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Wanaparthy Samsthanam

Wanaparthy Samsthanam traces its history back to 14th century after the Kakatiya kingdom declined. The successive Turkic Muslim dynasties, who invaded and settled in Deccan, found it ideal for Samsthanam to prevail. It was surrounded by three other Samsthanam.

Wanaparthy was one of the 14 major Zamindari segments in Telangana in Post-Independent India.

For administrative purposes the Samsthan was divided into two taluqs namely "sugar" and "Kesampet" under to Tahsildars.

1512 AD - 1540 AD : Raja VEERA KRISHNA REDDY

The Wanaparthy Samsthanam was founded under the stewardship of Veera Venkata Krishna Reddy. He had ably served the cause of literature and workers. Reddy set up infrastructure for printing the workings of local poets and writers. The Wanaparthy rulers had the rare distinction of honouring the eminent poet Tirupati Venkata Kavulu.

1540 AD - 1566 AD : Raja VENKAT REDDY

1566 - 1592 AD : Raja RAMA KRISHNA REDDY

1592 - 1625 AD : Raja PEDDA VENKAT REDDY

1625 - 1648 AD : Raja INUNIDI VENKAT REDDY

1648 - 1676 AD : Raja GOPAL RAO

1676 - 1691 AD : Raja BAHIRI GOPAL RAO

1691 - 1719 AD : Raja VENKAT REDDY

1719 - 1746 AD : Raja BAHIRI GOPAL RAO

1746 - 1763 AD : Raja SAWAI VENKAT REDDY

1763 - : Raja BAHIRI GOPAL RAO

1781 - 1807 AD : Rani B. Janamma

1807 - 1822 AD : Raja RAMKRISHNA RAO I

He established Suguru as the Capital of his province to rule 124 Villages. The first Rama Krishna Rao established the Wanaparthy as Capital of Province in the place of Suguru in 1817A.D.

1822 AD - 1866 AD : Raja Rameshwar Rao I

The First Maharaja Rameshwara Rao ruled this Province from old castle i.e., Patha Kota of Wanaparthy.

on 17th March 1843, the title of "Balwant" was conferred on the Raja as a mark of honour by Nizam Sikander Jah.

To build a armed force, Raja imported Siddis from Somalia and Abyssinia and organized them into 2 regiments African Bodyguard and Wanaparthy Lancers.

On account of skirmishes and conflicts between Rajas forces and Nizams the British residency intervened and arranged a treaty by which the Raja presented his regiments to Nizam and was appointed as inspector general of Nizams forces and Nizam accepted Rajas autonomy.

The Hyderabadi battalion of the Bison Division was formed on Nov. 5, 1853. The Nizam had appointed the Raja as inspector of his army and after the Raja's death in 1866, the battalion was absorbed into the Nizam's Army and became its nucleus.

1866 AD - 1892 AD : Rani Shankaramma (1840 - 1912)

She was the founder of the seven Oceans in this Province namely 1) Shankara Samudram, Kanayapally, 2) Krishna Samudram, Ranipet, 3) Ganapa Samudram, Ghanapur, 4) Ranga Samudram, Sri Rangapur, 5)Mahabhoopala Samudram, Pebbair, 6) Venugopala Samudram, Sankireddypally and 7) Jatapala Samudram Veltoor.

Meanwhile, Ram Sagar Bangalow the present polytechnic palace was built in 1885 A.D. and then the administration was shifted to this Bangalow from the old castle i.e., Patha kota.

1866 - 1922 AD : Raja Rameshwar Rao II

After Rani Shankaramma’s demise the second Raja Rameshwar Rao came to the throne and ruled the Wanaparthy Province. He had two sons namely Krishna Deva Rao, Ram Deva Rao and a daughter.

1922 - 1944 AD : Raja Krishna Deva Rao
As his successor, Krishna Dev, was a minor, his estate was managed as a Ward of the Court. Krishna Dev himself died before attaining majority and the crown passed on to his son Rameshwar Rao III.

Krishna Deva Rao was the successor of second Raja Rameshwar Rao and he ruled Wanaparthy Province for a short period and died in 1924 at the age of 21 years.

1944 - 1998 AD : Janumpally Rameshwar Rao III

After Krishna Deva Rao’s demise, Sri J. Raja Rameshwar Rao became Prince of the Province. He was a voracious reader, a poet, a good administrator and a man of prudence. During 1940’s Telangana armed struggle against the Nizam’s RulesSri Raja Rameshwar Rao struggled lot Rule for the deliverance of his province from Nizam’s control. It is said that Nizam tried to kill Raja Rameshwar Rao, but he went underground.

Thereafter India abolished all regal titles

He was born on 23 February 1923 in Madras to Raja Krishnadeva Rao and Rani Sarala Devi.

He studied at Nizam College, Hyderabad, Madras University and Bombay University.

1944 : He was granted full administrative powers in 1944.

1950 - 1957 : Joined the Foreign Service and served in various capacities till 1957, including a posting as First Secretary, India's Commission in Nairobi.

1957 –1977 : Member of Parliament from Mahabhubnagar Constituency Member of the United Nations Conciliation Commission on the Congo 1960/1961; Chairman of Orient Longman 1964/1968

He died at the age of 75 years in Hyderabad on 15 September 1998. He is survived by wife Shanta, one son and three daughters.

The Saralasagar project was initiated and built by the Wanaparthy ruler Raja Rameshwara Rao III and named after his mother Sarala. It was completed in 1959 and inaugurated by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Raja Rameshwara Rao III sent his engineer friend P.S. Ramakrishna Raju to California to study the automatic siphon technology. Raju learnt the technology, and returned home and helped build the Saralasagar dam and other projects like the ones at Kinneresani, Pochampad and Nagulapet.

The foundation stone was laid on September 15, 1949, by the then military Governor of Hyderabad, General J.N. Chowdary. The contractor for the project till 1956 was Sripathi Rao. Work on the earth dam had already been initiated, according to assistant engineer Mamilla Buganna, who travels everyday by train from Mahbubnagar to Madanapur to come to Kothapeta, where this beautiful dam exists.

Located in Kothakota of Wanaparthy district (part of erstwhile Mahbubnagar district), it is just 6 km from the small and bustling town, filled with small shops. The Saralasagar project is a rain-fed dam and would fill up with water during the monsoon. The water used to flow through siphons into a tiered system, which would eventually flow into the canals and the fields. The Saralasagar itself had a catchment area a 771 acres.

Simply put, water from Saralasagar used to be lifted across the dam without being pumped, irrigating 4,182 acres. The total storage capacity of Saralasagar is estimated to be 0.5 tmc, which makes it a minor irrigation project, despite its historical and scientific importance.

Among his grandchildren are the actress Aditi Rao Hydari (his daughter's daughter), and Kiran Rao (his son's daughter) who is the wife of actor Aamir Khan.

http://www.zamindar.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=40&Itemid=16

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanaparthy_Samsthanam

The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern TimesBy Shanti Sadiq Ali

Wanaparthy Palace

Wanaparthy Palace is also known as "Mustafa Mahal" as a name for the advice of a Muslim saint. This palace covers an area of 640 square miles.

This palace will now house the Collector's office and Collector Camp Office.

The surname of the Samsthana rulers is Janumpally.

Wanaparthy Samasthan traced its origin back to 14 century, when as the Warangal Kakatiya Dynasty crumbled, local chieftains established their ascendancy over surrounding territory and divided it among themselves.

After Vijayanagar Kingdom was succeeded by Bijapur, Qutub Shah and Mogul successive rulers had found it expedient to maintain 8 samsthanams as buffer states along Krishna river. Wanaparthy was bounded on 3 sides by other sammsthanams.

In the time Aurangzeb, Wanaparthy became a feudatory of Moghul empire and of the Nizam as viceroy of that empire in the south.

The Rajas of the Samasthans were closely associated with the QtubShahi kings.

The early Rajas of Wanaparthy kept on army of 2000 infantry and 2000 cavalry. On 17th March 1843, the title of "balwant" was conferred on Raja Rameshwar Rao as a mark of honour by Sikander Jah.

For administrative purposes the Samasthan was divided into two taluqas namely "sugar" and keshampet" under to Tahsildars. The "Maharaja" died on 22nd November 1922. He was survived by two represented in the indian government after independence.

Days Of The Beloved

By Harriet Ronken Lynton

Jagtial Fort

A must visit for heritage lovers

It closely resembles a European castle since it was constructed in collaboration with French engineers during the reign of Nawab Ibrahim Khan in 17 century, a Governor of the Mughals.

The two French engineers, Jack and Tal began construction of what would become the only star shaped fort in Telangana and the only structure to be totally modeled on European design.

The name of the fort and the town over years slowly came to be known as Jacktal and then Jagital or Jagityala as is written in Telugu.
The fort was built with stones and lime and it had a moa al round that was filled with water. The entrance gate which has made with wood was disappeared.

At the entrance of the fort is a big mosque dating back to the time of the Nizam Shahi dynasty of Golconda. It was built during the early years of the 19th century. It is called the Jamia Masjid.

There are several cannons in the fort and in one of them is inscribed in Urdu the name of Mohammad Khasim. The Burz on the fort had many cannons placed on it and Khasim is credited with building several of them.

It is the only star-shaped fort in Telangana that is fitted with canons.

A visit to the Jagityala Fort should also include a peep into the historical treasure vaults ensconced within the walls of these great structures.

The Mughal dynasty used it as a Defence Fort in the 17 century.

It is surrounded by four water bodies – Mote pond, Dharma Samandar, Mupparaap and Kandla Palli.

According to Archaeological Department officials, it was built during the reign of Nawab Ibrahim, a Governor in the Mughal dynasty. The fort has two wooden gates, which were lifted by using pulleys. This is the only star-shaped fort in the State with a moat (water body).

History says that there used to be a row of rooms for the storage of ammunition at this fort. Though a majority of structures of the fort have been destroyed over the years, the well is safe and provides water to locals in the region. The fort stands as a testimony to the bravery of soldiers who fought here.

This ancient and historic monumental structure, a special attraction of Jagtial, is now in a state of neglect and the precious lands are on the verge of the encroachment. Though the Archaeology Department took measures to reconstruct the walls, their efforts proved to be inadequate.

Assistant Director (Archaeology) N. Mallikarjun Rao said that the then Nizam government had declared Jagtial Fort as a protected monument. He said that they had decided to construct a cannon gallery with the existing 43 cannons. We are planning to construct a pedestal for the cannons and educate people about the importance of the fort, he added.

HOW TO REACH JAGTIAL:

Distance from Hyderabad - 190 km

From Karimnagar - 50 km

Built during the reign of Nawab Ibrahim, a Governor in the Mughal dynasty

It is now in a state of neglect and precious lands are on the verge of encroachment

The then Nizam government had declared Jagtial Fort as a protected monument

Timings : 10 AM - 5 PM daily

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/jagtial-fort-a-must-visit-for-heritage-lovers/article7014727.ece

Mitte Waterfalls

Mitte or Sapthagundala or Saptha Gundalu or Sapthagunda or Seven Waterfalls is located around 2kms from Pittaguda village, Lingapur Mandal, Komaram Bheem Asifabad District, Telangana, India.

Saptha means Seven, Gunda or Gundam or Gundala meaning Pit, Jalapatham is Waterfalls. It comprises not just one but seven waterfalls, hence the name Saptagundala. The waterfall, which is 100 km away from Asifabad, is nestled between tall hills on one side and dense forests on the other, the Saptagundala waterfalls also known as Mitta waterfalls is tucked far away from civilization.

Some of the seven waterfalls have been named after Lord Rama, Goddess Sita and Bheema. Idol of Bheema was located at the place. Annually, tribals celebrate two fairs in reverence to their deity Bheema. They believe that Bheema went around the place and hence believe that the stone slabs carry foot impressions of the deity.

Accessibility of the seven waterfalls in Sirpur (U), two can be classified as the most beautiful spots and are located in close proximity. These are situated about 20 km from Jainoor mandal headquarters and can be accessed from either Lingapur or Pittaguda villages. In the absence of a proper road, a distance of about 4 km in the forest has to be trekked. A road and accommodation for tourists at these spots could arouse the interest of nature enthusiasts.

Kankaigundam is located on the Kadem river in Bazarhatnoor mandal. A 3-km walk in the wilderness is inevitable to reach this spot after travelling to Balhanpur in Bazarhatnoor from Ichoda mandal headquarters on the NH 7.

The Gadadigundam is another interesting spot on the Kadem river in Neredigonda mandal and can be accessed from Tarnam village from where a walk for about 4 km is needed to reach the waterfall. These two waterfalls on Kadem river dry up in the summer months. While water cascades from a lesser height at most of the seasonal falls, one waterfall cascades from a height of about 100 ft.
September to February is the best time to visit this sport as the hillock resembles Kashmir. There are several hillocks there ideal for trekking and hiking.
They are located 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Asifabad and 350 kilometres (220 mi) from Hyderabad, the state capital.

From Sirpur (U), towards lingapur your need to drive for around 7km, before lingapur village you will get the village called Pittagauda. Here we need to park the vehicles and take a 2km walk to water fall.

This area is also famous for the dense Mangi forests where deforestation has taken place on a comparatively lesser scale.

Proper infrastructure at Sapthagundam can woo nature enthusiasts

Mitte Jalapatham is just 85 km from the Adilabad town and 35 km from Utnoor headquarters.

You need to hire local guides for this trekking.

Directions from Jainoor

https://asifabad.telangana.gov.in/tourist-place/mitta-waterfalls/
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/seasonal-waterfalls-ideal-eco-tourist-spots/article198368.ece

Mahabub Ghats

A ride on the picturesque 3 km long Mahabub ghat road near Nirmal and the 6 km long Kerameri ghat road near Kerameri mandal headquarter is a treat for travellers. These roads with their sharp bends can be likened to a necklace, a feature that sets them apart from the rest.

A forlorn ‘mahabub' (lover) is what the famous Mahabub ghat road in

Adilabad district looks since heavy vehicle traffic was diverted on the four lane NH 44 Nirmal bypass road some two years ago. Despite being in a state of utter neglect, the picturesque bends on this road are a feast to the eyes.

Mahabub Ghats watch tower helps one see the reservoir of the SRSP and the landscape right up to Nirmal town. It is a visual treat to watch vehicles making the arduous climb up or speeding down the famous ghats.
The two watch towers located at strategic point on the Kerameri and Mahabub Ghat road have been repaired by the Forest Department which comes as good news to travellers on these roads. Nature lovers will now be able to take a break from the tedious drive to watch nature in all its splendour from atop these watch towers. The thirty-foot plus tall towers loom over the landscape on the top most ghat curve at both the places. The height of the watch towers makes it possible for getting a panoramic view of the spread of greenery below or whatever is left of it.

“Proper upkeep of the ghat section can attract local tourists to this lovely spot in the lap of nature. Followers of Sufi philosopher Shaikh Mahabub, after whom the ghat is named, will especially be thankful for improved maintenance of the road,” opines Tummala Dev Rao, a teacher and amateur historian from Nirmal.

The ghat road, located on one of the hills in the Sahayadri range about 14 km from Nirmal town, was used by travellers to access other important places in North India. Locals believe this road to be in use since the times of Emperor Ashoka.

It was, however, during the period of Mir Osman Ali Khan, the last Nizam, that a proper road seems to have been laid extending up to the Penganga river at the northern end of Hyderabad State. The year could be 1932 when the old bridge at Soan across the mighty Godavari was constructed. “The ghat section would have been first cut in the hills manually. Imagine, hundreds of workers toiling for long duration to slice the hill,” says Mr. Dev Rao, trying to envision the times.

For many years, travellers negotiated the ghat bends on a single lane though the road had acquired the status of a national highway. It was in early 1970s that the road was widened to incorporate another lane making it easy for the drivers to take the four hairpin curves. In tune with the growing importance of NH 7, the road was widened further in the 1980s to facilitate smooth passage of vehicles including the long trailer type lorries. Authorities kept on improving the condition of the road not to allow traffic jams due to accidents.

An idyllic haven for bikers

What is a perfect haven for avid bikers or a getaway destination for the overworked and stressed urbanite? Riding, perhaps, on a long stretch of a deserted road in a vast spread of different hues of greenery, taking in the sounds and sights en route and fresh unpolluted air to breathe.

There is abundant greenery and long stretches of less travelled curvy dirt and asphalt tracks, especially in its hilly tribal area, for those who love offroading and riding across country stretches.

Scenic stretch

One of the best stretches of roads here is the one that links the mandal headquarter of Jainoor and Tiryani almost in the geographical middle of the district. The drive on the 50-km road could often be bumpy, but that is part of the game.

Jainoor is about 320 km from Hyderabad by road via Nirmal and Jannaram and Tiryani is about 340 km from the State capital, coming from Mancherial town. The journey can be undertaken from either side but the first option offers a lot more to see on the way to Jainoor.

The journey from Hyderabad to Nirmal will turn out to be smooth affair as the entire 200-km drive will be on the four-lane NH 44. The drive to Jannaram, about 65 km from Nirmal, will be a pleasant one in itself as it involves passing through a section of the Kawal Tiger Reserve.

Good accommodation

The Tourism Department offers excellent accommodation at Jannaram in the shape of cottages which come at a reasonable tariff of Rs. 800 for an AC double room. The journey from Jannaram towards Jainoor can be resumed the next morning and it will take a rider through 30 km of the Indhanpalli-Utnoor road, again in the Kawal Tiger Reserve.

Food is no problem until Jannaram as there are some modest hotels and dhabas serving good food, but the biking or travel enthusiasts need to carry their own food and water for the journey from Jainoor. After Sirpur (U) they are unlikely to even come across a tea stall.

Drivers need to take a left at the fork in the road at Alliguda, about 11 km from Jainoor and 6 km from Sirpur (U) mandal headquarter. The next big village is Lingapur and from here the road becomes almost deserted with an auto or a motorcycle coming your way every 10 minutes or so.

The curvy road takes you to the steep ghat road near Pangdi Madaram but not before feasting on the greenery surrounding Chinna Dampur, Loddiguda, Modiguda or Raghapur. You can find some unpretentious tribal temples in the wilderness abutting the road. The road exits into Tiryani mandal headquarter from where the nature-loving bikers can reach Mancherial for their onward journey to Hyderabad.

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/adilabad-an-idyllic-haven-for-bikers/article6339331.ece

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/monsoon-picks-up-sowing-of-pulses-gets-boost/article8824991.ece

Nirmal Ghats

Scenic beauty of the Nirmal ghats with the flying fog in the early morning which attracts many nature lovers.

Nature lovers loved the feeling of the fog and chilly breeze on their skin which they experienced in the early morning hours. The Sahayadri hill range attracts nature lovers to Nirmal ghats

http://www.deccanchronicle.com/151119/nation-current-affairs/article/cold-weather-fog-enhance-adilabad’s-scenic-beauty

Kerameri Ghats

The Utnoor-Asifabad route, 6 km long Kerameri ghat road near Kerameri mandal of which the Kerameri ghats are a part, is one of the oldest in the district passing through its tribal heartland.

The Kerameri hills, as seen from the popular Kerameri ghat road,

offer a breathtaking view as the landscape is changing colours layer by layer. The view starts with the dark green of the agriculture fields and turns into bright yellow of the drying leaves as the vision progress upwards.

The mountain range with a dominant blue at the top completes the picture casting a spell on the beholder. Descending the ghat road brings one closer to the clusters of trees which are changing colours.

Same is the case with the thick Sarkepalli forest in Wankidi mandal and the Malini forest in Sirpur (T) mandal where the jungles beckon with differently vibrant colours. A drive to Malini from Sirpur (T) mandal head quarter village will be an experience in itself in November.
The Kerameri watch tower offers a view as far as the hills near Asifabad.

If you want to know whether beauty encompasses danger, visit the picturesque Kerameri ghats in Adilabad district during the current season. The unfolding scenery during a drive on the curvy road is a visual treat, yet any lapse in concentration can result in a fatal accident.

Monsoon brings back greenery as vegetation thickens, especially on the margins of this single-lane road. The vegetation restricts the view considerably at almost all the bends on the 6-km-long road that starts at Busimetta camp and ends near Keslaguda in Kerameri mandal.

The top three bends can be dangerous on account of the scenic spread in the valley. No driver can afford diversion of concentration which can lead to a collision with an oncoming vehicle.

Drivers need to be more cautious while negotiating the one kilometre of the stretch at the lowest end of the ghats. This part is besotted with three ‘S' bends followed by two ‘U' turns, two ‘S' bends and two more ‘U' curves.

This section of the road has the wild lantana or pulikampa growing close to the margins on either side effectively restricting the view. These shrubs can be removed to do away with some of the danger.

By Road - They are number of buses from Hyderabad MGBS to Asifabad . From asifabad we can reach this place within 40min.

By Rail - Trains from Secunderabad to Nagpur stretch. Main stations to reach this place is Asifabad Road-ASAF, Sirpur Kaghaznagar-SKZR.

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/telangana/adilabad-acquires-the-hues-of-autumn/article6538487.ece

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-districtplus/dont-get-carried-away-lest/article2311652.ece

Komaram Bheem Asifabad District

Komaram Bheem Asifabad District is carved out of erstwhile Adilabad District. It is surrounded by Adilabad, Mancherial, Nirmal districts and the Maharashtra state.

Head Quarters : Asifabad
Revenue Divisions : 2
Mandals : 15
Population : 592,831
Area : 4,300.16

Asifabad comprises 15 mandals and has two revenue divisions – Asifabad and Kaghaznagar. The district headquarter is located at Asifabad, a predominantly tribal town.

The railway line that connects the south and the north of India passes through Asifabad district. Sirpur-Kaghaznagar is a major railway station in the district. It has one RTC depot at Asifabad.

The district’s primary crops include rice, cotton and pulses. Singareni Collieries, Sirpur Paper Mills, many spinning and ginning mills form the industrial profile of the district.

Historically, the district had a glorious past. Asifabad was an important part in the scheme of things of its erstwhile rulers. Fossils of the pre-historic period excavated in and around Asifabad attach archeological importance to this place.

Rivers

Pranahita River flows along the border of Gadchiroli district in Maharashtra and Komaram Bheem Asifabad district in Telangana.

Origin : Thumbidihatti, Kouthala Mandal, Asifabad
Intersection of Wardha and the Wainganga Rivers near the border of Maharashtra and Telangana.
Elevation : 146 m ( 479 ft)
Length : 113 km (70 mi)
Catchment : 1,09,078 km2
Outflow : Godavari River near Kaleshwaram
States : Maharashtra, Telangana
Entire Pranahita River acts as border between Telangana and Maharashtra.
Districts : Komoram Bheem Asifabad, Mancherial, Jayshankar Bhupalpally.

The Pranhita begins at the confluence of 2 extensive rivers - the Wardha and the Wainganga. This junction lies on the border between the states of Maharashtra and Telangana near Kouthala(near Sirpur kagaznagar). Right at the onset, the river enjoys a wide river bed.

Pranhita is the largest tributary of Godavari River covering about 34% of its drainage basin conveying the combined waters of the Penganga River, Wardha River and Wainganga River.

Pranahita River Tributaries in Telangana
Jagannathpur Peddavagu River : Total Length of 100 kms. Originating in Sirpur (U)-Kerameri hills, Komaram Bheem Asifabad district and discharging into the Pranahita river near Murliguda in Bejjur, Komaram Bheem Asifabad discharging into the Pranahita river.

Peddavagu River Tributaries

Yerra vagu joins Peddavagu near Amargonda
Nirail vagu joins Peddavagu near Ainam
Vatti vagu joins Peddavagu near Sarsala
Kol vagu joins Peddavagu near Andavelli
Sivapuram vagu joins Peddavagu near Kothapet
Wankdi vagu joins Peddavagu near Nandupa

Major Irrigation

Sri Komaram Bheem Project is a Medium Irrigation Project proposed across Peddavagu stream near Ada (V), Asifabad (M), Asifabad (Dist).

The scheme is proposed to irrigate an ayacut of (18421 Ha) 45,500 Acres covering in 69 villages in 4 Mandals i.e Asifabad, Wankidi, Kagaznagar and Sirpur (T) of Asifabad District.

The Scheme was administratively sanctioned vide GO RT.No.144 dated 22-01-2005 for Rs.274.14 crores and Revised vide GO RT. No. 1630 dated 13-10-2009 for Rs.450.14 Crores.

Cost of the Project: Rs.882.36 Cr

The project is designed to provide irrigation for 45,500 Acres in 4 mandals of Asifabad district.
IPContemplated :45,500Acres
IP created : 9,500 Acres
Balance IP : 36,000 Acres
Funding Agency : AIBP under PMRP
Funding Pattern 72.6% AIBP Share , 27.4% State Share

Kumram Bheem (22 October 1901 – 8 October 1940) was a tribal leader who fought for the rights of tribals over jal (water), jungle (forest) and zameen (land).

Dr. BR Ambedkar Pranahita Project

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Pranahitha-Chevella Sujala Sravanthi (PCSS) project, conceived by the Congress in 2007 and meant to harness water from the Pranahita tributary of the Godavari river for use in Telangana with the estimated cost of 17,000 crores and spent 1600 crores for canals without the construction of dam.

Since it involved submergence of 3,786 acres of land in Maharashtra, serious concerns were raised by it. The State had strongly objected to the construction of the barrage at the proposed site. The government of Maharashtra had requested to reduce the FRL to + meters so as to minimize the risk of submergence.

In 2016, the Government of Telangana and Government of Maharashtra signed an inter-state agreement with Maharashtra consenting to Tummidihetti Barrage at an FRL of +148 meters. Pranahita Chevella lift irrigation scheme, thereafter was also redesigned as Kaleshwaram Lift Irrigation Project and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Pranahita Project

Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Pranahita Project envisages diversion of 20 TMC of water by constructing a barrage across river Pranahitha near the confluence of rivers Wardha and Wainganga at Tummidi Hetti (V), Koutala(M), Adilabad District of Telangana State. This project contemplates to provide Irrigation facilities for an ayacut of 2,00,000 acres in drought prone areas in East Adilabad District of Telangana State.

Medium Irrigation
Vattivagu project is a Medium Irrigation Project proposed across Vatti Vagu stream near Pahadibanda (V), Asifabad (M), Asifabad (Dist). The scheme is proposed to irrigate an ayacut of 24,500 Acres(9914.91 Ha) covering in 32 villages in 2 Mandals Viz Asifabad, Rebbana of Asifabad District. The crops proposed under this scheme are paddy in Khariff, ID crops in Rabi.
Status : Operation & Maintenance in Progress.

Left Canal : 7 kms

Right Canal : 21.6 kms

Jagannathpur Peddavagu Project is a medium irrigation project situated in Asifabad district. The project envisages the construction of head works comprising Earthen Dam of length 720m excluding Anicut / Barrage of length 330.0 m across Peddavagu near Jagannathpur. The 29 km long Right Flank Main Canal system creates irrigation facilities to an area of 6,073 ha (15,000 acres) and provides drinking water to a population of 9750 persons. Left Regulator at km.0.40 is proposed for future needs.

The project is designed to provide irrigation for 15,000 Acres of Asifabad district

Kagaznagar Mandal - 234.22 Acres Dahegaon Mandal - 14787.25 Acres

A Budgetary Provision of Rs 50.00 Crores is provided during 2018-19.

Funding Pattern : 90% AIBP Share , 10% State Share

Status : In Progress

Palvai Purushotham Rao Project is a medium irrigation Project across Yerravagu Stream Near Kalwada (V) Dahegaon (M) Asifabad (Dist).The Scheme envisages providing irrigation facility to an extent of 11,150 Acres in 17 Villages in the most socially economically backward area of Dahegaon Mandal of Asifabad (Dist).

The project was taken up with NABARD financial assistance under RIDF-V programme to achieve ayacut of 11150 Acres. This project work under Head works and Canal works were completed in full shape and water was let out to the ayacut in Khariff 2003.

The project provides irrigation to an extent of 11150 acres benefiting Dahegaon mandal (9150 Acrs) of Asifabad district and Bheemini (1386.00 Acrs), Vemanpally(614 Acrs) mandal of Mancherial district.

L.F Canal : 16.60 km - 3.26 Cumecs (115.126 Cusecs) - 9000 Acres
R.F Canal : 7.90 km - 0.72 Cumecs (25.42 Cusecs) - 2000 Acres

Tourism
Eco-tourism can be promoted in the pristine natural forests, hillocks, valleys of Kumram Bheem district
Vatti Vaagu project, Gangapur Cave, Movvad village are some of the tourist attractions.

Mandals
Asifabad revenue division

1 Sirpur (U)
2 Lingapur
3 Jainoor
4 Tiryani
5 Asifabad
6 Kerameri
7 Wankidi
8 Rebbena

Kagaznagar revenue division
1 Bejjur
2 Penchicalpet
3 Kagaznagar
4 Koutala
5 Chintalamanepally
6 Dahegoan
7 Sirpur-T

http://asifabad.telangana.gov.in/district-profile/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumaram_Bheem_Asifabad_district

Komaram Bheem

Name : Komaram Bheem or Kumram Bheem (Oct 22, 1901 - Oct 27, 1940)

Born : Oct 22, 1901 into a Gondu Family in Hyderabad State, British India and in current Sankepally Village of Asifabad Mandal in Komaram Bheem District.
Died : Oct 27, 1940. However, the Gondi people considered 8 April 1940 as the death date of Komaram Bheem in Jodheghat Village/hamlet in Hyderabad State, British India and in current Jodheghat Village, Kerameri Mandal in Komaram Bheem Asifabad District.

Father: Komaram Chinnu

Spouse: Som Bai

Siblings: Younger Brother: Kumra Jangu Sister-in-law: Kumram Tuljabai

Komaram Bheem was a revolutionary tribal leader who fought against the Asaf Jahi Dynasty for the freedom of Adivasis. in a guerrilla campaign. He gave the slogan of Jal, Jungle, Jameen ( Water, Forest, Land). It means the people who live in forests should have rights on all the resources of the forest.

Komaram Bheem will forever remain a leader and icon for his contributions to the age-long Adivasi struggle of 'Jal Jangal Jameen'. He was the heart-throb of the Gond tribes, whose hearts were in the forests of current Asifabad.

When Komaram Bheem was barely 15 years old his father Komaram Chinnu was killed by forest officials for asserting Adivasis’ rights.

After his father’s death, his family migrated to Sardapur village in Kerimeri Mandal. Young Komaram Bheem was agitated over his father’s cold-blooded murder.

Bheem married a woman named Som Bai, moved to Bhabejhari in the interior of the Gond lands and settled down and leading a normal life by Jhum farming. During the time of harvest, he was approached by forest officials who tried to force him to leave arguing that the land belonged to the state. A jagirdar named Sidhiki, an informer of Nizam, occupied Bheems land. Bheem killed Sidhiki out of anger and escaped from police to hide in Assam. After that he worked as a laborer in coffee and tea plantations for five years. He experienced labor agitations. He learned how to read and write. He understood the situation in his place through his close friend Komaram Sooru, who was his secret informer.

He was annoyed when the atrocities against the tribal families by the forest officials increased manifold. Above all, the Nizam government levied cess on the tribal people when they graze their cattle in the forest areas.
The forest officials forcibly collected this cess from Adivasis. The landlords had even taken away the Podu cultivable land from Adivasis. They had also levied heavy cess on the grain cultivated by them.

Komaram Bheem launched a massive agitation against the Nizam government in protest against the atrocities on the tribal population. He started guerrilla warfare against Nizam army.

Komaram Bheem resented the illegal cess on Podu cultivation which was a right of the Adivasis. Bheem brought the Adivasis together and waged war against Nizam army.

The guerrilla army of Bheem attacked a number of landlords and killed them. Komaram Bheem claimed that Jal, Jungle, Jameen belonged to only Adivasis and the Nizam has no right over here. Making Jode Ghat the centre of his activities, Bheem continued his guerrilla war from 1928 to 1940.

After waging a relentless struggle against the Nizam’s army, a traitor, Kurdhu Patel informed the Nizam army about the hiding place of Bheem which resulted in indiscriminate firing at Bheem and his followers at Jodeghat. Bheem and his twelve followers died in the firing on October 27, 1940 which was the day of Aswiyuja Pournami. However, Adivasis consider the Aswiyujna Pournami as the death anniversary of Bheem and observe it every year.

Thedat...thedat...police vather
The Gond rebels at Jodeghat were jolted out of their sleep early that morning in October 1940 as the women came running and shouting to wake them up.

The women, who were out to fetch drinking water , had spotted armed policemen surrounding their village as they came looking for Komaram Bheem, the tribal leader who dared to question the authority of the Nizams of Hyderabad. It was three years since Bheem had been leading a rebellion on the question of rights of tribal people to pastures and the lands being tilled by them in the forests .

Bheem, who was camping at Jodeghat with a handful of his warriors, were instantly up and got ready by arming themselves . Most of the rebels could manage to get hold of axes, sickles and bamboo sticks. Asifabad Talukdar Abdul Sattar, a personification of the Nizams’ tyrannytried to get Bheem to surrender through emissaries.

After refusal for the third time by Bheem to submit himself , Sattar ordered to open fire . The tribal rebels could do nothing but went down fighting. "As many as 15 warriors besides Bheem attained martyrdom. The incident plunged the tribals into gloom on that full moon day,” the late Maru master and Bhadu master, the close aides of Bheem, used to say whenever they wound up their narrative of the incident. Not many, however, got to see the martyrs as the bodies were burnt unceremoniously.

Hemen Darf, an anthropologist from Germany, researched the issue of tribal rights and recommended to the Nizam’s Government that it start an exclusive tribal welfare society.

http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/the-legend-of-komaram-bheem/article5239314.ece

http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2015-10-27/Komaram-Bheems-ideals-to-be-kept-alive/182689

https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2016-10-16/Komaram-Bheems-death-anniversary-today/259003

P.V. Narasimha Rao

Name : Pamulaparti Venkata Narasimha Rao (P.V.)
Born : 28 June, 1921 in Laknepalli, Warangal Rural, Telangana

Died : 11 AM - 23 December 2004, New Delhi, India.

Profession : Lawyer, Politician

Education : Osmania, University of Mumbai,Nagpur University

P.V. Narasimha Rao was the 10th Prime Minister of India from 1991 to 1996, who was the first holder of this office from non-Hindi-speaking south India.

He won eight consecutive elections and spent more than 50 years in his Congress party before becoming the prime minister of India. A father of eight children, he spoke 10 languages, and was a proficient translator. He first travelled abroad when he was 53, mastered two computer languages and wrote computer code in his 60s.

He ascended into Prime Ministerial office at a time when India was

stuck at its worst phase of economic turmoil. His keen foresight had initiated India to a path of liberalization, the ripples of which are felt by the country till date. Apart from being an astute politician, he was also a polyglot and a fond writer.

Probably the most under-rated leader, P.V.Narasimha Rao can be considered as one of the makers of modern India. If India has managed to shed it’s image of snake charmers and turned into a major IT hub and a promising economic superpower in the making, a significant part of the credit for this transformation must go to PV due to his bold economic reforms.

Often remembered as the 'Father of Indian Economic Reforms', PV Narasimha Rao saw many ups and downs in his career and personal life as well. He revolutionalised the Indian economy by courageously adopting modern policies that were never taken up before and pursued his passion for literature throughout his life.

Narasimha Rao was popularly called “modern day’s Chanakya” for being a visionary and steering in tough economic and political reforms at a time when India was going through one of the severest economic crises.

He could speak 9 Indian languages (Telugu, Hindi, Oriya, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Sanskrit, Tamil and Urdu) and 8 foreign languages ( English, French, Arabic, Spanish, German, Greek, Latin and Persian).

The only Telugu Man who has been the Prime Minister of India.

Under Rao’s governance, the Rupee was made convertible on trade account.
The idea of a nuclear test in India was first mooted by Narsimha Rao, though it was implemented by Atal Bihari Vyajpayee.

Rao played a vital role in the freedom struggle against the Nizam who ruled Hyderabad during the 1940s.

He along with his cousin, edited a Telugu weekly magazine called Kakatiya Patrika from 1948 to 1955.

A number of ministers across parties, including BJP leader Subramanian Swamy supported Rao’s name for the Bharat Ratna.

He initiated the ‘look East’ policy. It was during his tenure that India first recognized and revived its links with South-East Asia.

Narasimha Rao was the first PM of India to lead a minority government for a full term.

Came from a humble home. His intellectual centre was India.
He was adopted at the age of three by P. Ranga Rao and Rukminiamma, who hailed from agrarian families.

After completing his schooling he enrolled at the Arts college at the Osmania University from where he earned his Bachelor’s degree. He continued his studies at the Hislop College where he completed a Master’s degree in law.

When freedom struggle was at it’s peak in the State of Hyderabad, was nurtured by Late Swami Ramananda Tirtha of Hyderabad Princely State who played a very important role and guided the liberation movement against the oppressing Nizam. Rao trained himself as a guerrilla fighter to revolt against the Nizam and risked his life because the Nizam’s army was instructed to shoot such freedom fighters at sight.

In his autobiography, PV mentions that on 15-Aug-1947, while the nation was celebrating independence, PV was stranded in a forest trying to evade bullets from the Nizam’s army. Eventually, PV and his guerrilla team survived the gruesome war.

After independence, joined full time politics.

1957 - 1977 : Member, Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly

1962 - 1964 : Minister of Law and Information
1964 - 1967 : Law and Endowments,
1967 : Health and Medicine
1968 - 1971 : Education

When the Indian National Congress split in 1969 Rao stayed on the side of then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and remained loyal to her during the Emergency period (1975 - 77)

September 1971 - January 1973 : 4th Chief Minister of United Andhra Pradesh. Well remembered for his land reforms and strict implementation of land ceiling acts.

1968 - 1974 : Chairman, Telugu Academy, Andhra Pradesh

1972 : Vice-President, Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha, Madras,

1975 - 1976 : General Secretary, All India Congress Committee

1977 - 1984 : Member, Lok Sabha

Elected to Eighth Lok Sabha from Ramtek in December, 1984.

1978 - 1979 : Chairman, Public Accounts Committee

He participated in a Conference on South Asia convened by the School of Asian and African Studies, London University. Shri Rao also Chaired Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan’s Andhra Centre;

Jan 14, 1980 - Jul 18, 1984 : Ministry of External Affairs
Jun 19, 1983 : “India’s Cultural Influence on Western Europe since the Age of Romanticism” speech given at Alpach, Austria

Jul 19, 1984 - Dec 31, 1984 : Minister of Home Affairs

Dec 31, 1984 - Sep 25, 1985 : Minister of Defence

Sep 25, 1985 : Minister of Human Resource Development

He handled Home, External, Defence and Foreign Affairs in the cabinets of both Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi. He rose to prominence during this time.

PV had distinguished tenure as a foreign minister and he made a mark as an astute politician and calm and cool negotiator.

Jun 21, 1991 - May 16, 1996 : Prime Minister of India

By June 1991, India was facing a near-existential crisis.

Rajiv Gandhi had been murdered. The economy had tanked. The country had just enough foreign exchange to pay for two weeks of imports. Oil prices had trebled after the 1990 Gulf War, crippling an economy largely dependent on imported oil. Remittances from Indians working in the Middle East plummeted; and skittish Indians living abroad withdrew some $900m (£680m) from Indian banks.

Two weeks after Mr Rao took power, India sent 21 tonnes of gold to the Bank of England so that India could get dollars to delay defaulting on outstanding loans. Three states - Punjab, Kashmir and Assam - were wracked by separatist violence. The Soviet Union, India's closest internationally ally, was imploding.
Philosophical mentor

And yet, despite these odds, the doughty Mr Rao pushed reforms like no other Indian leader - foreign investment limits were raised, the stifling licensing system dismantled, monopolies of state-owned companies removed, tariffs reduced, and capital markets and banking reforms were undertaken. He did this by handpicking a technocrat finance minister Manmohan Singh, who later became prime minister himself. He also chose a bunch of officers, who were liberalisers, and backed them to the hilt. He even had his spooks gather reports on Sonia Gandhi and senior party members on their position on economic reforms.

To cut a long story short, the gamble paid off.

By 1994, India's GDP was increasing by 6.7% a year - and would be more than 8% for his final two years. Profits for private companies increased by 84%. Foreign exchange reserves had swelled by more than 15 times. The first private radio stations and airlines began operations. "The India that Mr Rao had inherited was... second-rate. By 1994, this pessimism had given way to confidence that India could compete with the best in the world without losing her soul," writes Sitapati in Half Lion: How PV Narasimha Rao Transformed India, his meticulously researched, warts-and-all, biography of the leader.

Dec 6, 1992 : Members of the VHP demolished the Babri Mosque (which was constructed by India's first Mughal emperor, Babar) in Ayodhya on 6 December 1992. The site is believed by Hindus to be the birthplace of the Hindu god Rama and is believed by the Hindu Community to be a place of a Hindu temple created in the early 16th century. The destruction of the disputed structure, which was widely reported in the international media, unleashed large scale communal violence, the most extensive since the Partition of India. Hindus were indulged in massive rioting across the country, and almost every major city including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Bhopal struggled to control the Unrest. Many criticized the Rao administration for failing to quell the riots.

March 12, 1993 : Rao's crisis management after the March 12, 1993 Bombay bombings was highly praised. He personally visited Bombay after the blasts and after seeing evidence of Pakistani involvement in the blasts, ordered the intelligence community to invite the intelligence agencies of the US, UK and other West European countries to send their counter-terrorism experts to Bombay to examine the facts for themselves.
May 11, 1995 : His speech on Mahatma Gandhi at Unesco was a masterpiece.

Sep 30, 1993 : A strong earthquake in Latur, Maharashtra, also killed 10,000 people and displaced hundreds of thousands in 1993. Rao was applauded by many for using modern technology and resources to organize major relief operations to assuage the stricken people, and for schemes of economic reconstruction.

“Despite his caricature as being indecisive, Narasimha Rao was one of the most decisive leaders this nation has seen. On all crucial issues, he took decisions that have continued to shape India’s rise over the last two decades.

To historians, he was a man whose tenure as Prime Minister was highly eventful and important for modern India – one that should not be overlooked. It is, therefore, a sad thing that his name has been more or less disregarded in India’s history books, and his stature ignored in the annals of Indian politics.

Poet
A man of many interests, he likes music, cinema and theatre. His special interest lies in Indian philosophy and culture, writing fiction and political commentary, learning languages, writing poems in Telugu and Hindi and keeping abreast of literature in general. He has successfully published ‘SahasraPhan’, a Hindi translation of late Shri Viswanatha Satyanarayana’s famous Telegu Novel ‘Veyi Padagalu’ published by Jnanpith; ‘Abala Jeevitam’, Telugu translation of late Shri Hari Narayan Apte’s famous Marathi Novel, “Pan Lakshat Kon gheto”, published by Central Sahitya Academy. He translated other famous works from Marathi to Telugu and from Telugu to Hindi, and published many articles in different magazines mostly under a pen name. He lectured at Universities in the U.S.A. and West Germany on political matters and allied subjects. As Minister of External Affairs he travelled extensively to U.K., West Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Egypt in 1974.

The alleged scams and charges of paying money as bribes stood between PV and his political future. However, he came out of these clean recently not before he was humiliated, mentally tortured and subjected to negligence by his own party. Fall of Congress Govt, Rise of BJP and return of Mrs. Sonia Gandhi to the center stage of congress politics pushed PV into a state of oblivion. He faced all humiliations and court cases with courage and determination and even a novice in politics knows that he did not receive any support from his own party that he served with dedication and sincerity for decades.

A titan humiliated in death

He suffered a heart attack on 9 December 2004 and died 14 days later on 23 December 2004, at the age of 83.

Unfortunately when he was admitted to the hospital in New Delhi, some of the leaders were too enthusiastic and eager to announce his death and even passed a condolence message in hurry. PV in his typical amicable style announced from the hospital that he was still alive and these leaders had to wait for some more time. A tragedy indeed. At last the spirit of PV left his tired and worn-out body hoping that at least after his death, his mortal remains would be confined to flames in a befitting way at New Delhi with all dignities. Sadly, it was not to be as the future events proved. Alas! Fate however laughed at him in death too. The last request of PV to be cremated at New Delhi was not granted and his body was sent to Hyderabad for a State funeral. The former Indian Prime Ministers who all died while in position (Except Rajeev Gandhi) were cremated on the Yamuna banks at New Delhi. Including Sanjay Gandhi who was only an MP who died in an aircraft accident. It is very strange that the mortal remains of a distinguished Prime Minister were packed off to Hyderabad Ways of Indian politics are really weird indeed.

The body of Late PV had to further go through the ordeals and hiccups before it was confined to flames with the mandatory gun salute. At Gandhi Bhavan the citadel of Congress party in the State, the cartage was delayed at the gate for the reasons known best to the leaders concerned. At last, his sons under the overall supervision of Army consigned PVs body to the flames. However, the greatest insult to PV was still awaited even after his death. His half burnt body with head, shoulders, Torso intact was left lying on the pyre while the flames died down . There was none to care to ensure that the body was completely reduced to ashes. Some passers by aghast at the sight informed the authorities who rushed to the spot to complete the formalities. The photograph of the ghastly sight of the half burnt body staring at the sky was published in the newspapers. It looked as if PV was feeling sorry for the way the leaders treated him in his last journey and it was the misfortune of the Telugu people to witness such events. The distinguished scholar Statesman from our Telugu land had to meet most humiliating treatment at the hands of our leaders during his last journey after rendering most distinguished service to the nation. It speaks very low of Telugu people as a whole. I am sure at last the soul of PV must be happy and relieved of thankless people around him in the political field. All sane persons would surely miss him in years to come. We are definitely deprived of a Statesman scholar and such persons are born once in a while in this world amidst gangsters, criminals, cheats, thieves, gravediggers, opportunists, pseudo politicians, camp followers and sycophants who are masquerading as leaders in politics.

With half burnt body left on the funeral pyre staring at sky the Statesman was left high and dry by our thankless men. It was the day of eternal shame for our State. The insults to the great man are difficult even to pen.

Unsung hero of the India story

P.V Narasimha Rao reinvented India – so why is he the forgotten man?

It's unfortunate that the nation barely remembers Narasimha Rao, architect of the new India

The Congress party doesn’t want to remember him: it is based entirely on loyalty to the Gandhi family, and Rao was not a family member. But the nation should remember Rao as the man who changed India, and the world too.

If Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru gave the country a vibrant democracy, Rao (and Vajpayee) gave it a modern economy.In the 2000s, the cumulative effect of gradual reform finally made India an 8.5% miracle growth economy. Rao got no glory for this. How unjust! He deserves a high place in economic history for challenging the Bank-IMF approach on painful austerity, and focusing instead on a few key changes that produced fast growth with minimum pain. The World Bank itself later changed its policy and started targeting “binding constraints” (like industrial licensing).

It is a sad fact that the nation has failed to recognise this remarkable and only full-term prime minister from a southern state in any substantive manner. Alas, even the recently built airport in Hyderabad was named after Rajiv Gandhi.

PV Narasimha Rao is getting recognition at last, with Telangana deciding to honor the former Prime Minister posthumously, has declared that his birthday, June 28, will be celebrated henceforth as a State event.

Half Lion: How P.V. Narasimha Rao Transformed India; Vinay Sitapati - A portrait of P.V. Narasimha Rao that argues convincingly why he deserves to be ranked with popular world leaders.

Sitapati lavishes high praise on NarasimhaRao’s quiet but effective steps in restoring political stability, firmly laying the path to economic progress and launching new plans and projects for industrial development. As Atal Bihari Vajpayee said NarasimhaRao was the ‘true father’ of India’s nuclear programme. Scientist Dr. Arunachalam said that of the five prime ministers he worked with, Rao was the best in understanding the importance of technology in building national policy. Dr.A.P.J.AbdulKalam, lauding the professional excellence of NarasimhaRao, said that for Rao the ‘nation is bigger than the political system’. In the words of prime minister Vajpayee: “Rao told me that the bomb was ready. I only exploded it”. Sitapati writes that Rao was also the ‘crafter of a fresh vision for India in the world’.

The author is at his best in portraying Rao as a queer combination of lion, fox and mouse. “This ability to assess the situation and play mouse, lion or fox – as need be – was Rao’s paramount skill”. Analyzing the qualities of Rao’ head and heart Sitapati writes that as a young man Rao’s personality contained both Hamlet and Don Quixote. In childhood Rao ‘loved the sixteenth century Telugu poem RaghavaPandaveeyam that could be read as both Ramayana and Mahabharata as the situation demanded’. He displayed ‘a skill in dealing with state politicians that Indira Gandhi and Rajiv lacked’. Sitapati writes that Rao faced the same question which Machiavelli had tried to answer four centuries earlier. ‘How does one use power to do good, if gaining and wielding power requires one to do evil? ‘

"Rao was ahead of his times." It is a sentiment echoed by many in India today.

http://www.primepost.in/opinion/a-lively-narrative-of-a-turning-point-in-democratic-india.html

http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pv-narasimha-rao-10-things-you-did-not-know-about-modern-indias-chanakya/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao

http://guruprasad.net/posts/p-v-narasimha-rao-the-forgotten-hero-and-architect-of-modern-india/

http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/p-v-narasimha-rao-5510.php

https://natnewsnet.wordpress.com/2011/10/08/a-titan-humiliated-in-death-too-the-saga-of-late-pv-narsimha-rao-the-former-pm-of-india/

http://swaminomics.org/unsung-hero-of-the-india-story/

http://indiatoday.intoday.in/education/story/pv-narasimha-rao/1/702436.html

http://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/former_pm/shri-p-v-narasimha-rao-2/

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-36791913

https://thelogicalindian.com/story-feed/exclusive/remembering-pv-narasimha-rao-the-forgotten-prime-minister/

Telangana Districts

Telangana has 33 districts from 17th February 2019. Telangana had 10 districts and changed to 31 on 11th October, 2016.

Panchayati raj (council of five officials) is the system of local self-government of villages in rural India as opposed to urban and suburban municipalities.

Telangana's Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier structure in rural areas and a two-tier structure for urban local bodies (ULBs). The system includes:

Gram panchayats: The smallest and only permanent unit in the Panchayati Raj system
Mandal parishads: 127 in Telangana
Zilla parishads: 33 in Telangana
Municipalities: 141 in Telangana
Municipal corporations: 13 in Telangana

In Telangana, a "Zilla Parishad" represents the district-level governing body, a "Mandal" is the block-level governing body, and a "Gram Panchayat" is the village-level governing body, with the Zilla Parishad overseeing the Mandal which in turn oversees the Gram Panchayat; essentially, the Zilla Parishad is the highest tier of local governance, followed by the Mandal, and then the Gram Panchayat at the grassroots level.

Gram Panchayat consists of a village or a group of villages divided into smaller units called “Wards”. Each ward selects or elects a representative who is known as the Panch or ward member. The members of the Gram Sabha elect the ward members through a direct election.

In Telangana, a "mandal" is a larger administrative unit encompassing multiple "gram panchayats," which are the basic units of local governance at the village level; essentially, a mandal is a group of villages governed by several gram panchayats under a single administrative head, similar to a tehsil in other parts of India.

Gram panchayat: The village council, where people 18 and older vote for their representatives. The elected representatives, along with the sarpanch, make up the gram panchayat. The sarpanch is the elected leader of the gram panchayat and is also known as the gram pradhan, mukhiya, or president.

The president (sarpanch) and vice president (upa-sarpanch) in a gram Panchayat are elected from among the elected ward members. the term of office for elected members in a Gram Panchayat, including the Sarpanch and Upa-Sarpanch, is typically five years.

Zilla Parishad members in Telangana are elected in a few ways:

Direct election: Villagers directly elect members of the Zilla Parishad.
Indirect election: Ward members indirectly elect members of the Zilla Parishad.
Government appointment: The government may also appoint members of the Zilla Parishad.
Co-opted members: Zilla Praja Parishad Territorial Constituencies (ZPTCs) co-opt two members from minorities, such as Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and Parsis.

In Telangana Mandal parishad (MPTC) members are elected by people in each mandal who vote for their representative and The Zilla Parishad (ZPTC) is made up of MPTC members, the president, and the vice president. The president and vice president are elected from among the elected MPTC members.

Elections are held every five years, and all residents of the district's Zilla Parishad territory who are over the age of 18 are eligible to vote.

Mandal Praja Parishads General Body meeting will be conducted with in every 90 days to review and monitor developmental activities.

The Government appoints Mandal Parishad Development Officer for each Mandal Praja Parishad as he has to look after executive orders and instructions of the Government and Mandal Praja Parishad.

A Village Panchayat is responsible for basic village-level functions like sanitation, water management, maintaining public spaces, and minor infrastructure repairs, while a Mandal oversees development activities at the block level, and a Zilla Parishad manages larger scale development projects across an entire district, including coordinating between different blocks and planning major infrastructure initiatives.

Responsibilities

Village Panchayat (Gram Panchayat):

Basic infrastructure: Maintaining village roads, street lights, public buildings, and drainage systems.
Sanitation and hygiene: Implementing cleanliness drives, managing waste disposal, and promoting hygiene practices.
Water management: Overseeing water distribution systems, maintaining wells and ponds.
Community welfare: Organizing social events, addressing local grievances, and providing support to vulnerable groups.
Tax collection: Collecting local taxes for village development projects.

Mandal (Block Panchayat):

Coordination between villages: Facilitating communication and collaboration between different village panchayats within a block.
Rural development programs: Implementing government schemes related to agriculture, health, education, and women's empowerment at the block level.
Monitoring and evaluation: Supervising the progress of development projects in villages under its jurisdiction.
Resource allocation: Distributing funds received from the Zilla Parishad to different village panchayats based on need.
Land management: Overseeing land records and resolving land disputes within the block.

Zilla Parishad (District Council):

District-level planning: Creating comprehensive development plans for the entire district, including infrastructure projects, education initiatives, and healthcare facilities.
Budget allocation: Distributing funds to different Mandal panchayats based on the district development plan.
Major infrastructure projects: Initiating and overseeing large-scale projects like road construction, irrigation systems, and power grids.
Monitoring and evaluation: Assessing the overall effectiveness of development programs across the district
Capacity building: Providing training and support to the staff of Mandal panchayats and Village Panchayats

Revenue

Only 1% of the revenue of panchayats was earned by them, with the rest being raised as grants from the State and the Centre, show data. Specifically, 80% of the revenue was from Central government grants; only 15% was from State government grants. Consequently, the revenue raised by panchayats formed a minuscule share of the States’ own revenue.

Government grants: The state and central governments distribute a portion of their tax revenues to rural local bodies like Gram Panchayats. For example, the Fifteenth Finance Commission allocates grants to Gram Panchayats, Mandal Praja Parishads, and Zilla Praja Parishads in a ratio of 85:10:5%.
Taxes: Gram Panchayats can collect taxes on houses and marketplaces. However, their own revenue sources are limited, and they can't levy taxes on exported goods.
Donations: Gram Panchayats can receive donations for community works.

In Telangana, Mandal Praja Parishads receive funds from the Zilla Praja Parishad, which distributes funds from the state and central governments

Central and state governments transfer funds to Zilla Parishads and Village Panchayats through a system of "assigned revenue sharing" where a portion of the state's tax collection is allocated to these local bodies based on recommendations from the State Finance Commission, usually following a formula that considers factors like population, area, and poverty levels;these funds are then transferred directly to the respective Zilla Parishad and Panchayat accounts, enabling them to carry out development projects in their jurisdiction.

A Gram Panchayat in India prepares a budget annually for the following year that includes estimated receipts and disbursements. The budget is then submitted to the Zilla Parishad, which may approve it or return it to the Gram Panchayat for modifications. The Gram Panchayat must resubmit the budget for approval after making modifications.

In India, the state government primarily allocates funds to Zilla Parishads (district councils), which then further distribute a portion of these funds to the Village Panchayats based on factors like population, geographical area, development needs, and performance indicators outlined by the State Finance Commission; essentially, the central government provides funds to the state, which then decides the division between Zilla Parishads and Village Panchayats according to its own guidelines and priorities.

The Panchayat Raj and Rural Development Department is a cabinet-level ministry in the Government of Telangana. The Panchayat Raj Engineering Department (PRED) functions under the Ministry of Panchayati Raj and Rural Development

Constitution (Seventy-third Amendment) Act, 1992: This act requires state governors to establish a Finance Commission to review the financial situation of Panchayats. The commission makes recommendations to the governor on how to distribute taxes, duties, tolls, and fees between the state and Panchayats. The commission also recommends how to allocate grants-in-aid to Panchayats from the state's Consolidated Fund.

"Devolution of Power and Funds to Panchayati Raj Institutions" refers to the process of transferring authority and financial resources from the state government to local self-governing bodies called "Panchayati Raj Institutions" in India, essentially giving them more autonomy to manage local affairs and development projects at the village and district levels.

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