here occur three customary imprecatory verses).

(Line 32) May the order of the Vishnukundis govern the earth as long as the Meru and the sea exist on the earth and the moon, the sun and the god of wind in heaven!

Set-2 Translation

(Line 1): That glorious Uttamasraya son of Satyasraya is victorious, by the splendour of whom-as brilliant as the young sun-the circle of quarter is pervaded.

(Line 2): Prosperity!

(Lines 13-16): The glorious Vikramendrabhaṭṭarakavarman, the pair of whose excellent feet is illuminated by the rays of the gems on the diadems of many bowing chiefs; who is extremely righteous and is a righteous conqueror; on whom the burden of the kingdom is imposed, even at the time of childhood, by the council of ministers on account of his wealth of all virtues of royal saints and the unique valour worthy of him (i.e. his father Indrabhattarakavarman); and who is the beloved son.

(Lines 10-13): of the glorious Indrabhattarakavarman, who completely destroyed the veil of the dense darkness in the form of all (his) kinsmen by means of the lustre of the sun which his own hand surrounded by rows of hands that held (and rows of the rays in the form of) glittering swords who acquired the rulership of all the Chakravartikshetra by means of victories over innumerable four-tuskes (elephants in the battles) and who was the son.

(Lines 9-10): of the glorious Vikramendra who was a great poet and was a devout worshipper of Sugata (the Buddha); who was the son of the great queen of (the family of) the Vakataka; and who was the beloved son.

(Line 9.6) of the Maharaja glorious Madhavavarman, who was the lord of the earth adorned with the circle (and, bracelet) of the waters of the Reva as well as of the oceans of the east, south and west, who carried out the performance of all difficult desire-fulfilling rites (like) eleven Asvamedhas, Bahusuvarna. Rajasaya. Purushamedha, etc., which he performed well every day and which are ordained in the Sruti; and who was the son.

(Lines 3-6): of the Maharaja glorious Govindavarman who acquired a lot of inexhaustible best merit by establishing big monasteries whose great and varied beauties vied with (those of) the mansions of gods; who had faith in Sugatsa`s (Buddha`s) instruction born out of compassion of Shadabhijna (the Buddha) in (delivering) sermons with the miracle of mind-reading; (and who belonged to the family).

(Lime 2-3): of the Vishnukundis, who, like Vishnu, have got the wealth of valour and political wisdom; who bear the brilliance of (both) the Brahman and Kshatra; and who have acquired the right of protecting subjects, through (their) meditation on the feet of the glorious holy Lord of the Sri Parvata;

(Lines 16-18); Inferius as follows - after duly honouring all the future saint-kings, the ornaments of the families of his own and of others:-

(Lines 29-30): “In the glorious Paramabhattarikamahavihara bounded by Paramabhaṭṭārika-mahadevi as if she was desirous of highly beautifying the glorious Indrapura;

(Lines 18-21): "who gave birth under the pretext of a son, to the (very) heap of virtue (like) political wisdom, endowed with charming personality, bearing the glorious name Madhavaraja and having an unsurpassed might manifest in forcibly seizing the royal seats (i.e. cities) that had been completely beneficial to other royal families reputed might;

(Lines 21-24): "who (Parama Bhattaraka Mahadevi), taking birth, adorned the Sri- Prithivimula family-just Sri (Lakshmi) (did) the ocean-which, abundance of rays lights causes extensive quarters space to shine; whose greatness manifest in (its) honourable and unique marriage-relationship the Vishnukundi family; and (therefore) whose noble descent stands in the foremost the families all feudatories;

(Lines 24-29): "on account whom (Parama Bhattaraka Mahadevi) the glorious Govindaraja resembling Govinda (Vishnu) by virtues, beauty and wealth, did not crave for Sri (goddess Lakshmi) having corporeal body (Govindaraja), who gave rise to the fame that resembled kaustubha gem that shines uniquely centre at the centre of the necklace in form of the row kings of the past and future of the family (sprung) from Sri Parvata; and who beautified the whole of the Dakshinapatha by the highly varied attractive and sublime works viz., the wonderful stupas and monasteries (built) in every district;

(Line 30-33): "on eleventh year of the increasingly victorious reign, on the eighth lunar day of the dark fortnight of the month of Kartika, village named Irundora gifted by us with the exemption from all obstacles and with the constituents of the gift (or with custom-duties) the enjoyment the universal congregation best (Buddhist) monks.

(Lines 34-36): “(this gift) may also be well protected by all the sage-kings following (the path) of the sruti, smriti and sadachara. Whosever, being victim of greed, carelessness, or the wickedness of his mean servants, proceeds on (gift) with a view to destroy the charity, to him will accrue these sins enjoined smritis".

(Lines 36-41): [Here there are three the usual imprecatory verses].

(Lines 41-44) : "Having made the Pallava named Simha as weak as a fragment of the sprout and having returned back and come first to Sakrapura, the king widely known as Uttamasraya, issued this edict when four hundred and eighty-eight years of the lord of the Sakas have elapsed.

(Lines 44-45): The ajnapana (of this charter) is that Srimularaja who is born of a reputed family; who is the foremost among the kings; and by whom the down-fallen fortune of the family of the overlord is restored by means of political wisdom and valour".

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Panagal

Panagal also called Panugal, Panugallu or Panagallu or Panagallupura is located in Nalgonda district and part of Eruva region in old days.

c.1040 - c.1065 : Eruva Bhima I
In the Eruva line, Bhima the lord of Phanugallu-pura, was born for the rejoicing of all.
Subordinate to Western Chalukya King Somesvara I (1042 - 1068).
Granted the lordship of Cheraku together with its 12 villages to Cheraku Chief Kata I.

c.1065 - 1077 : Tonda I son of Eruva Bhima I
Subordinate to Western Chalukya King Somesvara I (1042 - 1068).
Eruva Tonda , apparently , was a military commander in the army of Dandanayaka Mahapradhani Anantapalayya. 

1076 AD : Jayasimha III Governor

A.D. 1076 introduces the kings subordinate Bhuvanaikamalla-Vira-Nolamba with epithets Vira-Pallavanaya, Pallavakula-tilaka, Amoghavakya and Kanchipuravaresvara as governing Nolambavadi, Panungalnadu and Banavasi-desa. We know that these epithets were borne by the kings younger brother Jayasimha III who is called Trailokyamalla-Vira-Nolamba in the records of his father Trailokyamalla-Somesvara I. Our inscription credits him with the governorship of Banavasi-desa and Panungal-nadu in addition to Nolambhavadi. The inscription also reveals the name of his queen Maladevi.

May 8, 1077 AD : Kollipaka - Mahamandalesvara Eruva Tondarasar, a Telugu-Choda chief sets up an inscription at the same place in Saka.999, Ptnga|a Jyestha su. 13, (A.D. 1077, May 8) (No. 13) to lecordhts gift of perpetual lamps to Somesvara Deva of Kollipaka, where in no reference is made to any overlord.

1077 AD - 1091 AD : Bhimachoda II son of Tonda I

Bhima Choda the lord of Panagallu in Nalgonda

1088 AD - 1097 AD Tonda II

1088 AD - 1091 AD : Ruling Kolanupaka

Koduru near Mahbubnagar became their secondary capital. They adopted the titles Kodur pravaresvara and Kandūri-Chōḍa representing their new capital and additional fief respectively.

1091 AD : An unpublished epigraph from Panugallu dated C.V. 15 (1091) set up by Bhima's eldest son Tondaya registers some vrittis granted by him to a brahman who carried the ashes of his father Kandūru Bhima Choda to Ganga for immersing them in that holy river.

24th December, A.D. 1088 and 25th December, A.D. 1091 : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri 

Vikramaditya VI and Tondaya-Chola-Maharaja.

Both the inscriptions A and B, which belong to the rule of Tribhuvanamalla (i.e. Vikramaditya VI). refer to the Telugu-Choda chief Tondaya-Chola-maharaja of the Kanduru branch. They are dated, apart from other details, in the Chalukya Vikrama years 13 and 16 respectively. Two more inscriptions of this chief bearing dates Chalukya-Vikrama year 12, Prabhava, Uttarayana-sankranti and year 16 of the same era, Prajapati, solar eclipse respectively, are found in Kolanupaka itself. Both the inscriptions, like the inscriptions under study, refer themselves to the rule of Tribhuvanamalla suggesting the feudatory status of the Telugu Choda chief under the imperial Chalukya ruler. Thus in all we have four records of Tondaya-Chola maharaja, dates ranging from the Chalukya Vikrama years 12-16 (1088-92 A.D.)

1092-93 AD : Koppole, Nalgonda.
This inscription, engraved on a slab lying near a tank opposite the Muthyalamma temple, is in Telugu language and Characters and is dated in the Chalukya Vikrama era (year not specified) Angirasa (A.D. 1092-93). It registers a gift of land in the village Jalapattu for the upkeep of the lake at Kroproli and for the maintenance of the Rudresvaradevara-satra, on the occasion of Uttarayan-Sankranti, by Kanduri-Tondaya-Cholamaharaju. The gift was entrusted to Chilyakamti-Anamtasaka-Pandita.

Tonda II has 3 sons Udatiya, Bhima and Gokarna

1097 AD - 1104 AD : Mallikarjunachoda brother of Tonda II

general dandanayaka Rudramayyanayaka

1098 AD :  A number of newly-discovered inscriptions refer to the political conditions prevailing in the twelfth-thirteenth centuries A.D. Among these, mention may be made of the one from Vellala: dated in Saka 1020 (A.D. 1098) and written in Sanskrit language it refers to Mahamandalesvara Mallikarjuna of Kanduri Choda family and traces the genealogy of the family to Karikala and Eruva Bhima. 

1104 AD - 1116 AD : Bhimarasa
15th May A.D. 1116 : Panugallu
States while the Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalladeva ruling kingdom of the earth, Bhimarasa, a relation of Kanduru Somaladevi installed Gangadevi and Gangesvara and submitted to the emperor who was camping in the Uppayana (Vidu) Kollipaka, that he should consider this as his own work of charity (dharma). It is stated that, the emperor having complied with Bhimarasa's request, made gifts, of land Bhatti-Koduru, Namagallu, Bikkikere etc, included in Bhimavara-12 offerings of Gangesvaradeva after washing feet of Vagisvaradeva.

1116 AD - 1128 AD : Kandur Gokarnachoda I son of Tonda II

Gokarna is ruling from Panugal.
10th March, 1122 AD : Panugal, Nalgonda District
Hail ! in the Calukya-Vikrama year 1043, (being the cyclic) year Subhakrt, in the month of Phalguna, on Amavasya, on Friday, on the occasion of the Solar Eclipse, the glorious Maha-mandalesvara king Gokarna-Coda, washed the feet of Gavaliya Bhimana Peggada, son-in-law of Kammana-peggada, and gave away after pouring water (i.e. in the formal way), the lordship of Maduvulu of 30 badi of Kukkudamu with the asta-bhoga rights.

11th August 1124 AD : Panagallu
This inscription is on a stone pillar lying in the Pachala Someshwara Temple. Damaged and fragmentary. Records that, on the occasion of Surya grahana in the year Krodhi, S.1046, Mailambika, wife of Tondanripa who had three sons viz., Udayaditya, Bhima and Gokarna granted an agrahara called Choda Bhima Narayanapuram to 108 Brahmanas. Though the month, tithi, and vara (day in week) are not given, the date of the inscription can be calculated on the basis of the solar eclipse, of which there was only one in the year given in the record. It corresponds to Monday, 11th August, A.D. 1124.

27th November 1127 AD : Mamillapalli
This inscription is in the temple of Narasimha Swami. The record is in two parts. The first part states that certain Bhupala Navisetti devotee of Narasimha with the consent of Gundaya Peddana purchased 40 vrittis in Mavindlapalli and 1 vritti belonging to Gundadeva and donated it for the observance of daily worship and naivedya of Sri Narasimha deva. The second part states that Hari hara dasa kheyideva dandanayaka subordinate of Kanduri Gokarna deva Choda maharaja granted 6 puttis of land (chenu) of Mangallu, seed yielding velivolamu in Pomi reddi Cheruvu and marttars to the daily naivedya of Narasimhadeva.

10th June, 1128 AD : Gattuthimmam

This inscription is on a left pillar in the Siva temple. Records a grant of 2 rukas of Siddhaya to the God Ramesvara deva of Tummeta to maintain perpetual lamp by a certain Pilabache nayaka probably a samanta of Gokarnadeva Choda maharaja for the prosperity of the king.

1128 AD - 1131 AD : Sridevi Tondaya was the son of Udayaditya I, elder brother of Gokarna and Bhima Chōda . 

1128 AD : Anamala, Miryalaguda Taluk.
Belonging to the same period are two epigraphs from Anamala in Miryalaguda Taluk. They belong to the Kanduri Choda family which paid allegiance to the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani. One of them, dated Saka 1050 (A.D. 1128), was issued by Sridevi Tondaya and is silent about the overlord, suggesting an independant status.

This inscription is on a stone pillar set up in the fields towards the west of the village. The inscription records that Mahamandalesvara Kanduri Sridevi Tondaya of Kasyapa-gotra, Karikalanvaya, and solar race, the lord of Kodurupura granted the prabhutva (lordship) of Alamula included in Cheraku-70 (region) with ashtabhogatejas-svamyatas to Ajjala Erayana- peggada. The record, on the other three sides contains Telugu verses in Kanda and one in Champakamala metres, stating that certain Prolemaraja-amarya obtained (from the king) vrittis consisting of Chagamari-12 and Dodidorti-12 and other things. The Champakamala verse states the various royal insignia obtained by Proleyamatya which include, adapamu (betel bag),andalamu (palanquin), (royal) seats kamchagattu (.............), vichchadiya (permission to pay royal visits?), dharalu (swords), savadi-samkhulu (sounding conch shells), bherulu (beating drums), gamgu-gondamu (......), godugulu (umbrellas), pili (elephant), barha-kunta (peacock- fans?) and kham-vitanamu (...).

The last verse states that Adapa-Erayan-peggade obtained the prabhutva (lordship) from Tondaraja of the line of Jata Choda. From this record we understand that the Choda family of Kanduru belonged to the line of Jata Choda of Eruva as said in the Vollala inscription of Mallikarjuna Choda (Ep. Andhrica IV p.26). Secondly, Sridevi Tondaya, the donor of this record is not properly identifiable among the known members of the Kanduri Choda chiefs. Thirdly, it is not known how Proleyaraja-amatya and Erayana peggada were related to each other.

1131 AD : Adavi-Devulapalli, Miryalaguda Taluk
This inscription is on a slab lying in front of the Chennakesava temple. Records the installation of the deity Ramaramana at the place called Bauddham situated on the bank of the river Krishna by mahamandalesvara Kandari Tondaya-chada, who is described as Koduri- puravaradhisvara and belonging to Kasyapa-gotra and Karikalanvaya. While he was ruling from his capital Panugallur over Kandara nadu Vinuribada-nadu and Kondapalli-nadu, his minister Gopati son of Medama granted two khandugas of hand and taxes (sunkas) for maintaining perpetual lamp to the above deity.

1136 AD : Govinda

Prola II, at the behest of King Somesvara, invaded Kandurunadu to put an end to the rebellion. Prola attacked the general Govinda-damdesa, who had received Panugallu from Kumara Tailapa after Gokarna was killed. Upon defeating and killing Govinda-damdesa, Prola restored Panugallu to Udaya Choda, the son of Gokarna. Prola's campaign into Panugallu seems to have occurred sometime between 1128 and 1136.

Govindaraja or Govinda danḍesa is not settled . There was a Govinda , an early contemporary of Prola II , a nephew ( sister's son ) of Anantapāla daṇḍanāyaka , the famous general of Vikramaditya VI . Govinda danḍanayaka of Kondapalli and Bhima Chōla III seem to have extended their support to the revolting prince Tailapa .

1136 AD - 1176 AD : Kandur Udayachoda II Son of Gokarnachoda I

General : Arasalu

King Udayanachoda, who was ruling a vast kingdom comprising 1,100 villages from Panugal in the present Nalgonda district, had expanded his kingdom as far as the present Mahabubnagar district, holding the strategic Krishna River belt under his control.

25th December A.D. 1136 : Peruru, Miryalaguda Taluk, Nalgonda District.
This inscription is set up before the mukhamandapa of the swayambhu Someswara temple. Records the gift of land by madalika Gunadya, an officer under the chief for conducting the offerings and worship on the day of Uttarayana-Sankranthi. The land was measured by a rod called ghada-marturu to the deity Kesavadeva installed by Yajnavalki Kesava-bhatta.

Sirikonda inscription dated A.D.1149 states that, Mahamandalika ketaya of the Pallava lineage obtained kondapallinadu by means of charter from Mahamandaleshwar Koduru Udayana Choda maharaja who was ruling Sirikonda-rajya, made the gift of lands and tolls on various articles of merchandise to the Gods namely adjusted in to the God’s hundi.

An inscription on a stone slab dating back to 1158 CE has been discovered and reported by the villagers of Vavikollu in Gundlapally mandal of Nalgonda district.The orders were passed on a Sunday, which was Pournami (full moon night) of lunar eclipse on August 10, 1158, when the King had gifted his Raj Purohit Sarvadeva Somayajulu a village named ‘Bodavipparru.’ The inscriptions stated that the village was exempted from any form of taxation and that Somayajulu could enjoy the land as per his wishes.

1176 AD -  1239 AD : Cheraku Bolla II 

1202 AD : Lord of Panugallu, Uppunututa

1239 AD - 1258 AD : Kayastha Ganagaya Sahini

Capital : Kroccherla (Eruva-73 region)
Kayastha Chief Ganagaya Sahini was ruling the region extending from Panugallu in Nalgonda District to Valluru in the Cuddapah district and has the title of Gandapendara.

1250 AD : Led a military expedition into the Seuna kingdom in the west at the command of his master Ganapatideva and made king Kannara or Damodara flee from battle field and was made the head of the seventy two branches of administration of the kingdom.

1254 AD: Encounter with Vaidumba chief Rakkasaganga, was ruling Marjavadi and Pottapinadu regions

1253 AD : An epigraph dated Saka 1175 (A.D. 1253) while mentioning the name of the Kayastha
chief Gangayasahini, mentions his father Sri Dhanava and grandfather Sri Dhasuva who were not known previously. The location of this inscription confirms the statement made in other records of Gangayasahini that his territory extended from Panugallu (in District Nalgonda) to Marjavadi (in District Cuddapah). The Kayasthas served as subordinate chief under the Kakatiyas.

1258 AD - 1266 AD : Kayastha Jannigadeva (Gangayasahani sisters eldest son) 

Credited with the title of “right hand of Ganapatideva” and granted the village Pondaiur to SantativadetRai

1266 AD - 1269 AD : Sarangapani Deva son of the Seuna king Singhana
1267 AD : Inscription of Sarangapani Deva in the temple of Chaya Somanatha at Panugal of Nalgonda district dated 1267 A.D. which registers a gift of land to the temple by Sarangapanideva son of Seuna king Singhana a subordinate of the Kakatiya Manma Rudradeva which is the same as Rudramadevi. Evidently Sarangapanideva who had seized the fort of Panugal realised that it would be impossible for him to exercise independence without accepting the suzerainty of the Kakatiya queen. In a similar manner it is possible that other Yadava feudatories who might have been exercising control over the Raichur doab might also have accepted the overlordship of the Kakatiyas.

1269 AD - 1270 AD : Gandapendara Jannigadevaraja
1269 AD ; Durgi, Palnad Taluk, Guntur District.
This inscription is on a slab in the temple of Gopalaswami, dated S. 1191 (Sukla). States that, while Rudrama-Mahadevi, the pattoddhati (?) of Gaṇapatideva, was ruling at Orugallu and her servant Gandapendara Jannigadevaraja was governing the country from Panungallu to Marjavada, karagam Namaya consecrated the image of Gopinatha at Dugya in Pallinadu and made grants of land and assigned certain taxes for its worship.

1270 AD - 1289 AD : Cheraku Mallikarjuna Nayaka son of Bolla 

26th December, A.D. 1271 : Irvin, Kalwakurthy
This inscription is on a pillar in the midst of the village. This inscription records a gift of land to God Indresvara by mahasamanta Vavilala Rudraya reddi for the merit of his sister Rudrasani. This inscription refers to the fact that there were matrimonial alliances between Cheraku and Vavilala families

Immadi Mallikarjuna nayaka son of mallikarujuna nayaka who was the minister of the king, made the gift of vrittis of wet land behind the Udayadity- samudra, arranged five special canal facility to that big land.

Nov 27, 1289 AD Chandupatla Inscription - Chandupatla Village , Nakrekal Mandal, Nalgonda District: As per this inscription, His nephew, Ambadeva declared his independence from Kakatiyas and Rudrama Devi personally led the army to crush the rebellion. It looks like Rudrama Devi died in her attempt to crush the rebellion, most probably killed, along with a General Mallikarjuna Nayudu on 27 November 1289, but there was no mention of the reason and the place of her death.

1289 AD - 1323 AD : Cheraku Immadi Mallikarjuna Nayaka son of Mallikarjuna Nayaka

16th May A.D. 1290. Panugallu.
This inscription is on a pillar in the compound of Chhaya-Somesvara temple. Records that, while Kakatiya Kumara Rudradeva was ruling the kingdom of the world, his subordinate Immadi Mallikarjuna Nayaka, son of Mallikarjuna Nayaka who bore the titles nissanka-Vira and Rayasthapanacharya and grandson of Bollasenapati, the minister of the king, made the gift of some virittis of wetland behind the Udayaditya-samudra for the anga and ranga-bhogas of Chhaya-Somanatha of Panugallu so that merit might accrue to the king. The inscription also describes the genealogy of the royal family beginning with Kakatiya Ganapati. His son was Rudradeva (Rudramba), whose daughter's son was the king Rudradeva.

1325 AD - 1361 AD : Recherla Singama nayaka-I

1361 AD - 1384 AD : Recherla Mada Nayaka I

1384 AD - 1410 AD : Vedagiri I

1397 AD : Immadu Bukka or Bukkaraya II reign Harihara II Sangama Dynasty of Vijayanagara

Son : Anantha

30th December, A.D. 1397 : Panugallu, Kollapur 

The record refers to the reign of Harihara II, son of Bukka of the Sangama dynasty of Vijayanagara. The object of the inscription is to record the conquest of Panugallu by the Dviguna-Bukka. The details of the date of the conquest are given as Saka 1319 (expressed by chronogram), Isvara, Pausha (Sahasya), su. 11(Sambhor=dina), Sunday, corresponding to the 30th December 1397 A.D.

The epigraph is important in that it records the conquest of Panagulla in Saka 1319 by Imamadi-Bukka during the time of Harihara II and mentions for the first time Ananta, the son of Immadi-Bukka during the time of Harihara II and mentions for the first time, the son of Immadi-Bukka.

1424 AD - 1446 AD : Deva Raya II of Sangama Dynasty of Vijayanagara 
1424 AD : Dated in Saka 1346 during the rule of Devaraya, another epigraph records the construction of the temple of Mukti-Ramesvara by Devanarayana, belonging to a Brahmana family from Kasmira, who was the governor of the fort and who claims to have destroyed the army of Firuz Shah.

Ibrahim Qutb Shah

1551 AD : Sayyid Shah Mir Isfahani, son of Sayyad Ahmad Tababai
15th September, 1551 A.D: His Honour (lit. His Refuge), the wielder of authority, Sayyid Shah Mir Isfahani, son of Sayyad Ahmad Tababai (may he be blessed !) rebuilt the embankment of the Pangal tank, which had fallen out of repair through age, and spent money (on this work) from recompense in the next life. The person who worked hard and supervised 2 Sluices : an artificial passage for water fitted with a valve or gate for stopping or regulating flow.103 (the repairs) was Rahmat Ullah, son of Abdul Karim Khwan Shahi (?). The embankment was breached from …… to the boundary of the river Krishna and water flowed from the tank 

through the breach (of the dyke) to the town of Pangal………. The share of Musalmans from (the lands of) the tank…….. remain

1571 AD : The Persian version of a bilingual epigraph from Pangal, recording the repairs of a dam
etc., which was noticed earlier, was re-examined. It was found to contain the date A.H. 978. and Shuhur 971 (A.D. 1571) and not A.H. 958. It was also found to contain the additional information that all the lands from the embankment of (the river) Mushi in Induparal (Yindupukela of the Telugu version) to the bank of the Krishna river (irrigated) by the canals, tanks and ponds are subject to dastband (levy) revertible to qasba Pangal and (from the revenue cess of the lands irrigated) by the dam the Muslims and the king and Hindus would have some share.

Muhammad Quli Padshah. 

1602 AD : Narasanayaka

1602 AD : Mangalapalli.
While Mohmmad Quli Padshah was ruling the kingdom and Narasanayaka of Panugallu was administering the Nalgonda Faujdar Mokhasa, the latter's servant Chama Venkaṭaya son of Sarvaya caused the well to be dug near the Siva - Kesava (temple), and installed the Vinayaka pillar and a garden. The garden is exempt from ari and koru. Certain Kasa Ainavolu Potana is said to have made the Vinayaka pillar.

Panugal-1000

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Haihaya Chiefs

Heheya Kingdom (also known as Haihaya, Haiheya, Heiheya, etc.) is one of the kingdoms ruled by Chandravanshi (Yadava) kings in central and western India. The Puranas style the Haihayas as the first ruling dynasty of Avanti.

Mahishmati was an ancient city and the capital of Haihayas in the present-day central India on the banks of Narmada River, although its exact location is uncertain. 

A number of early medieval dynasties, which include the Kalachuris and the Mushakavamsha Mushika Kingdom of Kerala, claimed their descent from the Haihayas.

Kartavirya Arjuna

Niladhwaja in Mahismati

Suradeva of Ratanpur conquered Telingana

Haihayas were subdued in the seventh century by Vinayaditya, the Western Chalukya king Vinayaditya, and Mahishmati was incorporated in his kingdom. The Haihaya chiefs then served as governors under the Chalukyas.

Aralu Branch(Sedam, Chitpur in Kalaburagi district in Karnataka)

Aralu 300 region

Chanda, Nimba, Allapuli, Chanda bhupalaka II, Ayyana, Muvadi ganda, Revarasa

1038 AD  - 1054 AD: Revarasa

Wife : Maliyabbarasi

1042 AD : One of them , belonging to Yewur and dated 1042 , states that he was the subordinate of Jayasimha II and that he was the son of Chanda .

24 Dec 1054 AD : Kembhavi Inscription Chanda, Nimba, Allapuli, Chanda bhupalaka II, Ayyana, Muvadi ganda, Revarasa

1035 AD - 1058 AD : Anemarasa I  or Yanemarasa I

1035 - 1038 : Kanduru Anemarasa : Record from Mallesvaram Saka 955 and Saka 960 

1058 AD An inscription found at Nagai in Gulbarga dated 1058 AD, Ayyarasa of Haihaya family was ruling Kandurnadu under Somesvara I.

1058 AD - 1071 AD Bacharasa
Queen Kalabbarasi
Bacharasa issued an inscription in his own name- without mentioning his overlords , the Chalukyas of Kalyana . This inscription from Ingalgi in Chitpur has a date corresponding to 1071 A.D.

1096 AD - 1104 AD : Anemarasa II  or Yanemarasa II

Mahamandelesvara Anemarasa was the successor of Bacharasa. He appears in 1096 AD as the subordinate of Chalukya Vikramaditya VI

Kammaravadi Inscription, the reign of Tribhuvanamalla (Vikramditya VI) mentions Yanemarasa of the Haihaya Vamsa with the title of ' Lord of Mahishmati ' . He was ruling in 1104 A.D. , the territory in the neighbourhood of Kammaravadi in the old Hyderabad State

Sankarasa

Bijjarasa II (Son Lokaditya)
Lokadityarasa (Bijja ankakara)

1129 AD : Mallidevarasa

As per Hirebudanur inscription, ruling Mahishmati

1142 AD : Rayaparaja

25th June 1142 AD : Peddavuru, Nalgonda.
This inscription is in Telugu prose and dated Saka 1064, Dundubhi Ashadha Sukla 1, Thursday (A.D. 1142, June 25). It records a grant of two mattars of land to the god Kamisvara of the village Uriya (Peddavuru) for the daily worship etc., by Mahamandalesvara Rayapa Raju of the Haihaya dynasty. The donor is attributed with all the prasasti commonly met with in the epigraphs of the Haihaya dynasty.

2nd July 1142 AD : This inscription is set up in front of Vishnu Kameswara temple. The inscription begins with the usual prasasti of the Haihaya kings and introduces Mahamandalesvara Rayaparaja who is stated to have made a gift of sixty puttis and two marturs vritti for the worship and offerings to the god Kamesvaradeva of Uriya in Gidvaka of the kings of his family.

1158 AD : Anemarasa III younger brother of lokaditya

Anemarasa II succeeded Lokaditya and he was a Mahamandaleshvara under Chalukya king Taila II in 1158 AD

Sons Bijjarasa, Yecharasa

ViraBijjarasa (Bijjarasa III,Anegadeva) (1209, 1221AD)(Queen Slriyadevi)
Yecharasa (Son Kacharasa)
Kacharasa (1212AD)

Suriyaraja
Battuvariguda, Miryalaguda Taluk. : Haihaya Chiefs
This inscription is on a slab in front of the Kameswara temple. The inscription begins with the prasasti of the Haihayas and seems to record the gift of some gold gadyas to the god of Uriya (i.e. Pedda uru) by Suriyaraja. Other details are not known and the last portion is unintelligible.

The Gonas or Konas (1190 AD - 1294 AD), of Haihaya descent, are the feudatories of Kakatiyas.

A Kona Rajendra choda Vennachodaya bearing the Kona Haihaya prasasti and his wife Nimmale Devi, daughter of Premkanti Virappa Reddi are mentioned in a record from Draksharama dated A.D. 1237. Vennachoda’s relationship to the main line is not known. A Kona Betaraja figures in a record from Kumaradevam dated A.D. 1247.

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