Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary Gottam Gutta

Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Kalaburagi district of Karnataka in the Kalyana Karnataka region of India is known as the "Ooty of Telangana" located near Zaheerabad, Sangareddy District of Telangana State, India. Name ‘Ooty of Telangana” is a misnomer, as the place is actually in the state of Karnataka in the border of Telangana.

This forest is home to a wide variety of plants and animals, including medicinal herbs, red sandalwood, and teak trees.

Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary was declared a sanctuary in 2011and extends over 134.88 Sq.kms. It is the first dry land Wildlife Sanctuary in South India. This is the only area in the Hyderabad Karnataka Region with rich floristic diversity.

The forest hosts rich biodiversity. Apart from medicinal herbs and trees, species like Red Sanders and Sandalwood are found abundantly. The Sanctuary has good dry deciduous and Moist deciduous forest in the core with Acacia and Teak plantations on the fringes. Apart from Chandrampalli dam, four small dams exist at its Centre. The forest is also home to fauna like Black Buck, Common Fox, Four-horned Antelope, Fruit bat, Hyena, Indian Wolf etc. Over 35 species of birds, including Black Drongo, Black-winged Kite, Blossom – headed Parakeet, Blue pigeon, Black-headed Oriole and Grey partridge are also found in this Sanctuary.

Highlights of Chincholi Wildlife SanctuarySafe haven for Wolf and Hyena: Wolves and Hyenas are the primary attractions of the Wildlife Sanctuary.

Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary in Kalaburagi have documented the presence of dholes (wild dogs) in the Kalyana-Karnataka region

Similarity with Western Ghats: Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary is the only area in Hyderabad-Karnataka region to have several features of forests in Western Ghats.

Spread over five blocks: Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary consists of five blocks- Chincholi Forest, Sangapura Forest, Bhonsapur Forest, Magdumpur Forest and Shadipur forest.

Rich Flora: Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary is home to dry and moist deciduous trees in its core zone and teak, acacia plantations in the outer area. Medicinal herbs, sandalwood and red sanders trees are also found in this Wildlife Sanctuary.

Gottam Gutta is Located at a distance of 25 Kms from Zaheerabad and 7 KMs from Chandrapalli, this is a beautiful destination. It is not too frequented by tourists. Perfectly placed on the Chandrampally reservoir on River Bhima, this is a pearl for travellers. Gottam Gutta is 135 Kms away from Hyederabad and is a perfect place for a weekend getaway. It’s a beautiful forested area where anybody would love to camp and thoroughly enjoy a night of adventure with a whole bunch of friends. It’s like Mother Nature is there to cater to your excitement requirements and she positively smiles at you when she sees you all happy. The tourist spot is situated amidst the thick green trees and natural beauty makes it an ideal place for trekkers and adventurers. The Forests are a preferred destination for tourists, who are looking to spend some time closer to nature. There are some historical temples in vicinity.

Gottam Gutta is plush emerald and the huge water body always glows. It is like the sun and the moon have some sort of a scheme to make the surface perpetually sparkle. All you need is a book to read and a heart to let go of other thoughts. Time never flies faster and if you're in a mood to explore, you are quite lucky. This place has a gorgeous waterfall and beautiful tiny temples. There are decadent parks and adequate water facilities that have wonderfully been extended to the animals as well. So basically, everybody is happy and that shows since there is something magical about the place and you just cannot help feeling euphoric even you try really hard not to. Gottam Gutta is about 135 KMs from Hyderabad

Hyderabad –> Zaheerabad –> Mogudumpalli –> GottamGutta –> Chincholi Sanctuary –> Ethipothala


Hyderabad > Sangareddy > Zaheerabad > Govindapur > Mogudampalli > Chincholi wildlife sanctuary > Gottam Gutta

Stay : Cottages available at Chandrampalli dam (Camping Not Allowed) , Food is available at nearby village.


Activities : Bird watching, short hike, waterfall visit

you can visit Ananthagiri hills on the way back to Hyderabad


Chandrampalli Dam : Chandrampalli Dam is built across the Bhima River. The dam is located in Chandrampalli village of Chincholi taluq under the Gulbarga district of Karnataka. As one of the main dams in the district, dam is responsible for the irrigation of several villages in Chincholi taluka..


From chincholi to chandrampalli which is around 20 km 30 min. we have to enter Karnataka in order to reach that place.( No major check posts on the way so any vehicle can pass through easily). We took a walk on the dam till its end it was really cool. Chincholi range can be seen from the dam. There are 3 cottages available (Belongs to Karnataka Tourism) for the travelers who are willing to stay over night. We spent few hours of quality time over there and started to Ethipothala.


Ethipothala : It is locally named as Ethipothala (other than one at Nagarjuna sagar) according to its geographical location. Although we have map sometimes we won’t find the exact route without help of locals. Finally after getting directions from multiple people we reached the place.


Trekking : 4 Hours (8Kms) - A trail exists inside the wildlife sanctuary , providing individuals an ideal trekking experience through nature. The route passes through various habitats like the wooded forests, grassland, gorges, dry deciduous forests, teak plantations, bamboo thickets, and rocky outcrops of Chincholi Wildlife Sanctuary. It provides a wonderful opportunity to explore unique trees, insects, reptiles, birds, mammals, and other resources of the forest in a single walk. Interesting Features: Jalari trees, pristine forests, perennial water bodies, undulating landscapes and rugged terrain, evidences of wildlife, and chirping of birds all along the way.
https://www.karnatakaecotourism.com/treksdetail/TRK147


https://saichintala.com/2020/09/20/chincholi-ooty-of-telangana/

https://bcfblogs.com/2020/07/23/one-day-trip-to-chincholi-wild-life-sanctuary-chandrampalli-dam-and-ethipothala-waterfalls-2/

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Sadashivpet - Sarvatobhadra town design

Sadashivpet  or Sadasivapet is a town in Sangareddy district of Telangana, was planned on the basis of ‘Sarvatobhadra’ town design. 

Sarvatobhadra is typically suited for big towns and villages, where the site selected for planning a town/village is a square If you log on to Google Earth to search Sadasivapet, a town in Sangareddy district of Telangana, you will be surprised to find an exhilarating chequered square locket studded with diamonds tagged to a black cord that is national Highway No.9 connecting Hyderabad and Mumbai, surrounded by natural landscape.

This town conceived and founded by Rani Lingayamma daughter of Sadashiva Reddy (1632-1650) during her regime between 1680-1692. Raminedu, one of the ancestors of Sadashiva Reddy was gifted Kalpagooru Pargana by Sultan Ferosah of Bahmani Sultanate during 1400 – 1450 AD after the downfall of Recherla Padmanayaka Kings, who ruled the present Medak area.

Kakatiya kings reigned this area prior to the conquer by the Sultans - Andole was the capital and Sadashiva Reddy was the 5th ruler in the hierarchy of Raminedu. The present population is 45,500 as per 2011 census. The town is located at 1755 ft from sea level and its latitude and longitude are 17.400N and 77.580E respectively. In the ancient Vaastu texts like Manasara, Silparatna, Mayamata and Viswakarma Vaastu Shastra, different types of plans for Pattana, Nagaraa and Grama were described.

According to Manasara there are eight types of plans for designing towns 

1. Dandaka
2. Sarvatobhadra, 
3. Nandyavartha, 
4. Padmaka, 
5. Swastika, 
6. Prastara, 
7. Karmuka, 
8. Chaturmukha. 

Sadasivapet is planned as Sarvatobhadra type. This type of plan is adopted to design larger villages and also towns, where the selected site is a square. It is chessboard pattern town (grid-iron) with 10 divisions on each side making total 100 divisions facing to coordinal points.

In the ancient days if it is adopted by a town then a fort wall was constructed around it with ramparts and moat all around, but for villages, rampant and moat were not necessary. 

The central space called Brahmasthana should be occupied by a temple. 

Sadasivapet is divided into 10 divisions on each side. It is surrounded by a fort wall with four gates on four sides. The roads are laid exactly facing North – South and East-West direction. In central Space, which is called Brahmastana according to the Vaastu Shastras, a temple for Shiva was constructed. 

The specialty of this town is, it is satisfying the requirements of Koorma Vrusta Vaastu. In this, the central place (Brahmastana) will be at a higher level and the four sides and four corner points will be at low level. 

The central point of Sadasivapet is 25 feet elevated from the periphery. This is an eye-opener to the present day Vaastu Pandits who preach day and night that south-west (Niruthi) of the site must be higher and Northeast (Eeshanya) should be at lower level. 

This town is occupied by houses of various descriptions and inhabited by all classes of people as prescribed by Manasara. 

Jaipur Four to five decades after the founding of Sadasivapet, the old Jaipur in Rajasthan, was founded on November 17, 1727 by King Sawai Jai Singh (1700-1743). The architect for conceiving the plan of that town was Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. Many scholars have attributed the basic concept plan of Old Jaipur as being a Prastara type of mandala mentioned in Manasara, one of the ancient treatises on Hindu town planning. The scholars say that Prastara plan is both square or oblong in form and divided into four, nine or 16 major wards by an appropriate number of roads, which run East-West and North-South and the wards in turn planned as a chessboard pattern. Wards with the larger size plots are for people of higher ranks while the smaller plots are inhabited by people of lower ranks. 

In 1946, M Fayazuddin, the then town planner to the Nizam’s local government published a surveyed map of Sadasivapet showing the road pattern and physical development. This plan shows vacant areas in South-East and North-East corners utilised for cultivation. A temple is shown in the centre of the city which is called Brahmastana(at present there is no such temple) and to the south East corner of Brahmastana ward is shown occupied by Gadi, which is supposed to be occupied by the ruler of the town. And different wards were shown as occupied by Vyshyas, Gold Smiths, Black Smiths, Stone Cutters, Kassabins (Katika), Hunters, Weekly Market, etc. 

The highest contour level is 1785 at the centre of the town, 1760 near the periphery of the town. The town was encircled with a fort wall comprising four gates on four sides leading to Nandi Kandi on East, Siddapuram on South, Kohir on West, Atmakur on North. Presently, there are no such gateways. 

After scrutinising the town map in Google Earth and the map prepared by M Fayazuddin, it is found that during the last six decades buildings have come up in the cultivated lands and spread outside the fort walls in a haphazard manner due to the urbanisation. One more unique thing of Sadasivpet is the usage of ancient land measuring unit called Nivarthana for each ward. 

Nivarthana is an area measuring unit in the medieval period. One 40 yds x 40 yds. This was mentioned in Abhona plates inscription of the Kalachuri ruler Sankaragana of 597 AD. (Source 1) Most of the wards of this town confirm to the Nivarthana measurement served by roads of 5 dandas (30ft) of width. Two main roads passing through the center of the town are 6 dandas (36ft). Generally, in town planning, the method of using rectangular blocks is in vogue. For instance, the contemporary Indian city, Chandigarh is planned with rectangular blocks measuring half a mile by three-fourth mile. But using square blocks is a unique concept. Further study regarding the sub-division of these blocks may reveal some innovative concept of ancient day Indian Planning. 

In independent India, no other ancient city other than Jaipur invited so much attention from the scholars, architects and town planners for its unique town planning based on the tenets of Vaastu Shastras. But only a few know that there is also one ancient town called Sadasivapet in Telangana built as per the principles of ancient science called Vaastu Shastras based on ancient land measuring unit, Nivarthana. 

The Government should take appropriate action to conserve this town for its uniqueness in town planning for the posterity. 

By: Avala Buchi Reddy The writer is former chairman of Indian Institute of Architects A.P. Chapter (1992-94).

https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2017-03-18/Sadasivpet-A-unique-ancient-town/287741?infinitescroll=1

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Kailash Fort

Kailash Fort is just 160 km from Hyderabad on the Hyderabad-Sangareddy-Nanded road but hardly anyone knows about the 9th century fort constructed by Rashtrakutas. The fort has wells, temples, dargahs, cannons and godowns. 

1857-58 AD :  Raja Kunwar Deep Singh Gaur

The fort has a rich history and rose to prominence in 1857-58, Raja Kunwar Deep Singh Gaur trained troops inside the fort and was later poisoned for three years.

Col A K Singh, the 10th generation scion of the Gaur Rajputs is now fighting a lone battle to save the fort from crumbling. He says, “The fort is unique in many ways, it has the longest cannon in Telangana, has 52 bastions and the fort is oval shaped and is approximately 1500 mtrs long and 1000 metres wide.

It has the potential to become a major tourist attraction only if the government is willing.” Neglected and forsaken, the fort is surrounded by three water bodies and two temples; Balaji mandir and Ram and Hanuman mandir. “The 1000 year old Balaji mandir and the longest cannon can be major attractions.

The fort can be developed as an eco-tourist spot as there is jungle area, ample provision for trekking and enough flora and fauna, avers Jaswant Singh, a resident of Toopran.

https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2015-06-06/A-unique-fort-lies-neglected/155708

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Sangareddy District History

Sangareddy district, is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. This district contains a part of the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region. The district shares boundaries with Medak, Medchal, Vikarabad, Kamareddy and Rangareddy districts and with the state boundary of Karnataka.
Sangareddy District is bifurcated from Medak district according to G.O.M.S 239; Dt: 11-10-2016 by Government of Telangana. Medak district is divided into three districts. They are Sangareddy District
Medak District, Siddipet District

Sangareddy Municipality was constituted in 1954 and is classified as a first grade municipality with 31 election wards. The jurisdiction of the civic body is spread over an area of 13.69 km (5.29 sq mi).
Economy

IIT Hyderabad was established in 2008 near to Sangareddy at Kandi Mandal. And also JNTUH College of Engineering Sultanpur at Sultanpur which is near by the city has been established recently.
Road

Kosavala or Kasavula-70 which corresponds to the present day combined districts of Medak (Medaku-30)  and Nizamabad

753 AD - 973 AD : Rashtrakuta defeated Badami Chalukyas in 753 AD.
Founder : Dantidurga
939 AD - 967 AD : Krishna III

946 AD : Kommana of Panduravadi 30th August, 946 AD : Mallikarjun Palli, Sadasivapeta
Kannada and Telugu-Kannada. This inscription is inscribed on a stone slab in front of the Mallikarjuna Swamy temple. And very much worn out. Mentions Maha Samantha Kommana of Panduravadi, who made a gift of wetland measuring 2 marttars as siddhaya as per the thirty span rod, the rajamana in the grama Baliya Pipparige after washing the feet of Bankeyabhattaraka of Isvaralaya. Also refers to Rechayya of the Ayyavamsa, making a (details not legible) corollary gift of land in the grama of Pipparige.

In about 974 the Nolambas were overrun by the Ganga king Marasimha, who boasts of having destroyed the Nolamba family and had the title Nolambakulantaka. He actually ruled for a time over the Nolambavadi country among other provinces. Next, not long after this Ganga conquest, the Cholas appear to have started spreading their tentacles in the Nolamba regions.

We do have inscriptions indicating conflicts between Cholas and the Nolambas. In at least two records from the Kolar district we have a Nolamdhiraja Chorayya as a Nolamba-Pallava ruler under Chola Rajaraja in 1010 AD. It is only after the revival and re-establishment of the Chalukya power in the north that Nolamba Pallavas went over from the Cholas to Chalukyas. But with the change in their allegiance there was a change in their capital to Kampala on the Tungabhadra, to the west of Bellary

Nolamba chiefs, subordinate to the Ganga kings

973 AD - 1163 AD ( 973 AD - 1200 AD) : Western Chalukyas of Kalyani
Founder : Tailapa II
973 - 997 AD : Tailapa II
973 AD : Mahamandalesvara Soma Permanadi or Somarasar
10th April, A.D. 973 : Koraprolu, Medak District.
This inscription is dated S. 895, Srimukha Vaisakha su. 5, Thursday. (A.D. 973, April 10). The king's feudatory, Mahamandalesvara Soma Permanadi was governing Koraprola in Kasavula-seventy from the capital Koraprola. The inscription records land grants to the god Bibbesvara constructed by his father Bibbarasa. This is the earliest record of the Chalukyas of Kalyana in Telangana as it is dated in the regnal year of Tailapa II, the founder of the Chalukya dynasty.

Revarasa ruler of Medaku-30 belonged to Maṭura vamsa, with his headquarters at Balia Ravipol. 

979 AD : Revarasa 25th March, A.D. 979 : Sitarampalli, Gazvel Taluk, Medak.
The inscription is on a pillar in the fields of Narasayya. It records the gift of Veluru agrahara, in confirmation of the earlier one, made in favour of Pambalapala Vennayya, the brahmana, by Samkaraganda, in the cyclic year Vrishabha [921 A.D.] The present donor Revarasa ruler of Medaku-30 belonged to Maṭura vamsa, with his headquarters at Balia Ravipol. The members who confirmed the gift were the eight Prabhus and one hundred mahajanas of Velluru. The actual gift comprised the Siddhaya, accrued out of the lands which include Regadu. The gift was made in the presence of Adityaya, Revayaegavunda, Kuchiraju of Ravipol, Doppelige Naranayya, Bejaya Gavunda, and Tooparani Buyyana Gavunda. The gift was made under the orders of King Ahavamalla. The executors of the gift were Korapara Revarasa, Chavundayya, Kuchiraju, Gundamayya manevergade and Gunasagarabhatta. This record is important as it contains the earliest reference to Medak-300.

987 AD : Somayyarasa
23rd May, A.D. 987 : Betolu, Sangareddy
This inscription is on the hill called Jinjarakonda, outside the village. The record mentions a gift made by Somayyarsar, feudatory of Ahavamalladeva [Tailapa-II] belonging to the lineage of the Chalukyas and Thippaiah and his son Gundaiah, measuring 2 matters of Neerunela and 30 matters of black soil to the teacher Somanabhatta who belonged to the Mulasangha of Yapaniya gachcha of Medak. It also mentions a Jaina Basadi in Medak.

997 - 1008 AD : Satyasraya
1008 - 1015 AD : Vikramaditya V
1006 AD - 1017 AD : maha samantha Gangayyarasa or Gangaiah rasar
September 26, 1006 AD : Saka 928, registers the gift of the village Koduru given to Brahmalingabhatta belonging to the temple of Gangesvera at Pottalakere by the maha samantha Gangayyarasa.

The second inscription, registers the grant of lands at Vendikola by gangayyarasa to the deity Ramesavaradeva of Polparela-tirtha. The gift was entrusted to the Jaina pontiff Vimalachandrapanditabhattarka of Soma-Jinalaya, for the merit of Somayyarasa.

1009 AD : Koduru, Pulkal Mandal, Sangareddy : Engraved on a slab lying on bund of the village tank, the record is dated Saka 931 (1009 AD) and states that when Chalukya king Irivabedemgadeva was staying in his transit camp Ravulakonde, maha samantha Gangayyarasa made the grant of the village Kolur to the deity Ramesvara of Chelevarala on the day of Tula Samkranti.

1010 AD : Ghatiyankakara - During the reign of Vikramaditya V, 'Tribhuvanamalla' (A.D.1010) Pallava Iriva Ghatiyankakaradeva Nolambadhiraja was ruling over Nolamba Padi-32000 and other places around (SII IX I No. 79). His subordinate, the Mahasamantadhipati, Maha Prachanda Dandanayaka Ghatiyankakara Brahmadhiraja called Venniya bhattaraka, a brahman, received certain lands from the people of Alur. Here it is not known whether the term means a name or a title but in the case of the subordinate it is definitely a title indicating his subordinate position to his overlord.

1012 AD : Somarasa Punyamkora, the great prime minister of Pallavarasa era 933 on the full moon Sunday of Falguna month (February 10, 1012) during the lunar eclipse, washed the feet of Somanatha

1015 AD : Ayyana
Rajendra Chola of Chola dynasty killed Ayyana in battle and occupied Kollipaka region.

1015 - 1042 AD : Jayasimha II also known as Jagadhekamalla I and Mallikamoda
Jayasimha II fought with cholas and recaptured kollipaka region.

Jayasimha II was a brother of Vikramiditya V in an inscription from Shimoga district he is stated to have been known as Nolamba-Pallava Permanadi, being the son of a Pallava princess.
1012AD - 1069 AD : Mahamandalesvara Pamparasar or Pampa Permanadi or Pallavarasa
1012 AD : The inscription, written in Telugu-Kannada script and Kannada language, records the ritual performed on the Lunar Eclipse in the month of Falguna, 1012 AD when Pallavarasa washed the feet and worshipped Somanatha Guru and donated approximately ninety acres of land to him.

1042 - 1068 AD : Someswara I

1014 AD - 1069 AD : Mahamandalesvara Pamparasar or Pampa Permanadi or Pallavarasa
Chief : 1017 AD - 1034 AD : Bijjayyarasa
1017 AD : Saka 939, Registers the grant of lands at Vendikola by Gangayyarasa to the deity of Ramesavaradeva of Polparela-tirtha

1017 AD : Vendikola, Pulkal Mandal, Sangareddy.
Of the two kannada inscriptions,on two different stones set up in the field outside the village, belonging to the Chalukya chief Irivabedemgadeva and dated Saka 939, Parabhava corresponding to AD 1017, the first on records the grant of lands at Vendikola by Bijjayyarasa to soma-Jinalaya.

23rd December A.D. 1014. : This inscription is on a stone set up in front of the Dhvajastambha of the temple, dated S. 936; Nala, Uttarayana Samkranti, Thursday. [A.D. not verifiable, Ananda corresponds to S. 936 and Uttarayana Samkranti falls on Friday A.D. 1014 Dec. 24]. Records the gift of the village Kovuru to the god Namesvara after washing the feet of Vakhana (Vrishana ?) deva of Kiriya Kandi by Mahamandalesvara Pampa Permadi. A grant for feeding fifty Ascetics and students was also made by other chiefs.

23rd May, A.D. 1026 : Mubarakpur, Sangareddy
This inscription is on a pillar lying in the fields outside the village. The inscription records the gift of land measuring 10 mattars in the grama (name lost) within Kasavula to Ayyana basadi by Pampa permmanadi after washing the feet of Rama Chandra Siddhanta Bhattaraka of Kanurgana.

18th June, A.D. 1046 : Gorrekal, Andole Taluk
This inscription is on three pieces of a pillar in the Village. The inscription is broken into pieces and hence fragmentary. Seems to record land gift by Vema Permanadi, in the village Bhojanadendi. The said donor was in the service of Pampa Pernmadi.

30th January, A.D. 1050. [According to Northern cycle, it corresponds to 21st February, A.D. 1048] : Nagulapalli, Sangareddy
This inscription is on a pillar in the Hanuman Temple. The inscription registers the gift of Pannasa land measuring 150 marttars in the grama of Pattala, included in Kolkuru-42 to Somesvara Pandita, as gurudakshina for imparting education [vidyadana], after washing his feet, by Bibbesvara, who was in the service of Pampa Permanadi, the holder of Bidina vritti. The said gift was made under the orders of Pampa Permanadi, ruler of Kasavulanadu Savalakkebada in the temple of god Somesvara. Also registers the gift of land measuring four hundred marttars to the one hundred twenty two Panditas headed by Chakrapani Pandita. 150 Prabhugamundugalu, headed by Kondisetti and Kammakallasetti were witnesses to the above gift.

1050 AD : Kolluru
Dated Saka 972 (A.D. 1050) the inscription registers some gift (details lost) by Pampa Pennmanadi on the occasion of Pattoddhati of the Yuvaraja Bijjarasa while Trailokya Malladevarasa was ruling the kingdom.

1050 AD : Kolkuru : Dated Saka 972 the inscription registers some gift by Pampa Pennmanadi on the occasion of Pattoddhati of the Yuvaraja Bijjarasa while Trailokyamalladevarasa was ruling the kingdom

26th March A.D. 1057 : Ramesvaram, Sangareddi
States that during the reign of Trailokyamalla, a grant of 26 mas was made in Mirdol of Migalanadu to Somesvara Pandita of Pottalakeri modern Patancheru. Also contains another grant of land, a garden measuring 6 mas. under Hiriyakalwa, and at various other places, pampana palli in Lambhulikinadu, by mahamandalesvara Pamparasar, to the God Pandhesvara.

1064 AD : Chandrasekhara Choda Maharaja
3rd May, A.D. 1064 : Gaudacherla, Sangareddy
The inscription is on a pillar lying in the fields bearing S.NO. 519 at the entrance of the village. It registers the gift of six marttars of gadde land under the catchment area of the tank, situated to the west of the village, for the five temples [Panchsalayas] names not given by a certain Maramayya of Piriya Gandi, while Chandrasekhara Choda Maharaja, a Telugu-Choda chief was administering the area.

1064 AD : Gaudacherla, Medak.
Belonging to the time of Trailokyamalla Somesvara of the Western Chalukyas and dated the Saka year 986, the record, which is a prasasti, states the existence of a hitherto unknown feudatory by name Chandra Nekhara Chola of the Telugu Chola family.

24th December, A.D. 1064 : Nagarkurnool
Begins with the Western Ganga prasasti and introduces Chalukya prince Ganga Permanadi Vikramadityadeva and Trailokyamalla Nolamba Permanadi Jayasimghadeva. These (two) Princes, while advancing for the victorious battle with the Cholas, were camping at the nelavidu Manchala, with their permission and at the instance of Choudhara RevadiharaBhadiesvara certain chief...... is said to have made through the (above) two princes a gift of the village Pullimjelu to certain Bhimarasi Pandita for maintaining a chatra at Srisailam.

1064 AD : maha mandalesvara Somapermanadi
20th December, A.D. 1064. : Antwar, Narayankhed, Medak District.
Telugu and Kannada.
This inscription begins with the usual prasasti of the Western Chalukyas and also that while Somesvara I Trailokyamalla was ruling, mentions his fedatory, maha mandalesvara Somapermanadi, who probably made a grant. Details of the grant are not clear.

1069 AD : Kohir, Zaheerabad Taluk
This inscription is in forsides of a slab built into the Virasangayya-katta. Lower portion of the slab is broken and lost. Seems to register a gift to a basadi constructed by padavala Chavundamayya a disciple of Subhachandra-siddhantadeva. Refers to Pampapermanadi who was a subordinate of the king.

1068 - 1076 AD : Someswara II
1069 AD - 1077 AD: Mahasamantha Aggalarasa

1069 AD: Sirur, Narayankhed This inscription is on a broken slab now kept near the Singoor Project house. Incomplete. The inscription gives the Prasasti of mahasamanta Aggalarasa, a follower of the Jain goddess Padmavati. It seems to register the gift of gadde land to some deity, not specified.

1074 AD : Singur, Sangareddy : Saka 995, it states that while chalukya bhuvanaikamalla camping at Vankapura, mahasamantha Aggalarasa made grant of lands to Dharmasagra Siddhantadeva

1074 AD : Sirur, Narayankhed
This inscription is on a pillar in the donka outside the village. The inscription registers the gift of garden lands and house plots for residence and feeding the students and (rishis) by maha samanta Aggalayya, at the instance of his brother. In this, Aggalarasa is praised for his proficiency in medicine. The said gift was placed in the custody of Dharmasagara Siddhanta Deva of Sri Yapaniya samgha and Maduvagana. The donor himself was an ardent worshipper of Jaina Sasanadevi and Bahubali. The verses extol the heroic qualities of Aggalarasa and philanthropic qualities of Vallikambe, his wife.

Registers the gift of land for dwelling purpose and garden land to Dharmasagara Siddhanta Deva of Madhuvagana and Sri Yapaniyasangha and for the daily offerings of Bahubali by Aggalarasa, the Mahasamantadhipati at the request of his brother (name not mentioned) for feeding the Mendicants on the occasion of Lunar eclipse. Aggalarasa is extolled in chaste Kannada verses.

1076 - 1126 AD : Vikramaditya VI
1077 AD - 1084 AD : Nolamba-Pallava Permanadi or Vikramaditya VI younger brother Jayasimha IV
1084 AD - 1098 AD : Mahamandalesvara Ahavamalla Permanadi or Valakkamalla
1098 AD - 1122 AD : Mallarasa or Mahadevarasar
6th August A.D. 1077 : Hyderabad Museum
This inscription is in the State Museum, dated C.V.E. I, Pingala, sravana Purnima, Sunday, (A.D. 1077, August, 6) Lunar eclipse. Records the grant of sovereign right to rule over the village of Temgola in favour of the god Kirti Somesvara by the king's subordinate Tribhuvanamalla vira-Nolamba-Pallava Permanadi who has been identified elsewhere as the King's younger brother Jayasimha. Mahamandalesvara Naga Varma of Kadamba family gave with his manneya Svamya over Tengole in Taidavodi-300 for the angabhoga of the god.

20th June, A.D. 1080 : Patancheru, Sangareddy
The first part records the the gift of 24 marttrs of land for the worship and repairs of the temple of the god Bhogevaradeva and for feeding and maintenance of students of Tamgina- Matha by mahamandalesvara Brahmadhiraja Udayaditya Deva, at the instance of the king and ministers. The gift was handed over to acharya Suryabharaṇa Pandita, the pontiff of the matha after washing his feet on the occasion of the solar eclipse.

Patancheru : 21st June A.D. 1080.The inscription seems to consist of 39 lines: it refers itself to the reign of Tribhuvanamalladeva and mentions his Brahmin subordinate who attained the rank of Brahmadhara evidently appears to be the same as `Kumara Tribhuvanamalla Brahamadiraja Udayadityavan` of No. 20.

Refers to the reign of Ahavamalla evidently Somesvra-I and mentioned Mahamandalesvara Permanadi.
It seems to refer to Mallana, the Mahapratihara. He is said to have made with the consent of all the Pradihanis on the said date, after washing the feet of Sarvapandita the gift of the same land: to Sri Bhogeswara deva of the Tenginomatha in the capital Pattalakere for the worship of the God for the repairs of the temple (for feeding ascetics) and for imparting education.

This record is dated Chalukya Vikrama year S Randri Jyeslita Amavasya, Sunday (Sunday 21st June 1080 A.D.) It refers to Brahmadhiraja Uderyaditya and his gift of Kuchemuru after washing the feet of Suryabharana pandita. Another piece mentions Pottalakere.

11th September A.D. 1084 : Alladurgam, Medak District.
This inscription dated C.V.E. 9, Raktakshi, Ashwayuja su. 9, Wednesday, A.D. 1084, Sept. 11.). Registers a gift of wet land for feeding the ascetics in Kirtivilasa Santi Jinalaya by the king`s subordinate Mahamandalesvara Ahavamalla Permanadigal. The gift was made into the hands of Kamaladeva Siddhanti.

27th August A.D. 1086 : Mamidipalli, Sangareddy Taluk
This inscription is on a pillar in the field of Lakshman Singh. The inscription records the arrangement made for the collection of water cess i.e., tax for the use of water from the tanks, situated to the east of Kandi by the Prabhu of Piriya Kandi named Sahavasi Brammidevayya Nayaka.

24th December, A.D. 1098 : Gadi Peddapur, Andole
Records the gift of land to the god Blibbesvara of Billa Kallu by the queen Melalad of the chief Ahavamalla Permanadi who was referred to as Valakkamalla. The good qualities of the queen Malaladevi, the donor were praised.

1098 AD : Mahamandalesvara Kalicorarasar or
20th December 1098 AD : Wajidnagar, Bichkunda Mandal
This inscription is on a pillar near the tankbund. The inscription records the gift of 10 marttars of land for the worship and daily rites as well as repairs of the temple of Somanatha by mahamandalesvara Kalicorarasar, lord of Amaravati Pura, after washing the feet of Rudrasakti Pandita, on the occasion of Uttarayana Sankranti. It also mentions the names of officers viz., Prabhu dandanayaka Simgarasa, Heggade Nagadeva nayaka of the lord (Prabhu) Mallarasa.

6th December, 1098 AD : Vijadnagar, Banswada
It records the gift of land for the maintenance of the daily routine of the temple Sayirabada. The gift was placed in the custody of Rudrasakti, the priest of Nakhareswara temple of Podana. The administrative division Sayirabada might be the same as Sabbisayira known already through several Kalyana Chalukya and Kakatiya inscriptions.

30th April A.D. 1101 : Malapahad, Sangareddy
This inscription is on a pillar in the Hanuman temple. The inscription introduces a certain Somesvarabhatta of the family who bears a string of birudas which include Pati karyyadurandhara, niyogayaugandhara, Tribhuvanamalladevarajya samuddharana and Karnnaṭa herilala Samdhivigrahi. The donor, who was a minister, registered the gift of land measuring 12 marttars in the village Sirigoppa, his Prabhusvamya to the god Somesvara, towards the daily rites of the god as well as repairs to the temple. The said gift was handed over to Pabbesvarapandita after washing his feet, at the confluence of the two rivers viz., Jara and Gundi. At the end, the two Kannada verses praise the donor as a military general.

30th March, A.D. 1105 : Bhimgal
Begins with the asusual prasasti of the Western Chalukyas, followed by the mention of a certain maha mandalesvara Malla rasa, whose subordinate was perggada Nagavarma, who at the time of consecrating the Gods Rudresvara and Kesava, endowed the lands measuring 2 mas, towards the naivedya (daily offering) in the tank of Kavana, and some garden land towards the daily puja and other services such as dance, music and other instruments.

29th November A.D. 1108 : Patancheru, Sangareddy
Kumara Somesvara Son of Tribhuvanamalla.
This inscription is on a pillar in the field of Krishnarao by the side of a stream. The inscription records the gift of land towards naivedya of the god Badesvara of Ramatirtha by mahamandalesvara Mahadevarasar, along with Karana pramukhas of Banavaya, with the concurrence of the prince Somesvara.

29th November A.D. 1108. : Patancheru, Sangareddy
This inscription is on a pillar in the field of Krishnarao by the side of a stream. The inscription records the gift of land towards naivedya of the god Badesvara of Ramatirtha by mahamandalesvara Mahadevarasar, along with Karana pramukhas of Banavaya, with the concurrence of the prince Somesvara.

18th September, 1122 AD : Singuru
This inscription is on a slab near P.W.D project guest house, dated Chalukya Vikrama 47 Subhakrit, Asvayuja su. 15 (mistake for su. 5), Monday lunar eclipse=1122 A.D. September 18. The lunar eclipse occurred on the previous day. States that while the king was camping at Jayanthipura, dandanayaka Totaranayya the governor of Kosevala-70 division and the brother- in-law of Mallarasa endowed lands in the villages Chevutakuru, Dakallu and on the Todikute on the occasion of lunar eclipse. The donor Mallarasa is described as mahasamanta under Somesvara Deva, the son of mahamandalesvara Chalukya Gangapermmadi Aggeyarasu was to protect the grant.

1127 - 1138 AD : Bhulokamalla Someswara III
1122 AD - 1137 AD : Mahamandalesvara Soma Permanadi II
1127 AD : Nanneya Bhatta
20th February A.D. 1127 : Patancheru, Sangareddy
This epigraph belongs to the reign of the Western Chalukya king Bhulokamalla Somesvara III. It states that according to the oral instructions of the king, his officer Pasayita (Master of Robes) Bammanayya granted the privilege of collection a measure of grain (Kolaga- daya) in the locality Chintamani-pura of Pottalagere to the astrologer Nanneya Bhatta. The grant was made on Phalguna su. 7, Sunday, in the Chalukya-Vikrama year 51, Patabhava, on the occasion of the king's coronation ; and this was in recognition of the donee’s service, who had calculated the auspicious date for the king’s expedition on Karttika s.u 9, Thursday, of the same year.

It is gathered from the foregoing details that Somesvara III proceeded on a military expedition on the latter date and subsequently he was crowned on the former. The first of the above dates in Karttika corresponds to A.D. 1126, October 26, the week-day being Tuesday. The second date in Phalguna regularly corresponds to A.D. 1127, February 20. On this date the coronation of Somesvara III.

This record establishes the identity of modern Patancheru with the early Chalukya capital Pottalakere.

26th December A.D. 1131 : Kankal, Parigi, Vikarabad.
This contains two different records dated in two different cyclic years (viz) Sadharana and Virodhi Krit respectively, engraved on the same Pillar. The former registers the gift of land to the God Bijjesvara of Kankalla, by mahamandalesvara Soma Permanadi, Heggade Dandanayaka of Kankall and other Pramukh karanas. The latter registers the gift of land by Soma Permanadi, Saudare Govindarasa and other Saudare’s of Kankallanadu including all Prabhus and Gavundas, to Sri Nemibhattarakadeva, for the daily rituals of God Kesavadeva.

Desaipet, Banswada
It records the grant of land by a certain Soma Permanadi bearing the titles, Savalakkamalla, Sanivara Siddhi, Pampana Gandha Varana and Lord of Banavasavadi-70 etc. for the daily rituals of the God. The importance of this record lies in the fact that, for the first time it mentions the place Bansavada, identifiable with modern Banswada

15th November A.D. 1137 : Someswaram, Banswada
It record the gifts of land in the territory of Banswada-26 by a feudatory named Soma permanadi, who bare the titles 'Savalakkamalla' and ‘Sanivara Siddhi' towards the anga and ranga bhogas and Tribhogabhya siddhi. An interesting aspect of this record is the mention of the name of the village 'Somesvaram' which is probably named after the donor Soma permanadi or his master Somesvara III.

1138 - 1151 AD : Jagadekamalla II
1151 AD - 1163 AD : Tailapa III
1134 AD - 1152 AD : Mahamandalesvara Mallarasa II
10th March, 1134 AD : Bheemgal.
This inscription is on a pillar near ruined Sivalayam. Records the gift of 8 marttars of Kariya (Black soil) and tota (garden land) towards the daily rites of the god Kesavadeva by Preggade Nagavarma who was in the service of mahamandalesvara Mallarasar.

1140 AD : Bodhan
This inscription is on a slab near a water tank. Mentions a certain Aliya Mallarasaru, Son-in-law of Eravarasa. It refers to some gift made by Mallarasaru to the god Siddhesvara of D[h]ronapalli. The gift particulars are not worn out.

4th June, 1152 AD : Jukkal
Nurmmadi Trailokyamalla (Tailapa-III)
It is on a pillar in front of Hanuman temple. This inscription registers the gift of 20 and 12 marttars of land for the daily offerings and perpetual burning of the lamp to the gods Bijjesvaradeva and Nandi Betesvaradeva by mahamandalesvara Pereya Mallarasaru, during the reign of Trailokyamalladeva identifiable with Tailapa III.
Gokarnachoda Maharaju
22nd March A.D. 1243 : Patancheru, Sangareddy
This inscription is now in the state Museum, Hyderabad. The inscription dated in the Chalukya Vikrama era refers to one mahamandaleshwara Kanduri Gokarna Chola maharaja and his gifts to Gavari..... Bhimana Perggada, son-in-law of Gamana perggada namely, the enjoyment of 10 madas of Gukkadamu 30, and to the latter's son Doddayyabhatta to whom, after washing his feet, he gave the enjoyment of Badiye of Naminekalla-70 on the occasion of Uttarayana sankranti.

1350 AD – 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate
Nov 16, 1397 - Sep 22, 1422 A.D : Feroz Shah Bahmani or TAJ-UD-DIN FIROZ SHAH
1418 AD : Rudroju Sirigiroju
8th January, A.D. 1418 : Tellapur, Sangareddy
This inscription is on a pillar near a well. The inscription records the construction of a well and gadibhavi along with water carriers by Ojus [artisans] detailed in the inscription in the village Telumganapura. The most important feature is the name of the modern village Tellapur which shows that it was originally known as Telumganapura, reminding that during the period the area of Telingana was included in the kingdom of Firuz Shah Bahamani. Also states that Nagoju, one of the artisans of the above constructions, made the golden ornaments to the queen of Feroz Shah Sultan. The scribe is Rudroju Sirigiroju.

Sep 22, 1422 - Apr 17, 1436 A.D : Ahmad Shah I or SHIHAB-UD-DIN AHMAD I

Apr 17, 1436 - May 6, 1458 : Ahmad Shah II or ALA-UD-DIN AHMAD II
Wife : Kasavamba daughter of Recherla Pannaya Nayaka
Daughter : Jayi

1444 AD : This was a bilingual inscription of `Alau`d-Din Shah Bahmani, in state museum Hyderabad- Dated A H 848 (A.D. 1444), it records the construction of a stepwell by Makhduma-i-Jahan Bibi Shahnaz, mother of Khan-i-Mu`azzam Mahmud Khan.

Dated in Saka 1366 (A. D. 1444), this bilingual inscription in Sanskrit and Persian belongs to the period of the Bahmani Sultan 'Alau'd-Din II and records the victory of his father. Ahmad Shah, over Devaraja, commandant of the fort at Rajahmundry, besides referring to the construction of a well by prince Mahmud Khan after the name of his mother.

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Aggalayya

Name : Aggalayya (1034 AD - 1074 AD)
Spouse : Vallikambe

Born : c. 1000 AD 

Died : c. 1080 AD

Profession : Royal Physician (Ayurveda), Mahasamantha 

Titles : Vaidyaratnakara Pranacharya, Mahasamanta and Vaidyasikhamani 

Religion : Jainism

Inscriptions : Yadadri Bhuvanagiri (Saidapur or Saidapuram), Sangareddy (Sirur, Singuru in Narayankhed Mandal) from 1034 AD to 1074 AD

Aggalayya who is stated to have been specialist in Sastra (surgery) and Sastra (Science) and was capable of curing even the severe diseases that cannot be cured by other physicians.

The records describe the proficiency of Aggalayya in Ayurveda with particular reference to his skill in Sastra-vaidya or treatment of diseases by surgical methods.
 
It is interesting to note that surgery in the system of Ayurveda was practised with efficiency in those days. Aggalayya is stated to be the royal physician.

Aggalayya has not only been praised as an efficient physician or surgeon but has also been mentioned as a religious person, a devout Jaina who was always helpful to good people and he looked after the healthy well being of all. He always stood for the welfare of his friends and for the satisfaction of gurus . The inscription mentions that he was devoted to teach (the art of Surgery or Ayurveda to) the Jainas and was always ready for clearing the doubts of other physicians.

The inscription mentions that if any treatment by surgery was done anywhere and life was saved, i.e. it refers to critical cases, then, it was surely a good deed of Naravaidya Aggalayya and king Jagadekamalla.

It is interesting to note that the merit of the saving the life of a critical patient by treating him with surgical expertise, was shared between the physician and his employer or patron in whose service Aggalayya
was employed. 

The inscription further eulogizes Aggalayya by saying that he could even cure the diseases in their advanced stage or serious stage {prakarsa) declared by other physicians as incurable. For this reason his fame had spread in all regions. 

The inscription mentions Aggalayya as verily the god Brahma himself or Brahma personified. Aggalayya being a devout Jaina and surgeon by profession, his association and assimilation with Brahma
shows the process of integration or appropriation of the Brahma cult in the Jaina religious tradition. 

Brahma being the deity par excellence for surgery mentioned in the pro-brahrhanical Ayurvedic texts like the Susruta Samhita his incorporation into the Jaina tradition to glorify a surgeon is explicable as the basic knowledge was taken from the common texts like the Susruta Samhita which again claims the Atharva
Veda as its principal source. 

These texts were not restricted to the followers of the bratimanical religion alone but were universally used. But the question that arises here is that why did the Jainas require a different system of medicine and surgery and why this Jaina medical school had its own texts on medicine and surgery which were highly
modified versions of the well known medical texts.

Chalukyan king Jayasimha II, this stone inscription records the gift of the village Muppanappali in Kollipaka 7000 for the maintenance of two Jaina Basatis built by certain Aggalayya who bears the titles Vaidya- ratnakara, Pranacharyya and Naravaidya. 

The inscription registers the gift of garden lands and house plots for residence and feeding the students and (rishis) by maha samanta Aggalayya, at the instance of his brother. In this, Aggalarasa is praised for his proficiency in medicine. The said gift was placed in the custody of Dharmasagara Siddhanta Deva of Sri Yapaniya samgha and Maduvagana. The donor himself was an ardent worshipper of Jaina Sasanadevi and Bahubali. The verses extol the heroic qualities of Aggalarasa and philanthropic qualities of Vallikambe, his wife.

While the king Someswara II (1068 - 1076 AD) was camping at Vankapura, his subordinate chief mahasamanta and Vaidyasikhamani Aggalarasa (Aggalayya) made gifts of grandson lands for the maintenance of the feeding house (dnasala). The gift was entrusted to a jaina preceptor Dharmasagara Siddhantadeva at the request of one Bahubali.

Saidapur Jaina Inscription of Jagadekamalla I, Saka 956 by Dr. G. Jawaharlal
The inscription contains the Chalukya prasasti of the king Jagadeka Malla I (i.e., Jayasimha II) and records the gift of lands in the gramas of Mucchnapalli, Tenkanamaddi and Juvvipakavādi and cash (drammas) for the daily rites and repairs (11.19,20) of the two basadis namely, the Buddhasena Jinalaya in Baliya Mucchanapalli and Vaidyaratnakara jinalaya in lkkuriki by Aggalayya, the Naravaidyaratnakara and Pranacharya who is also the Gavunda of Mucchanapalli.

Evidently the Vaidyaratnakara Jinalaya under reference is named after the physician Aggalayya himself, as he bore the title Vaidyaratnakara.

We are further told that the above forms part of the gift for the daily rites of the Jakabbeya and Rekabbeya basadis situated in Juvvipakavadi.

The third side of the inscription extols the greatness of the royal physician Aggalayya who is said to have been the wizard of Ayurveda Sastra and sastra (surgery). 

He is praised as the specialist in curing the diseases, pronounced as incurable ones by other physicians of the day (cf. asakya byadhepi pariah=bhishagbhir vyudhi prabhedhe tadupakamechatim Agglaram punaruhadaksham kathayamti chitrant||11.72-75). 

The king, stunned with the expertise of Aggalayya in the field of Ayurveda and Sastra chikista, is pleased to pronounce him as Aggalamge Gaggalah. The pointed reference made to the sastra chikitsa (surgery) in the Ayurveda methods reveals that the use of sastra by then was in a well developed stage and practised by the experts in Ayurveda.

The most interesting aspect about this inscription is that it brings to light (for the first- time perhaps) the use of sasta chikitsa (surgery) as a branch of the Ayurveda sastra (ayurveda vidam) being practised during the 11th century A.D.

No epigraphic source of the period sheds light either on the proficiency or practice of surgery in the Ayurvedic methods of treatment. Hitherto, several instances of general praise of the learning of Jaina teachers in some of the branches of knowledge are found in the inscriptions, but no specific reference to the Ayurvedic form of practice.

For instance, a record of the Saka year 1024 from Marol describes the learning of the Jaina teacher Ananta viramuni as having composed all Vyakarana (Grammar), Nighantu (Lexicon), Ganita (Mathematics). Vatsyayana (Erotics), Jyothisha (Astrology), Sakuna(Augury), Chhandas (Prosody), Manu (Law), Gandharva (Music), Alamkara (Rhetoric), Mahakavyanaka (Poetic/drama), Adhyamika (Philosophy), Arthasastra, Siddhanta and Pramanas. Secondly in one inscription of 11th century A.D. from Sudi, we are told that the world renowned Saiva teacher and scholar Somesvarapanditadeva was great not only in Tapas- charitra but also in learning which included mastery of Vaisesika, Nyaya, Samkhya, Sabdajnana and Mimamsa. Further, an inscription of the 11th century A.D. from Mulgund mentions the two Jaina grammarians, Narendrasena and his pupil Nyayasena who are said to have been proficient in many systems like Chandra, Katantra, Jainendra, Sabdanusasana of Saktayana, Paniniya, Aindra and Kaumara. Thus, it becomes clear that no recorded evidence so far makes a reference to the Ayurvedic sastra and sastra as a branch of learning.

Unfortunately this inscription sheds no light about Aggalavya's native place, his parentage, family and also the habitat of his ancestors. It is the first Jinakasana of the king Jagadekamalla I (the sole wrestler of the world) found in these parts of the Chalukyan empire.

It is also interesting to note that the king Jayasimha II after knowing the proficiency of the royal physician Aggalayya in the Ayurvedic 'sastra and 'sastra (surgery) conferred on him the pratipatti of Mahasamanta and made him the Gavunda of the grama Mucchanapalli. By this, it is known that persons of eminence are entrusted with positions of importance in the administration of the kingdom by the king.

The places mentioned in the record are Pottalakere, Kollipake-7000, Aleru-40, Ikkuriki, Mucchanapalli, Juvvipakevadi and Tenkanamaddi.

Of these Pottalakere may be identified with the modern Patancheru located at a distance of 26 Kms. away towards West of Hyderabad, the capital city of Telangana.

The place is mentioned as the capital of Jayasimha i.e. Jagadekamalla I, Kollipaka-7000 is the administrative division and the headquarters Kollipaka may be identified with the modern Kulpak in the Nalgonda district of Telangana. It is at this very Kulpak, several Jaina records big and small, pertaining to different dynasties have been found. Even today this place is being considered as a Jaina pilgrim centre. Aleru-40 is the numerical unit within the division of Kollipaka-7000. The headquarter of this unit namely Aleru is the same modern place Aleru situated a few miles away from Kolanpak.

Ikkuriki, the grama where Vaidhyaratnakara Jinalaya is situated, may be identified with the modern village Ikkuriki in the Motakondur circle of the Bhongir. Other places are not identifiable satisfactorily.

Jaina philosopher and medical practioner Samantabhadra is said to have founded a new school of medicine or his own lineage known as Samantabhadra sampradaya. This tradition was further developed by Pujyapada with his contributions to every branch of medical science.

Pujyapada authored texts like Nidanaratnavali, Vaidyakagrantha, Madanakamaratna, Ratnakaradyutasadha and Yogagrantha. Another work of Pujyapada is the text Vaidyamrita which is again not yet discovered. 

This is also known through a secondary source i.e. the work of another Jaina physician Gomatadeva. 

Pujyapada might have flourished around the 5th or 6th century CE. Pujyapada's medical

literature has been often praised in the works of both contemporary and later physicians and is often credited for driving away ill health by his teachings. 

Ugraditya another Jaina physician composed the work Kalyanakaraka in two parts containing 20 and 5 chapters respectively, consisting of 8000 verses. 

This was mainly a compilation of the previously known texts of the Jaina Vaidya sastra and to this text was added by Ugraditya two more new chapters as annexure named Rista and Hitahita . 

Scholars or adherents of this Jaina Vaidya shastra were against the use of animal substances and practice complete non-violence. They not only abstained from animal substances for any kind of cure but also condemned non-vegetarian diet. 

Ugraditya had given at the court of Amoghavarsa long discourse on the uselessness of flesh diet in an assembly where many learned men and doctors had assembled.

Ugraditya was a staunch Jaina and believed in complete abstinence so much so that he even did not prescribe honey which is one of the most frequently used elements in Ayurvedic system of medcine, instead he prescribed the use of jaggery which according to him gave the same results.

The inscription further mentions that centres for preparation of medicine both herbal and chemical-mineral or herbal-mercurial were there. These were Jakabbe and Marakabbeya basadis and for their maintenance lands were separately granted in Buddhipaka along with Muppanapalli as devabhoga by the king. 

The inscription is quite corroded yet the legible portions reveal that a flower garden, a residential place, certain measurement of black soil and along with these a water wheel were donated to the Kajali(ka)sthana attached to the two basadis mentioned above. These were functioning under the
Vaidyaratnakara Jinalaya. 

A sculpture of Aggalayya has been found at Hanumankonda the old capital city of the Kakatiyas. Like the Buddhist monasteries had arogyasala for the monks and also extended their services for the people staying in the locality similarly Jaina medical practitioner also extended their welfare services to the society at large.

Aggalayya gutta Jain Temple and Caves

Aggalayya gutta is located in Hanamakonda, Padmakshi temple road, Hanumakonda district,Telangana state, India. It was also a jain ayurvedic medicine center around 11th century

This Jain site on the Aggalayya gutta has a 30-feet-tall engraved statue of the 16th Jain Tirthankar Shantinatha and a 13-feet-tall statue of 23rd Tirthankar Parshvanatha on a huge boulderstone on a hillock.

The Shantinatha statue is the second tallest Tirthankaras statue in South India after Karnataka’s Bahubali Tirthankara, and the plan is to make it a Jain Vanam. Statue of the Mahavira is also there in a cave on the hillock.

The hillocok was named after, Aggalayya, who constructed a ‘Jinalaya’ that served as a research centre for teaching doctrines of religion, medicine, and surgery.

Aggalayya gutta also has a lot trees and plants which makes the place breathable

Near Hanumakonda bus station and Chowrastha. Around half Kms. Around 600 steps are there to reach top of the hill . Opens at 9 A.M and closes at 6 P.M

This site is developed under National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme by KUDA (Kakatiya Urban Development Authority) in 2017.

References
Epigraphia Telanganica Volume1 Pre-Kakatiya Telangana
Majumdar, Susmita Basu. “AGGALYYA- A 11 th CENTURY JAIN SURGEON.” Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, vol. 73, 2012, pp. 175–79. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44156204. Accessed 3 Jan. 2024.

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Heritage Jail Museum, Sangareddy

Heritage Jail Museum also known as Jail Museum and Sangareddy District Jail is located in Sangareddy, Sangareddy district of Indian state Telangana, India is a colonial-era jail, now converted into a museum. 

Sangareddy district jail constructed in the year 1796 A.D, during the Prime Ministership of Salar Jung I is one of the oldest jails in South India. This prison is spread across an area of 3 acres and 10 guntas. There are ten barracks in this Heritage jail building which boasts of great history.

The jail allows tourists to live a prisoner's life for 24 hours at a price of Rs.500 ($A9.90).The museum displays the paintings and other artifacts related to crime and prison life in India.

It was closed in 2012.In June 2016, the jail was converted into a museum by prison department, when M. Lakshmi Narasimha, the Deputy SP of the jail came up with the Feel The Jail idea. We Can feel the jail there only by paying Rs 500 for twenty four hours without committing any crime. You will be treated like prisoners, You Have to wear prisoner's dress , and eat a food prepared by the prisoners in nearby jail and in the utensils which are provided to prisoners . You have to clean your utensils like a prisoner and you also have to do some work provided by the jail authorities such are gardening or any other simple task. You are not allowed to use your mobile . you are items such as mobile , wallet etc are kept in locker which will be given to you when you leave the prison . If its become difficult for you remain in the prison until the full day ends you have to pay fine for it .This jail makes us realize us the real value of freedom.

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Manjira River

Origin : Gaurwadi in Balaghat Hills,  Ahemednagar District, Maharashtra State, India.

Elevation : 823 metres (2,700 ft)
Length : 724 km (450 mi)

Drainage : 30,844 km2 (11,909 sq mi)
Outflow : Godavari River
States : Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana.

Length in Telangana : Around 290 km
Start : Goudgaon (Janwada) village, Nagalgidda Mandal, Narayankhed revenue division of Sangareddy district in Telangana, India.
End : Kandakurthy village, Renjal Mandal, Nizamabad district
Districts : Sangareddy, Medak, Kamareddy, Nizamabad

Sangareddy District: Nagalgidda,  Manoor of Narayankhed revenue division, Raikode of Zaheerabad revenue division, Vatpally, Munipally, Pulkal, Sadasivpet, Sangareddy, Hathnoora, Andole

Medak District Mandals: Chillipched, Kulcharam, Medak, Papannapet, Shankarampet_A,

Kamareddy District Mandals: Nagireddypet, Nizamsagar, Pitlam, Banswada, Birkoor, Bichkunda, Madnur

Nizamabad District Mandals: Kotgiri, Bodhan, Renjal

Manjira River also spelled Manjeera also called the Manjara river in Maharashtra is a tributary of Godavari River. Manjira River flows through Latur District of Maharashtra and Bidar District of Karnataka before entering Sangareddy District in Telangana.

Manjira, Haridra River or Haldi vagu or Pasupu vagu  rivers joins Godavari and forms Triveni Sangamam in Kandakurthy Nizamabad district, Telangana State.

Manjira River tributaries in Telangana

Dabba vagu

Length: Around 30 kms

Start: Siddapur village, Jharasangam Mandal, Sangareddy district.

End : Kesaram Village near Singur Dam, Dharpally mandal, Nizamabad district

Gundla vagu

Start: Nagulapalle, Alladurg mandal, Medak District of Telangana State, India.

End: Manjira river near Yelkurthi Village in Tekmal Mandal in Medak District of Telangana State, India.

Kusangi vagu

Start: Palvatla village, Alladurg Mandal, Medak District 
End: Manjira river near Dhannaram Village in Tekmal Mandal in Medak District

Haldi vagu

Start: Near Turkapalli village, Shamirpet Mandal of Medchal-Malkajgiri district

End: Manjira river near Podchenpally village, Papannapet Mandal, Medak district

Tributaries : Pusphal vagu

Nakka vagu

Start: Near Siddapur village, Rajampet Mandal, Kamareddy district.

End: Manjira river near Golingal village

Gandhari vagu / Ai Yeru

Start: Near Chedmal village, Gandhari Mandal, Kamareddy district.

End: Manjira river near Golilingal village, Nagareddipet Mandal, Kamareddy district and Sardhana village in Medak districts. 

Tributaries: Pedda vagu, Bhimashevari vagu

Nalla vagu 

Starts in Telangana: Nagger, Kangti Mandal, Sangareddy district.

End: Manjira river near Achampet village, Nizamsagar Mandal, Kamareddy district.

Tributaries: Samla vagu, Kakai vagu joins to become Pedda vagu which joins Nalla vagu

Kaulus vagu

Start: Near Khandikeri village is located in Aurad taluka of Bidar district in Karnataka

Start in Telangana: Sopur village, Jukkal Mandal, Kamareddy district.

End: Manjira river near Hasgul, Bichkunda Mandal, Kamareddy, Telangana

Haridra stream / Haldi vagu / Pasupu vagu 

Length: Around 50kms

Start: Sayeedpur village, Varni Mandal, Nizamabad district.

End: Manjira river, Hangarga village, Renjal Mandal, Nizamabad district

Ash mounds recently discovered at a remote village in Telangana’s Medak district could well be remains of lava ash from the Toba supervolcano eruption that occurred about 75,000 years ago in Indonesia, say history enthusiasts and field explorers with the Kotha Telangana Charitha Brundam (KTCB).

The white powder mounds were discovered by the group’s field researcher B V Bhadragirish near Haridra stream, a tributary of the Manjeera river, at Hastalapur village in Narsapur. The local residents were using this powder for chalk.

After learning about the ash pits on the outskirts of the village, Bhadragirish inspected the ash mounds which are locally called sudda gutta. The ash bed, located about one kilometre away to the southeast of Narasimhaswamigutta on the village outskirts, is spread over a radius of about half a kilometre and two feet in depth. He had gone to visit the prehistoric rock art paintings site on Pandavulagutta. It was believed that the ash came from iron-smelting furnaces.

Lendi River originates in Udgir taluka and flowing through the Ahmadpur taluka joins the Manjira River at Shelgaon in Nanded district, Maharashtra.

Near humnapur village, kotgiri mandal in Nizamabad district Telangana.

Malar River joins Manjira at Daulatpur village in Maharashtra.

Near Mandharna village, Bodhan Mandal, Nizamabad district, Telangana.

Nizam Sagar was constructed across the Manjira River between Achampeta and Banjapalle villages of the Nizamabad district in Telangana, India. The most outstanding feature of the project is the gigantic masonry dam sprawling across the river for 3 kilometers with a motorable road of 14 feet width.

The Singur Reservoir on Manjira River in Medak District is the main drinking water source for the Medak and Nizamabad districts as well as the adjoining twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.
Moyatummeda, a tributary to Manner, Peddavagu and Chinnavagu are the other rivulets, which sustained ancient cultures in this region. 

The River is used for water transport between Sironcha(MH) and Kaleswaram(TS). It is also a part of the 12 rivers in the Pushkaram list which is a festival in Hindu traditions. 

https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/telangana-ash-mound-volcanic-remains-indonesias-toba-supervolcano-8416972/

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Telangana Step Wells

A grand stepwell at Kichanapally, Sangareddy

Imagine being in an arid, parched part of the youngest State of India. You badly want water, but all  you see is miles of nothingness. And suddenly you find several flights of stairs leading to water.

No, its not a mirage! These are ‘step wells’ - wonderful structures that are now virtually forgotten.

Stepwells in Telangana are found at old forts, temple complexes and on agricultural lands. They have also been political power centres.

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Manjeera Dam

Manjeera Dam is located on the Manjeera river at Kalabgur, Sangareddy District, Telangana State, India.

This is an ideal picnic spot. One can spend quality time with family or friends at the Environmental Education Centre here.

Another main attraction of this place is the crocodile-breeding pond, which has been set up for rehabilitation of crocodiles.

The glistening waters of the reservoir and the wildlife around make it an ideal picnic spot in an unspoilt and serene environment.

Manjeera, a major source of drinking water for Hyderabad in a good year with rains, spreads over 10 square miles at its full capacity.

Located at a distance of about 70 kilometers from Hyderabad

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Manjeera Wildlife Sanctuary

Mangeera or Manjira wildlife sanctuary is located on the Manjeera river at Kalabgur,  Sangareddy District, Telangana State, India.

The charming part about this sanctuary is that one can take an adventurous boat ride for Bird watching in the Manjira Wildlife & Bird Sanctuary.

 

Originally a crocodile sanctuary, today more than 70 species of birds are spotted here and is home for the vulnerable species mugger crocodile. 

This man-made reservoir provides drinking water to Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

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Sangareddy Kasi Visweshwara Temple

Sri Kasi Vishweshwara Temple is situated in Kalpagooru village close to the Manjeera Barrage near
Sangareddy town in Sangareddy District, Telangana State, India.

The history of the temple dates back to the era of the Kakatiya rulers from 11th century A.D.

The temple complex is also home to two other temples, they are Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy temple & Sri Venugopala Swamy temple. Hence it is also called as Trikootaalayamu. 

Sri Kasi Vishweswara temple is seen towards the southern portion of garbhaalayam while Sri Venugopalaswamy temple is seen near the northern portion of garbhaalayam. 

According to legend, this temple was built on water stream coming from holy Kasi. It is said that in case if you drop a coin in garbhaalayam of Sri Venugopala Swamy temple, then you can hear a sound similar to that of a coin being dropped in water. Sri Anantha Padmanabha Swamy temple is located towards the west side of garbhaalaya. 

The temple resembles Thousand Pillar Temple in Warangal in terms of architecture & construction style. 

The beautiful temples are adorned by regular pujas & abhishekam every day. 

Thanks to the Bathukamma festival, an 11th century village – Kalabgoor – located a few kilometres away from the district headquarters got a place for promotion under rural tourism

It is only four Kms from old Bus Station of Sangareddy and is located at a distance of 60 Km from Hyderabad and 71 kms from Medak.

Sources

http://www.telanganatourism.gov.in/partials/destinations/divine-destinations/medak/kasi-visweashwara-temple.html
http://chowdampurushotham.blogspot.com/2011/02/kalpagur-vilage-sangareddy-medak.html

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Edithanur Cave, Kondapur

Edithanur is a village nestled in Sangareddy District in Telanga

which is famous for its ancient caves. The caves are adorned with ancient paintings whose origin dates back to the Neolithic age. The paintings in the Edithanur caves have their origin between 2300 BC to 900 BC. It can be a thrilling experience while exploring the paintings in the maze of tunnels and various rows of natural caves.

Our history textbooks would tell us that Neolithic Era or the New Stone Age is the period when there were traces of the earliest development of human technology while also holding on to the last phase of the Old Stone Age. Well, you have to see it to believe it. Edithanur Cave is situated in the village called Edithanur with traces of rock paintings depicting the culture of the Era. So if you have a knack for digging into history, this is the place to be.

Edithanur has rock paintings found earlier than Budigapalli, Ketavaram and Ongole Prakasam District but later than Bethamcherla cave paintings. The results of minor excavations carried out at Edithanur enabled to date the rock paintings to a period from Mesolithic to Megalithic period.

How to reach the cave?
Sangareddy is the nearest town to these caves as it is just located in 1 kilometre distance. The nearest railway station to this amazing wonder is Zaheerabad Railway station, which is 57 kilometres from Sangareddy Town.

http://www.accessindiatourism.com/telangana/historical/explore-the-old-age-paintings-in-the-edithanur-caves/

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Vykuntapuram Temple (Sangareddy)

Located in Sangareddy. Pilgrims from different regions do come here for darshan of Sri Srimannarayana swamy ( Lord Venkateshwara). The Ambiance in the temple makes you to feel like you are in thirupathi temple. The Idol of Lord Venkateshwara swamy is similar to the one in thirumala with 3 muka dhwaras. Especially during Saturdays, Public holidays , and on festivals days will be fully packed with the public who come for darshan. One must visit the temple for its beautiful and peacefull ambiance when you come across this sangareddy city.

JAI SRIMANARAYANA CHARITABLE TRUST
Sri Vaikuntapuram
Sangareddy shivaru, Medak
Telangana-502001
Phone: 08455-275555, 201080
Cell: +91 8125615558






http://svpd-srd.org/gallery/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangareddi

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