Kolanupaka is said to be known by different names in the past, Bimbavatipuram, Kottiyapaka, Kollihaka, Kollipaka and Kolanpak, Kollipakanadu is located in Yadadri Bhuvanagiri district.
Vikrama- ditya VI in 1076 who ruled for half a century in whose period Kollipaka enjoyed peaceful life . There are six inscriptions of this king in Kollipaka. During Vikramaditya VI's ( A.D. 1076-1126 ) reign , his son Somesvara governed many Mandalas of the kingdom with his headquarters at Kollipaka
Kollipaka was a great military centre and Jain centre too, Kumara Tailapa constructed a Jain temple at Kollipaka .
Kollipaka - 9000
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Vikrama- ditya VI in 1076 who ruled for half a century in whose period Kollipaka enjoyed peaceful life . There are six inscriptions of this king in Kollipaka. During Vikramaditya VI's ( A.D. 1076-1126 ) reign , his son Somesvara governed many Mandalas of the kingdom with his headquarters at Kollipaka
Kollipaka was a great military centre and Jain centre too, Kumara Tailapa constructed a Jain temple at Kollipaka .
Kollipaka - 9000
Kollipaka-7000
Pembarthi
Rashtrakutas
Ratta Dynasty (875-1250)
Ratta dynasty was a minor Indian dynasty who ruled over the Belagavi region of modern Karnataka as a branch of Rashtrakutas and it is held by some authorities that the Rattas were Raddis ( Kan . Radderu ) . It is certain that they still claim descent from Hem Ratti , who , in their tradition, was the son of Kudavakkal and brother of Kurupi. The Raddis speak Kanarese, but some use Telugu as their home tongue.
846 AD - 888 AD : Sankarganda I
Jaffarghad, Warangal District.This inscription is inscribed on a rock-wall of the tank near the Narasimhaswamy temple on the hill (Velpugonda). The inscription is composed in beautiful Kannada verses of the 10th century A.D. It begins with the description of the general Panara of the Rashtrakuta lineage, possessing garuda lanchhana. Certain Sankaraganda of this line of chiefs is said to have constructed the tank on the hill Velpugonda. There is a mention of the king Amoghavarsha Nrupatunga I (r. 814 – 878 CE), of the main Rashṭrakuta line.
25th September, 846 AD : Mallikarjuna Palli, Sadasivpet Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a slab in front of Mallikarjuna temple of the village. This inscription was badly worn out and damaged. It registers the gift of 12 marttars of land and one marttar of wetland as per rajamana, to the temple of Isvara of Piriya Pippari, by Kommana, lord of Panuravadi - 27000 while Sankaraganda was administering the area, after washing the feet of the priest Bankeya and another marttar of wetland in the same gramam as Siddhaya. It also registers the gift of land to the Jinalaya of Munipalle by Permmanadi Devaraya of Pippari. Vasudeva bhatara of Munipalle was the engraver.
888 AD : An inscription belonging to 888 AD was found on a rock at Mettugutta hillock at Kazipet. An archaeology and history enthusiast Sunil Samudrala found the inscription in Telugu script under the feet of an idol of the 15th Jain Tirthankara Dharmanatha, also known as Jino Brahama.
Many ruined Jain temples or shrines and sculptures can be seen in Warangal, Hanmakonda, Kazipet and Madikonda as evidence of the influence of Jainism.
He said a Jain temple/shrine known as ‘Jaina Basadi’ was also identified at Mettugutta. It is said that many Jaina Basadis were built by Mahamandaleshwarudu Shankaragandaras of Kolanupaka during Rashtrakuta rulers period (753 AD – 982 AD).
Chalukyas of Kalyana (973 AD - 1163 AD)
Kolanupaka, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri District.
Feudatories of Western Chalukyas
Haihaya ChiefsChanda
Nimba
Allapuli
Chanda bhupalaka II
913 AD - 972 AD: Ayyana or Ayyanayya (Nurmadi Dhavala) and Gommarasa I
913 AD : Padaturu, Nalgonda
This Kannada inscription, engraved on a pillar, set up in front of Ramalingesvarasvami temple, belongs to the reign of Rashtrakuta king Nityavarsha (Khottiga or Amoghavarsha IV (r. 967–972 CE). It refers to mahasamanta Nurmadi dhavala and to his subordinate chief Gommarasa, who was administering Kollipaka nadu-7000 division. Dated Saka 835, Srimukha (A.D 913), it registers the grant of several lands along with income from tax siddhaya by Chamangamunda, son of Aydamayya, to the temple raised by the former. Aydamayya is stated to have been ruling over Padaturu.
Nurmadi Tailapa II claimed descent from the earlier Chalukyas of Vatapi (Badami), and initially ruled as a Rashtrakuta vassal from the Tardavadi-1000 province in the modern Bijapur district of Karnataka. When the Rashtrakuta power declined following an invasion by the Paramara king Siyaka, Tailapa overthrew the Rashtrakuta king Karka II, and established a new dynasty.
972 AD : Manthapuri, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a stone pillar near the old temple near the tank outside the village. The record does not refer to any overlord. Certain Maha-Samantadhipati named Ayyanayya, who bears the titles, Ranadhira, Nurmadi-dhavala, Nanniya-Meru etc., is stated to have made a gift of garden, and lands according to Rajamana to the deity Ranadhiresvara, obviously, installed after his own title by Kuchi [Go]ravaru in the village Manthapura. The aruvana of the land for the two crops is twenty pons.
972 AD - 979 AD : Santivarmarasa
1015 AD : Rajendra Chola of Chola dynasty killed Ayyana II (1014 AD -1015 AD) in battle and occupied Kollipaka region.
Jayasimha II (1015 - 1042 AD) also known as Jagadhekamalla I and Mallikamoda
Jayasimha II fought with cholas and recaptured kollipaka region.
1027 AD - 1032 AD : Revarasa
Mūradi Gaṇḍa was the title of Rēvarasa thus taking him to be the son of Chanda II
Mahasamanta Dandanatha Rebbarasa mentioned in a record of A.D. 1027
1032 AD - 1042 AD : Nannapaya
1032 AD : Kolanupaka This record in Kannada range in data from Saka 954 (A.D. 1032) in the reign of Jagadekamalla (Jayasimha) refers to an endowment of the village Gadicheruvu included in Anemargge-70 by the king's maneverggade Nannapaya for offerings to the god Nanni- Narayana.
1033 AD : Kolanupaka.
4th January A.D. 1033 : Telugu and Kannada.
This inscription is on a stone in the Chandikamba temple. It seems that a certain Nanni Kamiyavve, gave a gift of land as Sarvanamasya to the god Gadicherumula in Akemarga-70.
Kolanupaka : This inscription is on a stone in the temple of Chandikamba. States that, while the Chalukya emperor Jagadekamalladeva was ruling the kingdom of the earth, his Manevarggada Nannapayya seems to have made some gift to the temple of Chandikamba. The priest Srita Chandradeva is stated to have been the manager of the temple.
1040 AD : Mahasamanta Bikkarasa of Kollipaka15th February, 1040 AD : Akkaram, Gazvel
This inscription is on a pillar set up in the Mosque. The inscription records the gift of gadde land measuring 1000 marttars in the village Baliya Kurumariya-36 to Jnanesvara Pandita, after washing his feet at the instance of certain Ballavarasa, towards repairs and daily rites of the temple by Ayvabadevi, wife of mahasamanta Bikkarasa of Kollipaka.
1042 AD - 1054 AD : Kommanayya or Kommanayyarasa10th July, 1046 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription on the pillars dug out from the main street in the village. Seems to record the remission of taxes (?) by the settis, gamundas and the prajes of Kollipake while mahamandalesvara Kommanayyarasa was ruling over Kollipake-7000.
March 10. 1047 AD : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is in Kannada prose dated Saka 696 Vyaya, Chaitra Sukla 11, Monday. The Saka year does not agree with Vyaya but it tallies with Sarvajit. The week day also differs in both cases. However, it roughly corresponds to A.D. 1047, March 10, when Saka 969 is taken.
The inscription belongs to the reign of Chalukya Trailokyamalla as ruling from Kollapura and refers to his feudatory Mahamandalesvara Kommanayya as administering Kollipaka-7,000. The main contents of the grant portion are damaged.
1047 AD : Kolanupaka
Of the inscriptions of Somesvara, the earliest, dated Saka 968, records a remission of taxes by Kommanayyarasa, who ruled over Kollipake-7000 division; the next, dated Saka 969 (A.D. 1047), records a gift of income on the levy on salt (lavana) for the upkeep of a tank by the 'six settis' and 'one hundred and twenty' nagaras, obviously of Kollipake.
1064 AD : Buddharasa
27th August,1064 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri Mandal. : Western Chalukya
The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of Chalukya Trailokyamalladeva, ruling from Kalyana and introduces his subordinate Mahamandalesvara Buddharasa, who bears a string of titles. At his instance his minister Pergade Kavanayya is stated to have given certain privileges with regard to the collection of dues in the amgadi in favour of certain Kalapasetti.
1034 AD - 1077 AD: Aggalarasa or Ganga Permanadi Aggeyarasa
1034 AD : S. 956 Saidapur record mentions Aggalarasa, and expert in medicine and surgery
1050 AD : Kolkuru : Dated Saka 972 the inscription registers some gift by Pampa Pennmanadi on the occasion of Pattoddhati of the Yuvaraja Bijjarasa while Trailokyamalladevarasa was ruling the kingdom
1067 AD Koteya Bhimarasa
1067 AD : Somesvara inscription dated Saka 973 (A.D. 1051) refers to the king as ruling from Payithana. Two more epigraphs of this king, dated Saka 986 and 989, mention respectively his feudatories Buddha- varasa and Koteya Bhimarasa, of whom the latter, bearing the epithet Manya- katakapuravaresvara, is stated to have been the governor of Kollipake-7000.
30th April 1067 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a stone slab in the ceiling of the Chandika shrine. The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of the Chalukya king Trailokyamalladeva. His subordinate Mahamandalesvara Kote Bhimarasar who bears a string of titles, is stated to have made the gift of all the minor taxes of the devabhoga village Gadicheruvu included in Mandhenapura-70 to the god Sri Svayambhu Somesvara and Nanninarayana Vishnudeva of the capital Kollipaka, while he was governing the province of Kollipaka-7000. Bhimarasar bears the title Dhanyakatakapuravaresvara, the Lord of the town of Dhanyakataka, which is identifiable with the famous Dharanikota near Amaravati. His other epithets are Gandabherunda, [chi?]dpuli- vadhu-mangalasutra-harana, Chamundaraya-Chanura Murantaka, Kaligada mogadakai, Siddhi Cholamrigasardüla, Mallachola mastaka sula, etc. This Bhima is probably Bhima I of the Kota family of Dharanikota. It is note-worthy that he joined the service of the Chalukya king Trailokyamalla and fought against the Cholas in the coastal region.
1065 AD - 1077 AD : Asagarasa
8th September, 1065 AD : Mulugu, Gazvel Taluk, Medak.
Asagarasar, bearing the title Kollipakeyagova.
This inscription is on a pillar near the Panchayat office. The inscription seems to confer the office of the headmenship on Kati raddi and Mini raddi in the presence of the Mahajanas of Baliya Molugu-30 falling within Chandanapura-1000 by Raviyaparaja, the ruler. The names of witnesses are mentioned.
22nd October,1067 AD : Kolanupaka.This inscription is on the Jayastambha near the stream. It states that, while the Chalukya emperor Trailokyamalladeva was ruling the kingdom from the nelevidu of Samparavadi and his subordinate Mahasara Amilarasa was governing the Kollipaka-7,000, the karanams headed by Perggada Appanaya and Rabbisetti of Navapura settled the details of tala vritti granted by the emperor, by means of copper plate charter to Mahasamanta Sankaraganda of the Rashtrakuta family for the Ravundaya basadi built by him. The inscription is damaged and the details of the tala vritti described in it are not quite intelligible.
1067 AD : Asagesvara in Chilkuru the capital town of Umabalika 70 by Mahamandalesvara , Asagamarasa of the Ratta lineage . Governor of Kollipaka 2100 and Sabbi 1000 and gifts of a garden and 100 mattars of land by him for Nritya , geeta , feeding
1074 AD : Sangamarasa
1074 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on the pillar dug out from the main street in the village, dated S. 996, Ananda, Uttarayana samkranti (A.D. 1074). Registers a gift of one matter of land to the brahmana Surayya by mahamandalesvara Sangamarasa who bears among others the epithet Lattalurpuravaresvara.
24th December, 1074 AD : Kolanupaka : Kannada
This inscription in Kannada prose is one of the few in which the name of the King is omitted. It is dated Saka 996 Ananda Uttarayana Samkranti (A.D. 1074 December 24, Wednesday).
24th December, 1074 AD : Kolanupaka : Kannada
This inscription in Kannada prose is one of the few in which the name of the King is omitted. It is dated Saka 996 Ananda Uttarayana Samkranti (A.D. 1074 December 24, Wednesday).
2nd March, 1075 AD : Kolanupaka.
Bhuvanaika Malladeva, Somesvara II
This inscription is on a stone lying near the Boddu Rayi in the village. States that, while the Chalukya emperor, Bhuvanaikamalladeva was ruling the kingdom of the earth from the nelevidu Bankapura, his subordinate Mahamandalesvara Asagamarasa, the governor of Kollipaka-7000 who bears among others, the titles of Rattaradheya and Lattalurpuravaresvara granted to Trailokyamalla Rebbi Setti of Kollipaka, the capital (rajadhani), the setti-sumka of that place, the house-site in front of the Kotthara pertaining to the domain of the Chief (arasa- samya) the house-site in front of the palace and Jagatigere.
1077 AD : Asagarasa No. 12 dated April 1077- overlord's name missing.
1077 AD around 3 months : Eruva Tondaya
8th May, 1077 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a pillar in the museum within the compound of the Somesvara temple. Records a gift of forty sheep for a perpetual lamp to god Somesvaradeva of Kollipake by Eruva Tondarasa, De[ma]rasa and Kamana
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri Mandal.
This inscription is on two lintels of the small Nandi mandapa in the Museum. One single inscriptional pillar has been vertically broken into two pieces for the purpose of two lintels of the mandapa. The inscription is very important in deciding the commencement of Tribhuvanamalla's reign. This date is some day in April A.D. 1077. The following number of Eruva Tondaya is dated in May A.D. 1077, and it does not mention the overlord. Its next number in 14, of Sankaragandarasa dated in August of the same year mentions Tribhuvanamalla as overlord. Surprisingly the present record belongs to [Asa]gamarasa, with the same titles as of No. 14, but dated earlier than that of Tondaya. How this Choda chief came in between the two records in Nos. 12 and 14 at the same place probably belonging to the chief of the same family within a gap of just three-four months is not known.
1077 AD - 1081 AD: Sankaragandarasa
27th August and 3rd September, A.D. 1077 : Kolanupaka.
This inscription in Kannada prose is dated Saka 999 Pingala, Bhadrapada Shukla Adivara. The tithi is not mentioned. There are two Sundays in that fortnight, August 27 and September 3 of A.D. 1077.
While Chalukya Tribhuvanamalla was ruling at Kalyana his feudatory mahamandalesvara Sankaragandarasar who was attributed with titles as Lattalurpuravaresvara, Ratta martanda, Kollipakeya gova etc., ordered all the merchant guilds at Kollipaka to pay taxes at the rate of one gadyana for each shop per annum for the enjoyment of Perggada Kavanayya and other karanams.
It is evident from the titles that Sankaragandarasar belonged to a Rashtrakuta family.
Asagarasa No. 12 dated April 1077- overlord's name missing.
Eruva Tondaya No. 13 dated 8th May 1077- overlord not mentioned.
Sankaragandarasa No. 14 dated 27 August 1077, overlord Tribhuvanamalla.
1081 AD : Kamarasar
Parichhedi chiefs of Guntur claim in their records that they were installed originally by Trinayana Pallava.
24th December, 1081 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a huge stone pillar lying near boddu rayi in the village. The inscription in Kannada poetry and prose, begins with the eulogy of the Chaļukya kings Trailokyamalla, son of Jagadekamalla and former son, Vikramaditya Tribhuvanamalladeva. The latter's subordinate was Kamarasar, son of Pandanripa of the Durjaya family. Panda's father is said to have been Ganda whose father again was Panda. Thus the lineage of Kamarasar, is Panda-Ganda-Panda and Kama. It is interesting to note that similar names occur in the genealogy of the Parichhedi chiefs of the coastal region who also claim to have been born in the family of Durjaya. It is further interesting to notice that the Parichhedi chiefs designate themselves as the lords of Kollipaka-7000 region (SII. IV- 986 and 1106). The present record states that Kamarasa obtained Kollipaka-7000 from the emperor Tribhuvanamalla through a copper plate grant, probably during the same year i.e. C.V.6. Therefore it is not unlikely that Kama of the present record might have been one of the ancestors of the Parichhedi chiefs. He is said to have defeated the kings of Utkala, Kerala, Kalinga, Dravila and Magadha, obviously participating in the expeditions of his overlord, over those countries.
The present inscription registers the grant of Manugalu (village) as sarvanamasya to the Saiva ascetic Srikantha pandita, disciple of Isanasakti-pandita, again a disciple of Gokarnarasipandita of the Bhujangavali sect. Srikantha-pandita is said to have been a great scholar in several branches of learning like Tarka, Vyakarana etc. This and the inscription at Charda are identical except for the description of the Saiva ascetics Srikantha pandita and his preceptors who are not mentioned in the Charda record.
1082 AD : Gundamayya
19th May A.D. 1082. : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is on a stone in the field of the Gollas. States that, while the Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalladeva was ruling the kingdom of the earth from the nelevidu of Kalyana, mahapradhana Maneverggada Dandanayaka Gundamayya who bears among others the titles of Chalukya-rama Rajya Lakshmi Latavarddhana and Saraswati-kucha kalasakalita- vyakta muktabharana, made at the command of Lakshmadevi, a gift of certain sumka, in Burugapalli, the bhatta-grama of Punniya Raddi, the Saudhara of Kollipakke-7000 in C.V.7 Dundubhi, Jyeshtha ba.5 Adivara. This date is irregular for Jyeshtha ba.5 corresponds to Thursday not Sunday. The date intended seems to be Thursday, 19th May, A.D. 1082.
1088 AD - 1097 AD : Tondaya II Chola Maharaja24 December 1088 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription dated C.V.E. 13, Vibhava, Uttarayana Samkranti. (A.D. 1088, Dec. 24 ?) It records the gift of the land and other gifts to the God Uttar vara by the king's feudatory Mahamandalesvara Tondarasa Chola Maharaja of Kanduru, of the solar race and Karikala lineage who was ruling Kollipaka seven thousand. The inscription gives the Spiritual lineage of Kalamukha monk Ramesvara Pandita into whose hands the gift was made. The lineage is traced from Ramesvara Pandita I, his disciple Devabhakti Pandita, Kadaresvara Pandita and Ramesvara Pandita II. The gift was made for the anga bhoga and Rangabhoga of the god, the maintenance of the students studying there and a satra.
25th December, A.D. 1091 Thus in all we have four records of Tondaya-Chola maharaja, dates ranging from the Chalukya Vikrama years 12-16 (1088-92 A.D.).
1091 AD : An unpublished epigraph from Panugallu dated C.V. 15 set up by Bhima's eldest son Tondaya registers some vrittis granted by him to a brahman who carried the ashes of his father Kandūru Bhima Chōda to Ganga for immersing them in that holy river.
States that while the Chalukya Emperor Vikramaditya-VI was ruling, his feudatory mahamandalesvara Kanduri Tondaya Chola Maharaja, Lord of Kodurupura administering authority over Kollipaka-7000, made a gift to the temple of the God Vishnu, towards the anga and ranga bhogas of the God. It also states that previously a gift was made, on S.954, Angirasa, Ashadha, ba:15, Monday, (A.D. 1032) to the God Mallinatha, by Jagadekamalladeva. The gift consisted of 20 tanks, in Anemargo, situated in Kollipaka-7000 as free from all encumbrances. There is another incomplete record on the same slab which contains the prasasti of Amanaverggade Nannapayya, who was the Mahamatya of Jagadekamalla
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Tribhuvanamalla ruling from Kalyana
Records a gift of the village Rachervu in Kodada-12 for worship and offerings to god Vishnudeva by Tondayachodamaharaja of Kanduru, who was ruling over Kollipake-7000. The contents are repeated again in a verse at the end.
1097 AD : Kolanupaka : This damaged inscription refers to the reign of the Western Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI. The details of the date are missing.
It introduces the king’s feudatory Mahamandalesvara Tondaya Choladevamaharaja, of the solar race and Karikala’s lineage, lord of the foremost town of Kolur, who was ruling the province of the Kollipake-Seven-Thousand.
Udayachoda I (Kandur), Bhimachoda III (Kandur/Vardhamanapuram), Gokarnachoda I (Panugallu) are the sons of Tonda II.
1097 AD - 1098 AD : Kalachuri Chiddarasa
1097 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a stone near the Somesvara temple. The record refers to the prosperous reign of Chalukya Tribhuvanamalladeva ruling from Kalyana. His subordinate dandanayaka Chiddarasar ruling Kollipaka-7000 is stated to have granted the village Baliya Pakugutu, situated in Kodada-12 for the amga-bhoga and ramga-bhoga of the god Somesvara. Some other gift is also recorded at the end for a perpetual lamp to the same deity. Seems to be incomplete.
25th December 1098 AD: Kolanupaka Inscription Registers a gift of the village Pakugunte situated in Kodada-12 free of all taxes to god Somesvara of Kollipake by heri-eandai-vigrahi dandanayaka Chiddarasa who was ruling over Kollipike-7000. Records also another gift of house for a perpetual lamp to the same day by a certain Somarasa.
1104 AD : Kanduru Bhimana Choda Maharaja
31st December, 1104 AD : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is on a stone slab in the fields. It states that, while Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalladeva was ruling the ever increasing prosperous kingdom from the nelevidu of Kalyana, Kanduru Bhimana Choda Maharaja of the lineage of Karikala Kasyapa-gotra granted lordship over Bhaditippaparti included in Cheraku-70 included in the Irrama-300, of Kanduru- 1100 bada, making it agrahara to Kavaliya Brahmadevayya. The inscription bears at the end signatures of (1) Kavaliya Brahmadevayya, (2) Rajadhyaksha Jogadevayya (3) Sarvadhyaksha Peggada Komanayya and (4) Peggada Irugamayya.
1104 AD - 1107 AD: Paramara JagaddevaSomala of the Mahishapurapala family (probably the dynasty of Mahishapura kings), who was the son of Sadiga and grandson of Simhavarman and was serving Jagaddeva as Mahamatya Mahasandhivigrah in Mahaprachanda dandanayaka.
13th March 1104 AD : This lengthy inscription in Sanskrit verse describes the Paramara rulers of Malava whose primaeval ancestor was born in the sacrificial fire of the sage Vasistha near the Arbuda mountain. A later king of this family was Udayaditya whose son was Jagaddeva. This prince endeared himself to the great Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI who treated him as his own son. While Jagaddeva was governing the province a Mahamandalesvara, the king's general Somala Dandanayaka holding the designations, Great Minister and High officer in charge of Peace and war, constructed the temple of Jagaddeva Narayana in his capital Kollipaka for the prosperity of the kingdom.
The epigraph is dated the Chalukya Vikrama year 29, Tarana, Chaitra purnima, Sunday, lunar eclipse. This date regularly corresponds to A.D. 1104, March 13. On this day Jagaddeva granted with the king`s approval the village Piriya Pembariti for worship and offerings, etc. in the above temple hen we are told about the city of Mahitapura (probably Mahisapura) and the subordinate chief Somala of the Mahishapurapala family (probably the dynasty of Mahishapura kings), who was the son of Sãdiga and grandson of Simhavarman and was serving Jagaddeva as Mahamatya Mahasandhivigrah in Mahaprachanda dandanayaka. This Somala made provisions for the maintenance, worship and for repair etc., of the temple called Jagaddeva Narayanapura built at Kollipakapura (i.e. Kolanupaka in the Nalgonda District) which was the place of his residence and his rajyadhisthana, i.e. the headquarters of his estate. The inscription is dated in the year 29 of the Chalukya-Vikrama era, the cyclic year Tarana, Sunday the full moon of Chaitra, on the occasion of a lunar eclipse. The date regularly corresponds to the 13th March, 1104 A.D. The gift land was made a sarvanamasya deva-bhoga apparently for the merit of both Vikramaditya VI and Jagaddeva.
6th April, 1106 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Telugu and Kannada. This inscription is on a stone pillar unearthed. The record introduces the prince Jagaddeva who is said to have been the son of Udayaditya and grandson of Gondala of the Paramara line in which great kings like Sri Harsha, Munja, Sindala, Bhojadeva and others were born.
8th April A.D. 1106 AD : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is in Sanskrit verse and prose. It is dated Chalukya Vikrama year (3) 1 Vyaya, Vaisakha Sukla Aksha trtiya (3), Sunday (A.D. 1106 April, 8).
Jagaddeva of the Paramara dynasty set up this inscription. It gives some valuable details regarding his arrival to these parts from his native town Dhara. He was brought by Tribhuvanamalla (Vikramaditya VI) from Dhara after the latter's conquest over those parts and appointed him as Mahamandalesvara of Kollipaka, seven thousand. Jagaddeva granted a village named Goshtipadu to the god Brahmesvara installed by Brahmadeva Nayaka son of Dhakkana Nayaka at Bhuvanagiri which was a fort belonging to the King (Vallabhasya durga sthani bhute) for the maintenance of anga ranga bhogas etc., to the god and for feeding the ascetics residing probably in a matha attached to the temple and engaged in the study of Vedas.
1107 AD - 1126 AD : Kumara Somesvara
mahapradhana banasaverggade Anantapala dandanayaka.
Mahapradhani : Kailasarasa, Asigarasa
Dandanayakas : Kalimayya, Tikkapayya
7th July, 1107 AD : This inscription is on a broken stone pillar lying in the Mukha mandapa of Somesvara temple. It is mentioned in the record that Suryagrahana (solar eclipse) was the occasion of the gift. But the tithi being Purnima and that a lunar eclipse occurred on that day, the mention of solar eclipse seems to be an oversight by the composer or scribe.
The record is partly damaged. It seems to record that Kumara Somesvara made some gifts to the Parshwanath Jinalaya in the village of Chappaliya, Timtrini-gachchha, Kranurgana and Padmanandi Siddhantadeva are mentioned.
25th December 1107 AD : Kolanupaka
Tribhuvanamalla, ruling from Kalyanapura.
Registers the gift of income derived from the taxes vattaparikaya, and kavalidere of the village Piriya-Pembariti belonging to the temple and situated in Holalu-12 for worship and offerings to god Jagaddeva-narayana by mahapradhana banasaverggade Anantapala- dandanayaka.
1108 AD : This inscription is in the Somesvara temple. The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of the Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla ruling from Kalyana and introduces his minister Banasaverggede Dandanayaka Anantapala. His officer Kirvvatleya-Voddaravula-dabbu pannaya named Gopatiyayya is stated to have made the gift of one Ganda Dwipa (perpetual lamp) to the god Somesvara of Kollipaka included in his area. The merchant guild of the place had made the gift of some levy on the amgadis or shops.
1109 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on the foundation stone of the temple. This record seems to have been set up by Kumara Somesvara, on the said date, probably during his first stay at Kollipaka, replacing Jagaddeva of the Paramara family. His antahpuraverggede is stated to have made some gift. The prince Gangapermadi (Kumara Somesvara) is attributed with the conquest of the countries of Chola, Pamchala, Malava, Chera, Gurjara and Simhala.
Kolanupaka Inscription States that while Tribhuvanamalla was ruling, his son Kumara Somesvara, was exercising authority over Kolipaka-7000, when, Sandhivigrahi Dandanayaka Kalimayya, at the request of Asagarasa made a gift of 12 mas of gadde land to the west of Jagaddhu narayanapura, in Ramakkeri, to the temple of Mallikarjuna, built by Dandanayaka Tikamayya.
Mahamandalesvara Kailasarasa of Tardavadi and a subordinate of Subhatungadeva . We known that the epithet subhatungideva was characteristic of the Imperial Rashtrakutas
29th October 1110 AD : Kolanupaka
This inscription in Kannada prose, is dated Chalukya Vikrama year 35 Vikriti, Kartika Sukla 15, lunar eclipse (A.D. 1110 October 29th, Saturday night Lunar eclipse).
It records that while Chalukya Tribhuvanamalla was ruling his son Kumara Somesvara had granted two mattars of wetland to Aditya Bhatta Somayaji on the occasion of the lunar eclipse, in the presence of mahapradhani Kailyarasa in the Kolipaka Nadu.
Prince Somesvara is mentioned with Western Ganga titles which probably indicate that he descended on his mother's side from the royal family of the Western Gangas.
Kolanupaka :12th December A.D. 1111 : Telugu and Kannada
The inscription begins with the usual prasasti of the Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla and introduces his son Kumara Somesvara with all his titles. His dandanayaka Kalimayya, requesting his master, is said to have granted three mattars of wetland near the Ramal tank, to the west of Jagaddeva Narayana-manya, to the god Mallikarjuna, installed by his brother Tikkapayya, who was also a dandanayaka at Kollipaka. He also granted another 3 mattars of wetland to Brahmesvara deva installed by his son-in-law Brahmadeva-nayaka.
June, 1112 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription in Sanskrit verse and prose belongs to Chalukya Kumara Somesvara. It is dated Chalukya Vikrama year 37, Nandana, Dakshinayana Samkranti (A. D. 1112 June).
It begins with the invocation to the bore-incarnate of Vishnu. Then follows the description of Ahavamalla and his son Tribhuvanamalla Somesvara, the latter's son, is introduced with all his epithets and said to be the lord of Kollipaka desa. He granted ten nivartanas of wetland at the big canal-head of the big tank in the village Nellutu in Kaluvi cheda-forty to Kesavabhattopadhyaya of Sandilya gotra and son of Mayura nayaka on the occasion of Dakshinayana Samkranti. Two more grants were also made by him on the same occasion: one of ten nivartanas of land at the canal-head of the small tank in the village Vaddagi cheruvu to Golanabhattopadhyaya of Harita gotra and the other, consisting of ten nivartanasin the same Nellutu village to Vamanabhatta of Bharadvaja gotra. Each of the three individuals was also granted forty nivartanas of dry land and two house sites in the respective villages.
The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of the king Chalukya Tribhuvanamalladeva, and introduces the prince Kumara Somesvara, who bears a string of titles and is stated to have made a gift of ten mattars of niru-nela (wetland) to the brahmana named Adityabhatta Somayaji, on the occasion of the lunar eclipse. Another gift of 12 mattars in Gomdura of Kollipaka-nadu and 12 mattars in Ittakayala village, included in Kollipaka- 1000 as paramesvaradatti Mahapradhana Sandhi vigrahi dandanayaka Kalimarasar executed the order.
March 24, 1125 AD: Kolanupaka - It registers gift of the village Panupura to the goddess Ambika of the locality Ambaratilaka, situated in his capital Kollipake by Mahamandalesvara Chalukya Ganga- permadi Kumara Somesvara at the request of Sayimayya, army-commander of Kollipake-Two- Thousand. The goddess Ambika must be the Sasanadevata of the Jaina Tirthankara Neminatha. A mighty general of Somesvara was Svamideva or Sayimayya Dandanayaka.
Udayachoda II (1136 AD - 1178 AD) and Muppana Nayaka
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Fragmentary. Records a gift of fifty sheep for a perpetual lamp obviously to god Somesvara by Muppama-nayaka, a servant of Udayana Choda-maharaja. Also records similar gifts for perpetual lamps by other individuals whose names however are not clear.
Varmayya
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Jagadekamalla II (1138 - 1158 AD)
The inscription is copied from five fragmentary pieces. The date portion is missing Palaeographically it may be assigned to 12th century A.D. i.e to the reign of Jagadekamalla II. His Dandanayaka, certain Varmayya seems to have made some gift of land measuring 300 mattars on the occasion of the installation of some deity, certain dikshaguru (Pampa) Permanadigalu is said to have made the gift of 3 mattars of land and one mattar of flower garden. Some other gifts are also stated.
Paricchedis
The Pericchedis are also mentioned as vassals of the Chalukyas. According to V. Rama Chandra Rao, they were connected to the ancient Chedi. The Pericchedis had two branches, with Kollipaka and Bezawada their capitals. Paricchedis had the title Kollipakapuravarādhisvara
Paricchedis were staunch patrons of Hindu Dharma in contrast to the Chalukyas, who initially were patrons of Jainism.
Paricchedis of Kollipaka, the Chagis of Gudimetta and the Paliavas of Guntur mentioned in their records that Trilochana Paliava
It is believed that Vishnukundina Madhava Varma along with members of the other three gotras conquered the Salankayanas and established their rule. Some of the feudal kingoms of this time were the Kotas, Chagis, and Paricchedi. The Paricchedis Kings were ancestors of the Pusapati royal family who built Bezawada (Modern Vijayawada) off the river Krishna by 626 AD and another capital in Kollipaka establishing themselves for nine centuries there. They are considered to be descendants of one of the earliest Maharana’s of Mewar, who migrated to south during 7th century. They were staunch patrons of Hindu Dharma in contrast to the Chalukyas, who initially were patrons of Jainism.
1279 AD : Nissamka Poti Nayaka
27th December A.D. 1279 : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
The inscription after the invocation of the gods Varaha, Ganesa and moon, introduces the line of kings called Durjayas, born from the shoulder of Brahma. In that line of Durjaya, were born the Kakatiya kings, Prola and his son [Rudra] and his younger brother Mahadeva. His son was Ganapatideva, whose daughter was Rudradevi. Her husband was Virabhadra. To Mahadeva, the elder [brother of Virabhadra] of the Chalukya family was born Indusekhara. His lemka, a subordinate, was Nissamka Potinayaka whose parents were Machinayaka and Madachi. The inscription, afterwards states that Potinayaka caused a canal called Vamsavardhana - kulya to be dug and that Indusekhara made a gift of thirty nivartanas (of land) for the worship of the god Somanatha.
Poti Nayaka and Proli Nayaka fought fiercely against Kalinga Vira Bhanudeva I, son and successor of Narasimha I,and his accomplices Arjuna Deva, the Matsya chief of Oddadi and others, inflicting a crushing defeat on them.
Pembarthi
Rashtrakutas
Ratta Dynasty (875-1250)
Ratta dynasty was a minor Indian dynasty who ruled over the Belagavi region of modern Karnataka as a branch of Rashtrakutas and it is held by some authorities that the Rattas were Raddis ( Kan . Radderu ) . It is certain that they still claim descent from Hem Ratti , who , in their tradition, was the son of Kudavakkal and brother of Kurupi. The Raddis speak Kanarese, but some use Telugu as their home tongue.
846 AD - 888 AD : Sankarganda I
Jaffarghad, Warangal District.This inscription is inscribed on a rock-wall of the tank near the Narasimhaswamy temple on the hill (Velpugonda). The inscription is composed in beautiful Kannada verses of the 10th century A.D. It begins with the description of the general Panara of the Rashtrakuta lineage, possessing garuda lanchhana. Certain Sankaraganda of this line of chiefs is said to have constructed the tank on the hill Velpugonda. There is a mention of the king Amoghavarsha Nrupatunga I (r. 814 – 878 CE), of the main Rashṭrakuta line.
25th September, 846 AD : Mallikarjuna Palli, Sadasivpet Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a slab in front of Mallikarjuna temple of the village. This inscription was badly worn out and damaged. It registers the gift of 12 marttars of land and one marttar of wetland as per rajamana, to the temple of Isvara of Piriya Pippari, by Kommana, lord of Panuravadi - 27000 while Sankaraganda was administering the area, after washing the feet of the priest Bankeya and another marttar of wetland in the same gramam as Siddhaya. It also registers the gift of land to the Jinalaya of Munipalle by Permmanadi Devaraya of Pippari. Vasudeva bhatara of Munipalle was the engraver.
888 AD : An inscription belonging to 888 AD was found on a rock at Mettugutta hillock at Kazipet. An archaeology and history enthusiast Sunil Samudrala found the inscription in Telugu script under the feet of an idol of the 15th Jain Tirthankara Dharmanatha, also known as Jino Brahama.
Many ruined Jain temples or shrines and sculptures can be seen in Warangal, Hanmakonda, Kazipet and Madikonda as evidence of the influence of Jainism.
He said a Jain temple/shrine known as ‘Jaina Basadi’ was also identified at Mettugutta. It is said that many Jaina Basadis were built by Mahamandaleshwarudu Shankaragandaras of Kolanupaka during Rashtrakuta rulers period (753 AD – 982 AD).
Chalukyas of Kalyana (973 AD - 1163 AD)
Kolanupaka, Yadadri Bhuvanagiri District.
Feudatories of Western Chalukyas
Haihaya ChiefsChanda
Nimba
Allapuli
Chanda bhupalaka II
913 AD - 972 AD: Ayyana or Ayyanayya (Nurmadi Dhavala) and Gommarasa I
913 AD : Padaturu, Nalgonda
This Kannada inscription, engraved on a pillar, set up in front of Ramalingesvarasvami temple, belongs to the reign of Rashtrakuta king Nityavarsha (Khottiga or Amoghavarsha IV (r. 967–972 CE). It refers to mahasamanta Nurmadi dhavala and to his subordinate chief Gommarasa, who was administering Kollipaka nadu-7000 division. Dated Saka 835, Srimukha (A.D 913), it registers the grant of several lands along with income from tax siddhaya by Chamangamunda, son of Aydamayya, to the temple raised by the former. Aydamayya is stated to have been ruling over Padaturu.
Nurmadi Tailapa II claimed descent from the earlier Chalukyas of Vatapi (Badami), and initially ruled as a Rashtrakuta vassal from the Tardavadi-1000 province in the modern Bijapur district of Karnataka. When the Rashtrakuta power declined following an invasion by the Paramara king Siyaka, Tailapa overthrew the Rashtrakuta king Karka II, and established a new dynasty.
972 AD : Manthapuri, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a stone pillar near the old temple near the tank outside the village. The record does not refer to any overlord. Certain Maha-Samantadhipati named Ayyanayya, who bears the titles, Ranadhira, Nurmadi-dhavala, Nanniya-Meru etc., is stated to have made a gift of garden, and lands according to Rajamana to the deity Ranadhiresvara, obviously, installed after his own title by Kuchi [Go]ravaru in the village Manthapura. The aruvana of the land for the two crops is twenty pons.
972 AD - 979 AD : Santivarmarasa
There is only one inscription in the Volume (No. 18) which belongs to the reign of Taila II, the founder of the later family of the Chalukyas, known to students of history as the Chalukyas of Kalyana. It is dated in A.D. 980 and mentions the Ratta feudatory Mahasamanta Santivarmarasa
979 AD : Korapara Revarasa
24th December 979 AD : Sitaramapalli, Gazwel Taluk, Medak District.
This inscription is inscribed in the field of Sri Narasayya called Akkalaguddam. This inscription records the gift of the income viz., Siddhaya of 125 gadyanas and bhatta of 120 visas out wet land (Khandugas) to the Brahmanas of Velura included within the Baliya Ravipola by Revarasa in confirmation of the earlier grant made by certain Sankaraganda. Baliya Ravipola is said to have been included in the Medaku 366. The Brahmanas are 8 Prabhus and 100 Mahajanas. The queen was also mentioned among the other executors of the gift. The names of the witnesses were mentioned.
979 AD : Korapara Revarasa
24th December 979 AD : Sitaramapalli, Gazwel Taluk, Medak District.
This inscription is inscribed in the field of Sri Narasayya called Akkalaguddam. This inscription records the gift of the income viz., Siddhaya of 125 gadyanas and bhatta of 120 visas out wet land (Khandugas) to the Brahmanas of Velura included within the Baliya Ravipola by Revarasa in confirmation of the earlier grant made by certain Sankaraganda. Baliya Ravipola is said to have been included in the Medaku 366. The Brahmanas are 8 Prabhus and 100 Mahajanas. The queen was also mentioned among the other executors of the gift. The names of the witnesses were mentioned.
1015 AD : Rajendra Chola of Chola dynasty killed Ayyana II (1014 AD -1015 AD) in battle and occupied Kollipaka region.
Jayasimha II (1015 - 1042 AD) also known as Jagadhekamalla I and Mallikamoda
Jayasimha II fought with cholas and recaptured kollipaka region.
1027 AD - 1032 AD : Revarasa
Mūradi Gaṇḍa was the title of Rēvarasa thus taking him to be the son of Chanda II
Mahasamanta Dandanatha Rebbarasa mentioned in a record of A.D. 1027
1032 AD - 1042 AD : Nannapaya
1032 AD : Kolanupaka This record in Kannada range in data from Saka 954 (A.D. 1032) in the reign of Jagadekamalla (Jayasimha) refers to an endowment of the village Gadicheruvu included in Anemargge-70 by the king's maneverggade Nannapaya for offerings to the god Nanni- Narayana.
1033 AD : Kolanupaka.
4th January A.D. 1033 : Telugu and Kannada.
This inscription is on a stone in the Chandikamba temple. It seems that a certain Nanni Kamiyavve, gave a gift of land as Sarvanamasya to the god Gadicherumula in Akemarga-70.
Kolanupaka : This inscription is on a stone in the temple of Chandikamba. States that, while the Chalukya emperor Jagadekamalladeva was ruling the kingdom of the earth, his Manevarggada Nannapayya seems to have made some gift to the temple of Chandikamba. The priest Srita Chandradeva is stated to have been the manager of the temple.
1040 AD : Mahasamanta Bikkarasa of Kollipaka15th February, 1040 AD : Akkaram, Gazvel
This inscription is on a pillar set up in the Mosque. The inscription records the gift of gadde land measuring 1000 marttars in the village Baliya Kurumariya-36 to Jnanesvara Pandita, after washing his feet at the instance of certain Ballavarasa, towards repairs and daily rites of the temple by Ayvabadevi, wife of mahasamanta Bikkarasa of Kollipaka.
1042 AD - 1054 AD : Kommanayya or Kommanayyarasa10th July, 1046 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription on the pillars dug out from the main street in the village. Seems to record the remission of taxes (?) by the settis, gamundas and the prajes of Kollipake while mahamandalesvara Kommanayyarasa was ruling over Kollipake-7000.
March 10. 1047 AD : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is in Kannada prose dated Saka 696 Vyaya, Chaitra Sukla 11, Monday. The Saka year does not agree with Vyaya but it tallies with Sarvajit. The week day also differs in both cases. However, it roughly corresponds to A.D. 1047, March 10, when Saka 969 is taken.
The inscription belongs to the reign of Chalukya Trailokyamalla as ruling from Kollapura and refers to his feudatory Mahamandalesvara Kommanayya as administering Kollipaka-7,000. The main contents of the grant portion are damaged.
1047 AD : Kolanupaka
Of the inscriptions of Somesvara, the earliest, dated Saka 968, records a remission of taxes by Kommanayyarasa, who ruled over Kollipake-7000 division; the next, dated Saka 969 (A.D. 1047), records a gift of income on the levy on salt (lavana) for the upkeep of a tank by the 'six settis' and 'one hundred and twenty' nagaras, obviously of Kollipake.
1064 AD : Buddharasa
27th August,1064 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri Mandal. : Western Chalukya
The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of Chalukya Trailokyamalladeva, ruling from Kalyana and introduces his subordinate Mahamandalesvara Buddharasa, who bears a string of titles. At his instance his minister Pergade Kavanayya is stated to have given certain privileges with regard to the collection of dues in the amgadi in favour of certain Kalapasetti.
1034 AD - 1077 AD: Aggalarasa or Ganga Permanadi Aggeyarasa
1034 AD : S. 956 Saidapur record mentions Aggalarasa, and expert in medicine and surgery
1050 AD : Kolkuru : Dated Saka 972 the inscription registers some gift by Pampa Pennmanadi on the occasion of Pattoddhati of the Yuvaraja Bijjarasa while Trailokyamalladevarasa was ruling the kingdom
1067 AD Koteya Bhimarasa
1067 AD : Somesvara inscription dated Saka 973 (A.D. 1051) refers to the king as ruling from Payithana. Two more epigraphs of this king, dated Saka 986 and 989, mention respectively his feudatories Buddha- varasa and Koteya Bhimarasa, of whom the latter, bearing the epithet Manya- katakapuravaresvara, is stated to have been the governor of Kollipake-7000.
30th April 1067 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a stone slab in the ceiling of the Chandika shrine. The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of the Chalukya king Trailokyamalladeva. His subordinate Mahamandalesvara Kote Bhimarasar who bears a string of titles, is stated to have made the gift of all the minor taxes of the devabhoga village Gadicheruvu included in Mandhenapura-70 to the god Sri Svayambhu Somesvara and Nanninarayana Vishnudeva of the capital Kollipaka, while he was governing the province of Kollipaka-7000. Bhimarasar bears the title Dhanyakatakapuravaresvara, the Lord of the town of Dhanyakataka, which is identifiable with the famous Dharanikota near Amaravati. His other epithets are Gandabherunda, [chi?]dpuli- vadhu-mangalasutra-harana, Chamundaraya-Chanura Murantaka, Kaligada mogadakai, Siddhi Cholamrigasardüla, Mallachola mastaka sula, etc. This Bhima is probably Bhima I of the Kota family of Dharanikota. It is note-worthy that he joined the service of the Chalukya king Trailokyamalla and fought against the Cholas in the coastal region.
1065 AD - 1077 AD : Asagarasa
8th September, 1065 AD : Mulugu, Gazvel Taluk, Medak.
Asagarasar, bearing the title Kollipakeyagova.
This inscription is on a pillar near the Panchayat office. The inscription seems to confer the office of the headmenship on Kati raddi and Mini raddi in the presence of the Mahajanas of Baliya Molugu-30 falling within Chandanapura-1000 by Raviyaparaja, the ruler. The names of witnesses are mentioned.
22nd October,1067 AD : Kolanupaka.This inscription is on the Jayastambha near the stream. It states that, while the Chalukya emperor Trailokyamalladeva was ruling the kingdom from the nelevidu of Samparavadi and his subordinate Mahasara Amilarasa was governing the Kollipaka-7,000, the karanams headed by Perggada Appanaya and Rabbisetti of Navapura settled the details of tala vritti granted by the emperor, by means of copper plate charter to Mahasamanta Sankaraganda of the Rashtrakuta family for the Ravundaya basadi built by him. The inscription is damaged and the details of the tala vritti described in it are not quite intelligible.
1067 AD : Asagesvara in Chilkuru the capital town of Umabalika 70 by Mahamandalesvara , Asagamarasa of the Ratta lineage . Governor of Kollipaka 2100 and Sabbi 1000 and gifts of a garden and 100 mattars of land by him for Nritya , geeta , feeding
1074 AD : Sangamarasa
1074 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on the pillar dug out from the main street in the village, dated S. 996, Ananda, Uttarayana samkranti (A.D. 1074). Registers a gift of one matter of land to the brahmana Surayya by mahamandalesvara Sangamarasa who bears among others the epithet Lattalurpuravaresvara.
24th December, 1074 AD : Kolanupaka : Kannada
This inscription in Kannada prose is one of the few in which the name of the King is omitted. It is dated Saka 996 Ananda Uttarayana Samkranti (A.D. 1074 December 24, Wednesday).
24th December, 1074 AD : Kolanupaka : Kannada
This inscription in Kannada prose is one of the few in which the name of the King is omitted. It is dated Saka 996 Ananda Uttarayana Samkranti (A.D. 1074 December 24, Wednesday).
2nd March, 1075 AD : Kolanupaka.
Bhuvanaika Malladeva, Somesvara II
This inscription is on a stone lying near the Boddu Rayi in the village. States that, while the Chalukya emperor, Bhuvanaikamalladeva was ruling the kingdom of the earth from the nelevidu Bankapura, his subordinate Mahamandalesvara Asagamarasa, the governor of Kollipaka-7000 who bears among others, the titles of Rattaradheya and Lattalurpuravaresvara granted to Trailokyamalla Rebbi Setti of Kollipaka, the capital (rajadhani), the setti-sumka of that place, the house-site in front of the Kotthara pertaining to the domain of the Chief (arasa- samya) the house-site in front of the palace and Jagatigere.
1077 AD : Asagarasa No. 12 dated April 1077- overlord's name missing.
1077 AD around 3 months : Eruva Tondaya
8th May, 1077 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a pillar in the museum within the compound of the Somesvara temple. Records a gift of forty sheep for a perpetual lamp to god Somesvaradeva of Kollipake by Eruva Tondarasa, De[ma]rasa and Kamana
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri Mandal.
This inscription is on two lintels of the small Nandi mandapa in the Museum. One single inscriptional pillar has been vertically broken into two pieces for the purpose of two lintels of the mandapa. The inscription is very important in deciding the commencement of Tribhuvanamalla's reign. This date is some day in April A.D. 1077. The following number of Eruva Tondaya is dated in May A.D. 1077, and it does not mention the overlord. Its next number in 14, of Sankaragandarasa dated in August of the same year mentions Tribhuvanamalla as overlord. Surprisingly the present record belongs to [Asa]gamarasa, with the same titles as of No. 14, but dated earlier than that of Tondaya. How this Choda chief came in between the two records in Nos. 12 and 14 at the same place probably belonging to the chief of the same family within a gap of just three-four months is not known.
1077 AD - 1081 AD: Sankaragandarasa
27th August and 3rd September, A.D. 1077 : Kolanupaka.
This inscription in Kannada prose is dated Saka 999 Pingala, Bhadrapada Shukla Adivara. The tithi is not mentioned. There are two Sundays in that fortnight, August 27 and September 3 of A.D. 1077.
While Chalukya Tribhuvanamalla was ruling at Kalyana his feudatory mahamandalesvara Sankaragandarasar who was attributed with titles as Lattalurpuravaresvara, Ratta martanda, Kollipakeya gova etc., ordered all the merchant guilds at Kollipaka to pay taxes at the rate of one gadyana for each shop per annum for the enjoyment of Perggada Kavanayya and other karanams.
It is evident from the titles that Sankaragandarasar belonged to a Rashtrakuta family.
Asagarasa No. 12 dated April 1077- overlord's name missing.
Eruva Tondaya No. 13 dated 8th May 1077- overlord not mentioned.
Sankaragandarasa No. 14 dated 27 August 1077, overlord Tribhuvanamalla.
1081 AD : Kamarasar
Parichhedi chiefs of Guntur claim in their records that they were installed originally by Trinayana Pallava.
24th December, 1081 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a huge stone pillar lying near boddu rayi in the village. The inscription in Kannada poetry and prose, begins with the eulogy of the Chaļukya kings Trailokyamalla, son of Jagadekamalla and former son, Vikramaditya Tribhuvanamalladeva. The latter's subordinate was Kamarasar, son of Pandanripa of the Durjaya family. Panda's father is said to have been Ganda whose father again was Panda. Thus the lineage of Kamarasar, is Panda-Ganda-Panda and Kama. It is interesting to note that similar names occur in the genealogy of the Parichhedi chiefs of the coastal region who also claim to have been born in the family of Durjaya. It is further interesting to notice that the Parichhedi chiefs designate themselves as the lords of Kollipaka-7000 region (SII. IV- 986 and 1106). The present record states that Kamarasa obtained Kollipaka-7000 from the emperor Tribhuvanamalla through a copper plate grant, probably during the same year i.e. C.V.6. Therefore it is not unlikely that Kama of the present record might have been one of the ancestors of the Parichhedi chiefs. He is said to have defeated the kings of Utkala, Kerala, Kalinga, Dravila and Magadha, obviously participating in the expeditions of his overlord, over those countries.
The present inscription registers the grant of Manugalu (village) as sarvanamasya to the Saiva ascetic Srikantha pandita, disciple of Isanasakti-pandita, again a disciple of Gokarnarasipandita of the Bhujangavali sect. Srikantha-pandita is said to have been a great scholar in several branches of learning like Tarka, Vyakarana etc. This and the inscription at Charda are identical except for the description of the Saiva ascetics Srikantha pandita and his preceptors who are not mentioned in the Charda record.
1082 AD : Gundamayya
19th May A.D. 1082. : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is on a stone in the field of the Gollas. States that, while the Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalladeva was ruling the kingdom of the earth from the nelevidu of Kalyana, mahapradhana Maneverggada Dandanayaka Gundamayya who bears among others the titles of Chalukya-rama Rajya Lakshmi Latavarddhana and Saraswati-kucha kalasakalita- vyakta muktabharana, made at the command of Lakshmadevi, a gift of certain sumka, in Burugapalli, the bhatta-grama of Punniya Raddi, the Saudhara of Kollipakke-7000 in C.V.7 Dundubhi, Jyeshtha ba.5 Adivara. This date is irregular for Jyeshtha ba.5 corresponds to Thursday not Sunday. The date intended seems to be Thursday, 19th May, A.D. 1082.
1088 AD - 1097 AD : Tondaya II Chola Maharaja24 December 1088 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription dated C.V.E. 13, Vibhava, Uttarayana Samkranti. (A.D. 1088, Dec. 24 ?) It records the gift of the land and other gifts to the God Uttar vara by the king's feudatory Mahamandalesvara Tondarasa Chola Maharaja of Kanduru, of the solar race and Karikala lineage who was ruling Kollipaka seven thousand. The inscription gives the Spiritual lineage of Kalamukha monk Ramesvara Pandita into whose hands the gift was made. The lineage is traced from Ramesvara Pandita I, his disciple Devabhakti Pandita, Kadaresvara Pandita and Ramesvara Pandita II. The gift was made for the anga bhoga and Rangabhoga of the god, the maintenance of the students studying there and a satra.
25th December, A.D. 1091 Thus in all we have four records of Tondaya-Chola maharaja, dates ranging from the Chalukya Vikrama years 12-16 (1088-92 A.D.).
1091 AD : An unpublished epigraph from Panugallu dated C.V. 15 set up by Bhima's eldest son Tondaya registers some vrittis granted by him to a brahman who carried the ashes of his father Kandūru Bhima Chōda to Ganga for immersing them in that holy river.
States that while the Chalukya Emperor Vikramaditya-VI was ruling, his feudatory mahamandalesvara Kanduri Tondaya Chola Maharaja, Lord of Kodurupura administering authority over Kollipaka-7000, made a gift to the temple of the God Vishnu, towards the anga and ranga bhogas of the God. It also states that previously a gift was made, on S.954, Angirasa, Ashadha, ba:15, Monday, (A.D. 1032) to the God Mallinatha, by Jagadekamalladeva. The gift consisted of 20 tanks, in Anemargo, situated in Kollipaka-7000 as free from all encumbrances. There is another incomplete record on the same slab which contains the prasasti of Amanaverggade Nannapayya, who was the Mahamatya of Jagadekamalla
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Tribhuvanamalla ruling from Kalyana
Records a gift of the village Rachervu in Kodada-12 for worship and offerings to god Vishnudeva by Tondayachodamaharaja of Kanduru, who was ruling over Kollipake-7000. The contents are repeated again in a verse at the end.
1097 AD : Kolanupaka : This damaged inscription refers to the reign of the Western Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI. The details of the date are missing.
It introduces the king’s feudatory Mahamandalesvara Tondaya Choladevamaharaja, of the solar race and Karikala’s lineage, lord of the foremost town of Kolur, who was ruling the province of the Kollipake-Seven-Thousand.
Udayachoda I (Kandur), Bhimachoda III (Kandur/Vardhamanapuram), Gokarnachoda I (Panugallu) are the sons of Tonda II.
1097 AD - 1098 AD : Kalachuri Chiddarasa
1097 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on a stone near the Somesvara temple. The record refers to the prosperous reign of Chalukya Tribhuvanamalladeva ruling from Kalyana. His subordinate dandanayaka Chiddarasar ruling Kollipaka-7000 is stated to have granted the village Baliya Pakugutu, situated in Kodada-12 for the amga-bhoga and ramga-bhoga of the god Somesvara. Some other gift is also recorded at the end for a perpetual lamp to the same deity. Seems to be incomplete.
25th December 1098 AD: Kolanupaka Inscription Registers a gift of the village Pakugunte situated in Kodada-12 free of all taxes to god Somesvara of Kollipake by heri-eandai-vigrahi dandanayaka Chiddarasa who was ruling over Kollipike-7000. Records also another gift of house for a perpetual lamp to the same day by a certain Somarasa.
1104 AD : Kanduru Bhimana Choda Maharaja
31st December, 1104 AD : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is on a stone slab in the fields. It states that, while Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalladeva was ruling the ever increasing prosperous kingdom from the nelevidu of Kalyana, Kanduru Bhimana Choda Maharaja of the lineage of Karikala Kasyapa-gotra granted lordship over Bhaditippaparti included in Cheraku-70 included in the Irrama-300, of Kanduru- 1100 bada, making it agrahara to Kavaliya Brahmadevayya. The inscription bears at the end signatures of (1) Kavaliya Brahmadevayya, (2) Rajadhyaksha Jogadevayya (3) Sarvadhyaksha Peggada Komanayya and (4) Peggada Irugamayya.
1104 AD - 1107 AD: Paramara JagaddevaSomala of the Mahishapurapala family (probably the dynasty of Mahishapura kings), who was the son of Sadiga and grandson of Simhavarman and was serving Jagaddeva as Mahamatya Mahasandhivigrah in Mahaprachanda dandanayaka.
13th March 1104 AD : This lengthy inscription in Sanskrit verse describes the Paramara rulers of Malava whose primaeval ancestor was born in the sacrificial fire of the sage Vasistha near the Arbuda mountain. A later king of this family was Udayaditya whose son was Jagaddeva. This prince endeared himself to the great Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI who treated him as his own son. While Jagaddeva was governing the province a Mahamandalesvara, the king's general Somala Dandanayaka holding the designations, Great Minister and High officer in charge of Peace and war, constructed the temple of Jagaddeva Narayana in his capital Kollipaka for the prosperity of the kingdom.
The epigraph is dated the Chalukya Vikrama year 29, Tarana, Chaitra purnima, Sunday, lunar eclipse. This date regularly corresponds to A.D. 1104, March 13. On this day Jagaddeva granted with the king`s approval the village Piriya Pembariti for worship and offerings, etc. in the above temple hen we are told about the city of Mahitapura (probably Mahisapura) and the subordinate chief Somala of the Mahishapurapala family (probably the dynasty of Mahishapura kings), who was the son of Sãdiga and grandson of Simhavarman and was serving Jagaddeva as Mahamatya Mahasandhivigrah in Mahaprachanda dandanayaka. This Somala made provisions for the maintenance, worship and for repair etc., of the temple called Jagaddeva Narayanapura built at Kollipakapura (i.e. Kolanupaka in the Nalgonda District) which was the place of his residence and his rajyadhisthana, i.e. the headquarters of his estate. The inscription is dated in the year 29 of the Chalukya-Vikrama era, the cyclic year Tarana, Sunday the full moon of Chaitra, on the occasion of a lunar eclipse. The date regularly corresponds to the 13th March, 1104 A.D. The gift land was made a sarvanamasya deva-bhoga apparently for the merit of both Vikramaditya VI and Jagaddeva.
6th April, 1106 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Telugu and Kannada. This inscription is on a stone pillar unearthed. The record introduces the prince Jagaddeva who is said to have been the son of Udayaditya and grandson of Gondala of the Paramara line in which great kings like Sri Harsha, Munja, Sindala, Bhojadeva and others were born.
8th April A.D. 1106 AD : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is in Sanskrit verse and prose. It is dated Chalukya Vikrama year (3) 1 Vyaya, Vaisakha Sukla Aksha trtiya (3), Sunday (A.D. 1106 April, 8).
Jagaddeva of the Paramara dynasty set up this inscription. It gives some valuable details regarding his arrival to these parts from his native town Dhara. He was brought by Tribhuvanamalla (Vikramaditya VI) from Dhara after the latter's conquest over those parts and appointed him as Mahamandalesvara of Kollipaka, seven thousand. Jagaddeva granted a village named Goshtipadu to the god Brahmesvara installed by Brahmadeva Nayaka son of Dhakkana Nayaka at Bhuvanagiri which was a fort belonging to the King (Vallabhasya durga sthani bhute) for the maintenance of anga ranga bhogas etc., to the god and for feeding the ascetics residing probably in a matha attached to the temple and engaged in the study of Vedas.
1107 AD - 1126 AD : Kumara Somesvara
mahapradhana banasaverggade Anantapala dandanayaka.
Mahapradhani : Kailasarasa, Asigarasa
Dandanayakas : Kalimayya, Tikkapayya
7th July, 1107 AD : This inscription is on a broken stone pillar lying in the Mukha mandapa of Somesvara temple. It is mentioned in the record that Suryagrahana (solar eclipse) was the occasion of the gift. But the tithi being Purnima and that a lunar eclipse occurred on that day, the mention of solar eclipse seems to be an oversight by the composer or scribe.
The record is partly damaged. It seems to record that Kumara Somesvara made some gifts to the Parshwanath Jinalaya in the village of Chappaliya, Timtrini-gachchha, Kranurgana and Padmanandi Siddhantadeva are mentioned.
25th December 1107 AD : Kolanupaka
Tribhuvanamalla, ruling from Kalyanapura.
Registers the gift of income derived from the taxes vattaparikaya, and kavalidere of the village Piriya-Pembariti belonging to the temple and situated in Holalu-12 for worship and offerings to god Jagaddeva-narayana by mahapradhana banasaverggade Anantapala- dandanayaka.
1108 AD : This inscription is in the Somesvara temple. The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of the Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla ruling from Kalyana and introduces his minister Banasaverggede Dandanayaka Anantapala. His officer Kirvvatleya-Voddaravula-dabbu pannaya named Gopatiyayya is stated to have made the gift of one Ganda Dwipa (perpetual lamp) to the god Somesvara of Kollipaka included in his area. The merchant guild of the place had made the gift of some levy on the amgadis or shops.
1109 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription is on the foundation stone of the temple. This record seems to have been set up by Kumara Somesvara, on the said date, probably during his first stay at Kollipaka, replacing Jagaddeva of the Paramara family. His antahpuraverggede is stated to have made some gift. The prince Gangapermadi (Kumara Somesvara) is attributed with the conquest of the countries of Chola, Pamchala, Malava, Chera, Gurjara and Simhala.
Kolanupaka Inscription States that while Tribhuvanamalla was ruling, his son Kumara Somesvara, was exercising authority over Kolipaka-7000, when, Sandhivigrahi Dandanayaka Kalimayya, at the request of Asagarasa made a gift of 12 mas of gadde land to the west of Jagaddhu narayanapura, in Ramakkeri, to the temple of Mallikarjuna, built by Dandanayaka Tikamayya.
Mahamandalesvara Kailasarasa of Tardavadi and a subordinate of Subhatungadeva . We known that the epithet subhatungideva was characteristic of the Imperial Rashtrakutas
29th October 1110 AD : Kolanupaka
This inscription in Kannada prose, is dated Chalukya Vikrama year 35 Vikriti, Kartika Sukla 15, lunar eclipse (A.D. 1110 October 29th, Saturday night Lunar eclipse).
It records that while Chalukya Tribhuvanamalla was ruling his son Kumara Somesvara had granted two mattars of wetland to Aditya Bhatta Somayaji on the occasion of the lunar eclipse, in the presence of mahapradhani Kailyarasa in the Kolipaka Nadu.
Prince Somesvara is mentioned with Western Ganga titles which probably indicate that he descended on his mother's side from the royal family of the Western Gangas.
Kolanupaka :12th December A.D. 1111 : Telugu and Kannada
The inscription begins with the usual prasasti of the Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla and introduces his son Kumara Somesvara with all his titles. His dandanayaka Kalimayya, requesting his master, is said to have granted three mattars of wetland near the Ramal tank, to the west of Jagaddeva Narayana-manya, to the god Mallikarjuna, installed by his brother Tikkapayya, who was also a dandanayaka at Kollipaka. He also granted another 3 mattars of wetland to Brahmesvara deva installed by his son-in-law Brahmadeva-nayaka.
June, 1112 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription in Sanskrit verse and prose belongs to Chalukya Kumara Somesvara. It is dated Chalukya Vikrama year 37, Nandana, Dakshinayana Samkranti (A. D. 1112 June).
It begins with the invocation to the bore-incarnate of Vishnu. Then follows the description of Ahavamalla and his son Tribhuvanamalla Somesvara, the latter's son, is introduced with all his epithets and said to be the lord of Kollipaka desa. He granted ten nivartanas of wetland at the big canal-head of the big tank in the village Nellutu in Kaluvi cheda-forty to Kesavabhattopadhyaya of Sandilya gotra and son of Mayura nayaka on the occasion of Dakshinayana Samkranti. Two more grants were also made by him on the same occasion: one of ten nivartanas of land at the canal-head of the small tank in the village Vaddagi cheruvu to Golanabhattopadhyaya of Harita gotra and the other, consisting of ten nivartanasin the same Nellutu village to Vamanabhatta of Bharadvaja gotra. Each of the three individuals was also granted forty nivartanas of dry land and two house sites in the respective villages.
The inscription refers to the prosperous reign of the king Chalukya Tribhuvanamalladeva, and introduces the prince Kumara Somesvara, who bears a string of titles and is stated to have made a gift of ten mattars of niru-nela (wetland) to the brahmana named Adityabhatta Somayaji, on the occasion of the lunar eclipse. Another gift of 12 mattars in Gomdura of Kollipaka-nadu and 12 mattars in Ittakayala village, included in Kollipaka- 1000 as paramesvaradatti Mahapradhana Sandhi vigrahi dandanayaka Kalimarasar executed the order.
March 24, 1125 AD: Kolanupaka - It registers gift of the village Panupura to the goddess Ambika of the locality Ambaratilaka, situated in his capital Kollipake by Mahamandalesvara Chalukya Ganga- permadi Kumara Somesvara at the request of Sayimayya, army-commander of Kollipake-Two- Thousand. The goddess Ambika must be the Sasanadevata of the Jaina Tirthankara Neminatha. A mighty general of Somesvara was Svamideva or Sayimayya Dandanayaka.
Udayachoda II (1136 AD - 1178 AD) and Muppana Nayaka
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Fragmentary. Records a gift of fifty sheep for a perpetual lamp obviously to god Somesvara by Muppama-nayaka, a servant of Udayana Choda-maharaja. Also records similar gifts for perpetual lamps by other individuals whose names however are not clear.
Varmayya
Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Jagadekamalla II (1138 - 1158 AD)
The inscription is copied from five fragmentary pieces. The date portion is missing Palaeographically it may be assigned to 12th century A.D. i.e to the reign of Jagadekamalla II. His Dandanayaka, certain Varmayya seems to have made some gift of land measuring 300 mattars on the occasion of the installation of some deity, certain dikshaguru (Pampa) Permanadigalu is said to have made the gift of 3 mattars of land and one mattar of flower garden. Some other gifts are also stated.
Paricchedis
The Pericchedis are also mentioned as vassals of the Chalukyas. According to V. Rama Chandra Rao, they were connected to the ancient Chedi. The Pericchedis had two branches, with Kollipaka and Bezawada their capitals. Paricchedis had the title Kollipakapuravarādhisvara
Paricchedis were staunch patrons of Hindu Dharma in contrast to the Chalukyas, who initially were patrons of Jainism.
Paricchedis of Kollipaka, the Chagis of Gudimetta and the Paliavas of Guntur mentioned in their records that Trilochana Paliava
It is believed that Vishnukundina Madhava Varma along with members of the other three gotras conquered the Salankayanas and established their rule. Some of the feudal kingoms of this time were the Kotas, Chagis, and Paricchedi. The Paricchedis Kings were ancestors of the Pusapati royal family who built Bezawada (Modern Vijayawada) off the river Krishna by 626 AD and another capital in Kollipaka establishing themselves for nine centuries there. They are considered to be descendants of one of the earliest Maharana’s of Mewar, who migrated to south during 7th century. They were staunch patrons of Hindu Dharma in contrast to the Chalukyas, who initially were patrons of Jainism.
1279 AD : Nissamka Poti Nayaka
27th December A.D. 1279 : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
The inscription after the invocation of the gods Varaha, Ganesa and moon, introduces the line of kings called Durjayas, born from the shoulder of Brahma. In that line of Durjaya, were born the Kakatiya kings, Prola and his son [Rudra] and his younger brother Mahadeva. His son was Ganapatideva, whose daughter was Rudradevi. Her husband was Virabhadra. To Mahadeva, the elder [brother of Virabhadra] of the Chalukya family was born Indusekhara. His lemka, a subordinate, was Nissamka Potinayaka whose parents were Machinayaka and Madachi. The inscription, afterwards states that Potinayaka caused a canal called Vamsavardhana - kulya to be dug and that Indusekhara made a gift of thirty nivartanas (of land) for the worship of the god Somanatha.
Poti Nayaka and Proli Nayaka fought fiercely against Kalinga Vira Bhanudeva I, son and successor of Narasimha I,and his accomplices Arjuna Deva, the Matsya chief of Oddadi and others, inflicting a crushing defeat on them.
