Kandur

Kandur is located in current Addakal Mandal, Mahabubnagar district. In old days it is also called Kandurnadu or Kandurghana had about 1,000 villages in its jurisdiction and also called Kandur-1000 

Vaddavani-500 or Vaddemana-500 may be modern Nandi Vaddeman, formerly known as Vardhamaanapuram and Kodur in Nagarkurnool district is part of Kandurnadu for sometime.

In Kandurnadu Pangal, Kandur, Gangapur, Jadcherla are the marketing centers

Perur in Nalgonda is located in the ancient geographical division called Kandurnadu which corresponds to the modern taluks of Miriyalaguda and Devarakonda in Nalgonda , Suryapeta in Suryapet district, and Jadcherla, Mahabubnagar in Mahabubnagar district

Yapaniyas were active at Saundatti, Kalbhavi and Hannikeri all situated in Belgaum district, Karnataka

940 AD :  Prthivivarma built a Jain Temple to Kareya Gana of the Mailapa Anvaya
980 AD : Mahasamanta Santivarma a grandson of Prthivivarma built in 980 a second Jain temple at Sundatti and endowed it with a piece of land. The donation was received by the monk Bahubali Bhattaraka of the Kandur Ghana

Haihaya Chiefs

913 AD : Gommarasa I

913 AD : Padaturu, Nalgonda, Nityavarsha (Indra III) 
This Kannada inscription, engraved on a pillar, set up in front of Ramalingesvarasvami temple, belongs to the reign of Rashtrakuta king Nityavarsha (i.e., Indra III). It refers to mahasamanta Nurmadidhavala and to his subordinate chief Gommarasa, who was administering Kollipaka nadu-7000 division. Dated Saka 835, Srimukha (A.D 913), it registers the grant of several lands along with income from tax siddhaya by Chamangamunda, son of Aydamayya, to the temple raised by the former. Aydamayya is stated to have been ruling over Padaturu.

Nurmadi Tailapa II claimed descent from the earlier Chalukyas of Vatapi (Badami), and initially ruled as a Rashtrakuta vassal from the Tardavadi-1000 province in the modern Bijapur district of Karnataka. When the Rashtrakuta power declined following an invasion by the Paramara king Siyaka, Tailapa overthrew the Rashtrakuta king Karka II, and established a new dynasty.

1033 AD - 1042 AD : Kanduru Anemarasa  or Anemarasa I or Yanemarasa I

Ayyarasa of Haihaya family was ruling Kandurnadu under Somesvara I.

27th November A.D. 1033 & 15th July, A.D. 1038

Record from Mallesvaram Saka 955 and Saka 960 

Malleswaram, Kollapur Taluka : This inscription is on a stone in the Agastheswara Swamy temple. The grant was made on two different dates by a chief named Anemarasa of Kanduru who bears a string of epithets and feudatory of Jagadekamalla I. The inscription is important as it brings to light a new feudatory chief hitherto not known and contains the earliest mention of Kanduru, from which hailed the Telugu-Cholas of Kanduru. The first grant dated S 955 A.D. 1033, registers some gift of lands to Jagadindu Pandita, an ascetic, for imparting education (Vidyadana) and feeding ascetics (ahara). The second grant dated S.960 A.D, 1038, as also issued by the same chief i.e., Anemarasa from his nelevidu Pottalakere (Modern Patancheru in Medak District) in favour of the same ascetic. It also mentions another ascetic Chidisvara Pandita and the grant of the village Chimili on the banks of river Krishna.

Probably moved to Koduru

10th March 1054 AD : Tatiparthi

This inscription is on a stone pillar near the Bhairava temple. Incomplete. Records some grant as sravabadhaparihara by Kamarasa and Dadikoram barmayyar with the permission of Padiyaram Kuppayya in Koduru while mahamandalesvara Anemarasadeva was ruling over Koduru-300. Also mentions a certain Annam Bhimarasar.

1047 AD - 1049 AD : Sankarasa
25th August, 1048 AD : Malleswaram, Kollapur
Introduces a new subordinate chief named Sankarasar who was a crest jewel of the Chaluky family, who bears a string of epithets such as Bhupakandarpa, vairi kula kala sarpam, sangram viram, Raja marthandam, Kshatra pavitram, Ganda trinetram, Udara narayanam and Chakra kuta dharavar sa pura dahana, etc. which are almost similar to those met with in the inscriptions of Bijjarasa and Kanduru Anemarasar. The record further states that the above chief, on the auspicious occasion of pavitra arohana, made a gift of land 13 marttars in the village of Kulakuliya in Vaddemana-500, to the pontiff Chidisvara pandita of Agastheswara. The record was composed by Bijjaya who performed pattala karena and sandhvigrahi.

1050 AD - 1052 AD : Kumara Vijayaaditya I younger son of Somesvara I 

1051 AD : As per Mallesvaram in the Kollapur Inscription Saka 973,  Vijayaaditya I younger son of Somesvara I (1042 - 1068 AD) ruling Kandurnadu

1057 AD - 1058 AD : Ayyarasa

1058 AD : An inscription found at Nagai dated 1058 AD, Ayyarasa of Haihaya family was ruling Kandurnadu under Somesvara I.

1058 AD - 1079 AD : Sankaraganda of Kandura
1058 AD : Manthati : This inscription is on a hill called Bayyanagutta outside the village. Records the installation of God Bhairava in Wanaparthy by Attikabbe, wife of Mesavala Ketaya mantri, ankakara Sankaraganda of Kanduru. This is the earliest reference to modern Wanaparti.

1077 AD : Kolanupaka Inscription - Sankaragandarasa No. 14 dated 27 August 1077, overlord Tribhuvanamalla 

1079 - 1088 : Jayasimha  Younger brother of Vikramaditya VI

1079 AD : Jayasingadeva or Jayasimha Younger brother of Vikramaditya VI

There was a rebellion by the emperor's younger brother Jayasimha, the viceroy of Banavasi, around c.1080-1082 which was quelled and the rebel pardoned.

1081 CE– The inscription, which is incomplete, registers a grant made by Dona, the younger brother of Mahasamantadhipati Eremayya who was administering the Purigere-300, for the Jain cult in Purikara. The gift was entrusted to Narendrasena (II), of the Sena-gana in the Mula Sangh, the disciple of Nayasena Suri who in his turn was the disciple of Narendrasena (I). It is stated that at the time of the record the king‘s younger brother Yuvaraja (Jayasimha III) was governing the two Six–Hundreds (vis. Belvola-300 and Purigere–300), Banavasi –12000, Santalige-1000 and Kandur-1000.

1082 AD : Slab record into the wall of the backyard of the Taluk office – South Indian Inscriptions vol XX, no 55 – refers to the reign of the Western Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla ( Vikramaditya VI ) – not dated, based upon tithi it corresponds to 1082 CE – The inscription registers a gift of land made by the five-hundred members headed by Santi-setti of Purigere, after purchasing it form the Brahmanas with the money which had accumulated with interest, granted, formerly to Talara Nagavaraman, a subordinate of Vavana-nripati, to Lakkana-setti, father of Santi-setti, For the benefit of drawing water by picotta (eat) from the well called Ratanada-bavi When Trailokyamalla Vira–Nolama-Pallava-permanadi-Jayasimhadeva was governing Purigere-300, Belvola–300, Banavasi-12000 and Kandur-1000. It refers to one Jayakeaief Sagara family as the subordinate of Jayasimha.

1088 - Kandur Chodas

1088 AD - 1097 AD : Tondaya II Chola Maharaja

24 December 1088 AD : Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
This inscription dated C.V.E. 13, Vibhava, Uttarayana Samkranti. (A.D. 1088, Dec. 24 ?) It records the gift of the land and other gifts to the God Uttar vara by the king's feudatory Mahamandalesvara Tondarasa Chola Maharaja of Kanduru, of the solar race and Karikala lineage who was ruling Kollipaka seven thousand. The inscription gives the Spiritual lineage of Kalamukha monk Ramesvara Pandita into whose hands the gift was made. The lineage is traced from Ramesvara Pandita I, his disciple Devabhakti Pandita, Kadaresvara Pandita and Ramesvara Pandita II. The gift was made for the anga bhoga and Rangabhoga of the god, the maintenance of the students studying there and a satra.

25th December, A.D. 1091 

Thus in all we have four records of Tondaya-Chola maharaja, dates ranging from the Chalukya Vikrama years 12-16 (1088-92 A.D.).

1091 AD : An unpublished epigraph from Panugallu dated C.V. 15 set up by Bhima's eldest son Tondaya registers some vrittis granted by him to a brahman who carried the ashes of his father Kandūru Bhima Chōda to Ganga for immersing them in that holy river.

Kolanupaka
This damaged inscription refers to the reign of the Western Chalukya king Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya VI.  1076 - 1126 AD. The details of the date are missing. It introduces the king’s feudatory Mahamandalesvara Kondaya Choladevamaharaja, of the solar race and Karikala’s lineage, lord of the foremost town of Kolur, who was ruling the province of the Kollipake-Seven-Thousand.

States that while the Chalukya Emperor Vikramaditya-VI was ruling, his feudatory mahamandalesvara Kanduri Tondaya Chola Maharaja, Lord of Kodurupura administering authority over Kollipaka-7000, made a gift to the temple of the God Vishnu, towards the anga and ranga bhogas of the God. It also states that previously a gift was made, on S.954, Angirasa, Ashadha, ba:15, Monday, (A.D. 1032) to the God Mallinatha, by Jagadekamalladeva. The gift consisted of 20 tanks, in Anemargo, situated in Kollipaka-7000 as free from all encumbrances. There is another incomplete record on the same slab which contains the prasasti of Amanaverggade Nannapayya, who was the Mahamatya of Jagadekamalla

Kolanupaka, Bhuvanagiri
Tribhuvanamalla ruling from Kalyana
Records a gift of the village Rachervu in Kodada-12 for worship and offerings to god Vishnudeva by Tondayachodamaharaja of Kanduru, who was ruling over Kollipake-7000. The contents are repeated again in a verse at the end.

Udayachoda I, Bhimachoda III, Gokarnachoda I  are the sons of Tonda II.

1104 AD  - 1128 AD : Kumara Tailapa the younger son of Vikramaditya VI was in possession of kandurnadu-1100 and Sindvadi-1000 with its capital at Tumbalam near Adoni and wanted to assert independence over kandurnadu.

Panugallu

The record is partly damaged. Mentions Tailapa, the son of the emperor, and seems to record Sift to a brahmana, son of Vaidyanatha in Gokarna-brahmapuri, probably by Mahamandalesvara Bhima Choda who is said to have obtained the whole of Kanduru mandala as fief from Tailapa. Details not clear.

Panugallu
Damaged. Describes a subordinate officer, a Mahamandalesvara (name lost) who is said to have secured his office from the King's son Tailapadeva. Gokarna is also mentioned.

It seems that Tailapa distributed the governorship of Kandurunadu between two brothers of the Choda family, Bhima III (who held Kodur and Vardhamanapura) and Gokarna I (who held Panugallu). 

1104 AD - 1105 AD : Kanduru Bhimana Choda Maharaja or Bhimachoda III son of Tonda II
31st December, 1104 AD : Kolanupaka.
This inscription is on a stone slab in the fields. It states that, while Chalukya emperor Tribhuvanamalladeva was ruling the ever increasing prosperous kingdom from the nelevidu of Kalyana, Kanduru Bhimana Choda Maharaja of the lineage of Karikala Kasyapa-gotra granted lordship over Bhaditippaparti included in Cheraku-70 included in the Irrama-300, of Kanduru- 1100 bada, making it agrahara to Kavaliya Brahmadevayya. The inscription bears at the end signatures of (1) Kavaliya Brahmadevayya, (2) Rajadhyaksha Jogadevayya (3) Sarvadhyaksha Peggada Komanayya and (4) Peggada Irugamayya.

But we have a record set by Kanduri Bhima Choda in the Chalukya Vikrama year 29, A.D. 1105 at Ramalingala gudem, near Nalgonda. 

1104 AD : Kammaravadi Inscription in the reign of Tribhuvanamalla (Vikramditya VI) mentions Mahamandelaswara Yanemarasa lord of Mahishmati of the Haihaya Vamsa ruling the territory in the neighbourhood of Kammaravāḍi in the old Hyderabad State

1110 AD - 1128 AD : Kumara Tailapa

25th December, 1110 AD : Malleswaram
This inscription is on a stone in the Agastyesvara temple. Records the gift of the village Vrepakallu situated in baliya Sarimale-12, of Ettapi-Kampana-90, of Kanduru - 1100, as Sarvanamasya, (free from all encumbrances) by mahamandalesvara Kumara Tailapadeva to the Gods Agastyesvara and chandalesvara installed by him at the instance of his foster-mother Bagi Abbe.

4th August 1121 AD : Nekkonda, Mahaboobnagar District.

Language : Kannada
This inscription dated C.V.E. 46, Plava, Sravana, Amavasya Sunday. (A.D. 1121, Aug. 14). It begins with the prasasti of Kumara Tailapadeva, the king's son by Chandaladevi and states that he was ruling from Kolur with his queen Lakshmi Devi and sons Permadi and Bikkideva. It registers the gift of the village Bhudupura (in Kanduru-70, in Nurumbada of Kanduru-1000) for worship at and repairs to the temple of the god Ramesvara of Nekkondi and for feeding the ascetics.

1123 AD: Bothpur, Mahbubnagar

This inscription is dated C.V.E. (46), Plava, Sravana amavasya, Sunday. Records the achievements of Kumara Tailapa Son of Chandaladevi. He was ruling from his nelavidu at Koluru with his queen Lakshmadevi, sons Permadi Deva and Bikkadeva. It also registers the gifts of the village Badambudu situated in Kanduru 70, a nurumbada to the God Ramesvara of Nekkonda for the worship and offerings to the god and for the repairs of the temple and for feeding the ascetics residing there by Kumara Tailapa. The titles of the prince namely Vengisa vana dava dahana and Chola Kula kumudini martandi mentioned in the previous records occur in this inscription also.

1125 AD : A jaina inscription data 1125-26 AD refers itself to the reign of Chalukya King Bhulokamalla (Somesvara III). It informs that when prince Tailapa was ruling over Kandurunadu a certain merchant Bommisetti of the Virabalangi community , is said to have constructed a chaityalaya , the deity of which was Parsvanatha at Gangapur after washing the feet of Meghachandra Bhattara

Amanakallu-70, a part of Kandurnadu.

The region of Kandurunadu located south of the Kakatiya territory formed the yuvaraja-vritti or kumara-vritti (royal appanage) of Kumara Tailapa, the younger brother of the Chalukya king Somesvara III. It appears that Kumara Tailapa was active in the region even during the reign of his father, King Vikramaditya, as Tailapa's earliest inscriptions in Kandurunadu date to 1110 C.E. In addition to Kandurunadu, Kumara Tailapa also held the province of Sindavadi, with its capital at Tumbalam (near Adoni).

Prince Tailapa eventually sought to become independent of his elder brother. While Bhima agreed to fight for Tailapa, Gokarna I remained loyal to King Somesvara. As a result, it seems that Gokarna was killed by Kumara Tailapa and Bhima in 1128.

1128 AD - 1136 AD : Sridevi Tondaya was the son of Udayaditya I, elder brother of Gokarna and Bhima Chōda . 

1128 AD : Anamala, Miryalaguda Taluk.
Belonging to the same period are two epigraphs from Anamala in Miryalaguda Taluk. They belong to the Kanduri Choda family which paid allegiance to the Western Chalukyas of Kalyani. One of them, dated Saka 1050 (A.D. 1128), was issued by Sridevi Tondaya and is silent about the overlord, suggesting an independant status.

This inscription is on a stone pillar set up in the fields towards the west of the village. The inscription records that Mahamandalesvara Kanduri Sridevi Tondaya of Kasyapa-gotra, Karikalanvaya, and solar race, the lord of Kodurupura granted the prabhutva (lordship) of Alamula included in Cheraku-70 (region) with ashtabhogatejas-svamyatas to Ajjala Erayana- peggada. The record, on the other three sides contains Telugu verses in Kanda and one in Champakamala metres, stating that certain Prolemaraja-amarya obtained (from the king) vrittis consisting of Chagamari-12 and Dodidorti-12 and other things. The Champakamala verse states the various royal insignia obtained by Proleyamatya which include, adapamu (betel bag),andalamu (palanquin), (royal) seats kamchagattu (.............), vichchadiya (permission to pay royal visits?), dharalu (swords), savadi-samkhulu (sounding conch shells), bherulu (beating drums), gamgu-gondamu (......), godugulu (umbrellas), pili (elephant), barha-kunta (peacock- fans?) and kham-vitanamu (...).

The last verse states that Adapa-Erayan-peggade obtained the prabhutva (lordship) from Tondaraja of the line of Jata Choda. From this record we understand that the Choda family of Kanduru belonged to the line of Jata Choda of Eruva as said in the Vollala inscription of Mallikarjuna Choda (Ep. Andhrica IV p.26). Secondly, Sridevi Tondaya, the donor of this record is not properly identifiable among the known members of the Kanduri Choda chiefs. Thirdly, it is not known how Proleyaraja-amatya and Erayana peggada were related to each other.

1131 AD : Adavi-Devulapalli, Miryalaguda Taluk
This inscription is on a slab lying in front of the Chennakesava temple. Records the installation of the deity Ramaramana at the place called Bauddham situated on the bank of the river Krishna by mahamandalesvara Kandari Tondaya-chada, who is described as Koduri- puravaradhisvara and belonging to Kasyapa-gotra and Karikalanvaya. While he was ruling from his capital Panugallur over Kandara nadu Vinuribada-nadu and Kondapalli-nadu, his minister Gopati son of Medama granted two khandugas of hand and taxes (sunkas) for maintaining perpetual lamp to the above deity.

1136 AD : Prola II, at the behest of King Somesvara, invaded Kandurunadu to put an end to the rebellion. Prola attacked the general Govinda-damdesa, who had received Panugallu from Kumara Tailapa after Gokarna was killed. Upon defeating and killing Govinda-damdesa, Prola restored Panugallu to Udaya Choda, the son of Gokarna. Prola's campaign into Panugallu seems to have occurred sometime between 1128 and 1136.

1136 AD - 1178 AD : Udayachoda II Son of Gokarnachoda I
King Udayanachoda, who was ruling a vast kingdom comprising 1,100 villages from Panugal in the present Nalgonda district, had expanded his kingdom as far as the present Mahabubnagar district, holding the strategic Krishna River belt under his control.

1137 AD : Kakatiya Prola II Defeated Kumara Tailapa. Kumara Tailapa finally attempted to become independent sometime in A.D. 1137. The Rachūru inscription of A.D. 1137 refers to him as the sovereign king with Gangapura as his nelavidu

1149 AD: Tailapa-III or Kumara Tailapa was defeated by Kakatiya Prola II around 1149 AD

Gona Kata Bhupati
a minister of Ganapati

Gona Kata Bhupati - Rudra Bhupati - Buddha Bhupati - Vithaia Raja - Buddha Reddy ( the author )
 

Gona Ruda Bhupathi

1190 AD - 1217 AD : Gona Buddha reddi I  

Gona Budda Reddy ruled a kingdom from Vardhamaanapuram (currently known as Nandi Vaddemaan) in NagarKurnool and Khilla Ghanpur (Fort Ghanpur) in modern-day Ghanpur, Wanaparthy  district.

Gona Buddha had a daughter Kuppamambika alias Kuppasanamma and her husband Malyala Gunda was a general of Ganapati.

1219 AD - 1230 AD: Gona Ganapayya or Vithala son of Gona Buddha reddi I

1219 AD : Nagadevapalli, Nagarkurnool. 

This inscription is on a slab laying in front of Hanuman Temple. Very much damaged. It mentions the chief Gona Ganapayya who made a grant for the merit of his over lord Kakatiya
Ganapatideva and his father Buddireddi, who is described as Eruva gonga, Kodvaluri puravaradhisvara and vitaranotsaha.

1224 AD : Gona Ganapayya Son of Gona Budha Reddi obtained by the grace of Ganapatideva, the Kandur-nadu which he was ruling from Vardhamanapura.

Ganapayareddi and Immadi Visvanatha seemed to have been ruling over Kandurnadu region, spreading over Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda and Kurnool districts between themselves as Mahasmanthas under the Kakatiya kings.

16th January, A.D. 1229 : Vardhamanapuram
This inscription is dated from S. 1150, Sarvadhari, Magha ba. 12, Thursday (?) (A.D. 1229, Jan. 16). This introduces the king`s feudatory Ganapayya who was the son of Gona Buddhi reddi as ruling over Kanduru nadu from his headquarters at Vardhamanapura. Next it refers to setti and Vaidisetti of the town Kirti Narayanapura. Tumbula who constructed Temples for Sakalesvara, Virabhadra Deva and Somanatha and made gifts of income derived from tolls etc. A supplement records the gift made by certain Visvanathadeva for the merit of Mancharasa the Sunkadhikari of Ganapatideva Maharaja in Margasira Su. 1, Monday.

1230 AD - 1262 AD : Gona Budha Reddy II 

Budha dedicates Ranganatha Ramayanam to his father Vithala or Gona Ganapayya

Gona Buha Reddy had three sons and 1 daughter. Gona Ganna Reddy,  poets Gona Kacha Reddy, Gona Vitalanatha and Kuppambika. 

18th August, A.D. 1259. : Bothpur

The very beautiful celestial creeper of Kuppambika, born in the great milky ocean of the Gona dynasty, an eternal ornament to the forest of Malayala dynasty, (and one who was) honoured by the learned men (the gods), bears fruit along with him.

1253 AD : Immadi Reddy, was responsible for the eastern section of the doab where the Gadwal samasthan became established

A warrior local in the area named Pedda Veera Reddy ( also known as Budda Reddy ) assisted Immadi Reddy in land clearing

1262 AD  - 1296 AD : Gona Ganna Reddy son of Gona Budha Reddy II

Wife : Annamambika Devi, considered to be one of the best friends of Rani Rudrama.

Gona Ganna Reddy had two brothers and one sister. They were the poets Gona Kacha Reddy, Gona Vitalanatha and Kuppambika. 

Gona Kacha Reddy and Vitalanatha's contributions include the completion of the Uttarakaanda section in the Ranganatha Ramayanam. Ranganatha's version was the first and foremost Ramayanam written in Telugu literary history by Gona Budda Reddy. 

His sister, Kuppambika is known to be the first Telugu woman poet as per Buddapuram inscriptions. Kuppambika married Malyala Gundadandadeeshudu, who was also known as Danda Senani.

Gona Ganna Reddy married the love of his life Annaambika, best friend of Rudramadevi. A 400-page Kakatiya historical novel was written by Adavi Baapiraju in 1946.

1276 AD : Malyala Gundanna
Malyala Gundanna constructed several lakes with the help of his brother-in-law Gona Ganna Reddy and died in 1276 AD at the time of Rudrama Devi's rule.

1294 AD : Vithala son of Gona Ganna Reddy

Gona Ganna's chief minister was Vithala, his own brother. Vithala is described as the rajyarakshamani, the jewel amulet of his kingdom, protector of people, aware of his duties, possessor of good qualities and the ruler of the kingdom of Raichur. The third Kakatiya offensive was directed against the Seuna Yadavas, who were also allies of Ambadeva. 

The main participant in this offensive seems to have been Gona Vithala, a Kakatiya subordinate who was ruling at Vardhamanapur in southwest Telangana. Gona Vithala captured the forts of Adavani and Tumbalam in the modern-day Bellary district, as well as Manuva and Hanuva in the Raichur doab. He then proceeded to capture the town of Raichur itself, where a fort was erected. Thus, the Seuna Yadavas had lost control over their southernmost territories in the Krishna-Tungabhadra basin. The Kakatiya invasion of this region seems to have occurred around 1294, the date of Gona Vithala's inscription describing his military achievements.

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Kalachuris of Kalyani

1156 - 1183 : Kalachuris of Kalyani 

Founder : 

Kalachuris of Kalyani  also known as Kalachuris of Mahishmati, were an Indian dynasty rose to power in the Deccan region between 1156 and 1182 CE . They are also known as the Early Kalachuris to distinguish them from their later namesakes, especially the Kalachuris of Tripuri.

Soma

Krishna

c. 925 AD : Uchita
c. 950 AD : Asaga
c.975 AD : Kannama
c. 1000 AD : Kirivasaga or Asana II
c. 1057 AD : Bijjala I

Bijjala I was a feudatory of Chalukya Somesvara I in 1057 A.D. 

c.1067 Kannama II

Bijjala’s son Kannama II was also a Chalukya feudatory in 1067 A.D. 

c.1069 AD - c. 1080 AD Ammarasa

The inscription found at Mandrup in south Solapur taluka relates to the period 1069 A.D. The rule of the Kalachuri chief Ammarasa, who is stated to have ruled from Mangaliveda. It mentions the administrative division Anandura-300 and another smaller division of 30.

c. 1080 AD : Jogama

It was suggested by Dr. Desai that Kannama’s son Jogama came to power in about 1080 A.D. though the earliest known date for him so far is 1087-88 A.D. the date of an inscription from Kolagiri in Jath taluka of Sangli district

c.1118 AD - c. 1130 AD : Permadi

1130 - 1167 AD : Bijjala II proclaimed independence in 1156.
Established the authority over Karnataka after wresting power from the Chalukya king Taila III.

He was the most famous of the southern Kalachuri kings who ruled initially as a vassal of Chalukya Vikramaditya VI. He ruled as the Mahamandalesvara (chief or governor) over Karhada-4000 and Tardavadi-1000 provinces, designations given to territories within the larger Western Chalukya kingdom.

Mahamandaiesvara Bijjala is mentioned with his brother Mailugi in inscription dated 1147 A.D. as a subordinate to Jagaddekamalla II. 

He revolted against the Western Chalukya Empire, assumed imperial titles in 1157, and ruled along with his successors, the Deccan Plateau for a quarter of a century

1168–1176 : Sovideva

This inscription was found in the Hanuman temple at Sivani in north Solapur relates to 1171 A.D. It refers itself to the reign of the Kalachuri king Sovideva.

Mallugi --> overthrown by brother Sankama

1176 - 1178 AD : Sankama

1178 AD - 1183 AD : Ahavamalla

18th July, 1181 AD : Appanapalli , Mahabubnagar
This inscription is on the northern wall of Siva temple. Records that the elders of Aiyyavolu 500, 36 Beedu of Mummari and the Ubhaya nananadesis of Kannada Navaka 1000 assembled and built the gateway (torana) at Kadamburu.
Note: This Ahuvamalla was the fifth son of Bijjela. His earliest record is dated A.D. 1181. If this was his third year, he must have proclaimed himself as king in A.D. 1178-79.

11th January, 1182 AD : Alampur, Jogulamba Gadwal District
This inscription is of the time of the Kalachuri king Ahavamalla, son of Bijjala. It cites the date, his 4th regnal year, Magha s.u. 5, Monday. This date regularly corresponds to A.D. 1182, January 11.

It states that the representatives of the trading corporation of Ayyavale-Five-Hundred, Ubhaya-Nanadesis, Mummuridandas of Thirty-six Bidus, Kannada-Four-Thousand and the chief men of the business centres like Trumbula, Gobbur, Maddur and Alampur, assembled in a conference and made the gift of income derived from tools on various transactions to the Gavaresvara Kesava-rasi, Sthanapati of the temple received the gift.

Alampur, Mahaboobnagar District.
11th January, A.D. 1182. :This inscription is dated Regnal year 4, Magha su. 5, Monday, (A.D. 1182, Jan. 11). It records that the representatives of the trading corporation of Ayyavale-500, Ubhaya-nanadesis, Mummuri Dandas of 36 Bidus, Kannada four thousand and the chief men of business centres like Tumbula, Gobburu, Madduru, and Alampur assembled in a conference and made the gift of income from tools on various transactions to the god Gavaresvara. Kesavarasi Sthanapati received the gift.

Singhana

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Gangapuram Chenna Keshava Swamy Temple

Gangapuram Chenna Keshava Swamy Temple is located in Gangapuram Village, Jadcherla Mandal, Mahabubnagar district, Telangana State, India.

Built in 1042 AD is one of the important temples existing in South India and it is mentioned in Skandha Purana. This place is located about 5 Kms from Jadcherla towards Kalwakurthy in Mahabubnagar District. 

The place became very famous during the reign of Chalukya kings of Badami. The Chalukya king of Kalyani Sri Thrailokya Malla Somwswarudu (1042 A.D. to 1063 A.D.) built Kesava Swamy Temple. 

From then this place was known as Kesavapuram. Earlier it was called as Mayapuram, Mathsyapuram and dhurithapuram etc. the main deity of this temple is Sri Kesava Swmay and the sculpture here is very attractive. There is an evidence of Jaina Kalamukha and shiva religions spread here. Every year festival of this temple will be celebrated on the day of Radhasapthami and people participate in this event on a large scale.

Sri Chenna Kesava Swamy is the presiding deity in this temple along with his consort Sri Lakshmi Devi. The Lord sports a mustache and holds the Chakra in his left hand and the Shankham in his right hand. The Sri Lakshmi Chenna Kesava Temple sculpture of this temple exhibits the glory of Hindavadharma and is built in the Indian style of architecture. The idol is made of black granite and the Prabhavali is usually made of brass. There is a beautiful mandapam in the middle of the modern structure whose base has almost been covered over leaving only a group of elephants in different poses running through it. The outer sanctuary has 20 ancient pillars with 12 facing the sanctum sanctorum. Around these pillars are kept the five beautiful and fairly new bronze Vahanas of Hamsa, Sesha, Garuda, Hanumantha and Ashwa.

Chenna Kesava Swamy, Anjaneya Swamy, Lakshmi Devi and Chaturbuja Ganapathi are the deities in the temple. Rathasapthami, Brahmotsavam, Kalyanotsavam on Maghashudha Chavithi, Ganga Thirunalla (every 2 years) and Ganga Jathara (every 2 Years) are the important festivals celebrated.

Temple Timings
Morning: 5:30 am to 12:30 pm
Evening: 4:00 am to 7:30 pm

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Alvanpalli Gollatha Temple or Gullu

Gollatha Temple is a holy shrine for Jains located near Alvanpalli village, Jadcherla Mandal of Mahabubnagar District, Telangana State, India.

Alvanpalli (Gollathagudi) village is located about 10 km from Jadcherlatown and nearly 30 km from the district headquarters of Mahabubnagar. It is well accessible by road. 

According to the department of archaeology and museums, there are only two ancient structures in the country built of bricks.

While one lies in total ruin at Gollatha Gullu in Alwanpally in Jadcherla, the other is the oldest Hindu temple built during the Gupta period located at Bhitargaon, Kanpur district in Uttar Pradesh.

The Gollatha Gullu, near the is a unique temple and stands amid an empty space with a wall around it and a locked gate. Built entirely of bricks, this temple stands as a model for brick technology of the time, according to ancient texts.

A familiar blue board lets us know that it is under the protection of the archaeology department, but it is obviously not on the tourist track because there is no way to enter.


There were four vertical storeys, where the bricks were made of burnt clay. This Jaina temple was built between 7th and 8th century and has been exposed to the vagaries of nature.

Large size bricks have been used to build the temple in old style, plastered with limestone. Since the bricks were glazed, it could not be held together.

The principal deity of this temple was Lord Mahavira. Some sculptures of Mahavira, Parsvanatha and a few other statues of historical importance are kept at a local museum in Pillalamarri and some at a museum in Hyderabad. This is apart from the headless statue of Lord Mahavira at this temple.

https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/in-other-news/300918/the-last-of-the-2-brick-temples.html

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Koilkonda Fort

Koilkonda Fort is located in Koilkonda village, Koilkonda Mandal, Mahabubnagar district of Telangana State, India. 

Koilkonda Fort is the erstwhile outpost of the Qutab Shahi dynasty situated on a hilltop. To reach the top, one needs to hike across a deep gorge on the west or a series of streams if coming through east before reaching a plight of steps that leads to the fort. To enter the Koilkonda Fort, seven gates have to be crossed. The first one spots an inscription of Ibrahim Qutab Shah that belongs to 1550 AD. Fourth gate leads to a dilapidated palace. There is also a mosque, an Idgah and a pond here. The Fort also has a ashurkhana dedicated to Bibi Fatima and is revered by both Hindus and Muslims.

For those who love adventure, thrills and everything in nature, Koilkonda Fort, situated around 140 km from Hyderabad in Mahbubnagar district, will quench your thirst for the adrenaline rush and offer peace at the same time.

The place, which is largely deserted and is only dominated by the tweeting of birds, provides a unique hiking opportunity. To reach the top, you need to walk across a deep canyon on the west or a series of streams, if coming through east, before reaching a flight of steps that leads to the fort. It is an erstwhile outpost of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which is perched on a hilltop.

To enter the fort, you have to cross as many as seven gates. While the first gate spots an inscription of Ibrahim Qutb Shah that dates back to 1550 and a broad chain lying on the ground, the fourth gate leads to a dilapidated palace or a royal residence.

The trail is not fit for a beginner since the path to the top is challenging. You have to pass through thorny bushes, boulders and trails that are slippery and difficult at times. The journey might be quite strenuous and adventurous at the same time. Be prepared for at least an hour’s hike.

There is also a mosque, an Idgah and a pond here. The fort also has an ‘ashurkhana’ dedicated to Bibi Fatima.

Nonetheless, the challenging hike is worth the effort. The view from the top, of the countryside, surrounding greenery, and of Koilsagar Dam will leave you amazed. The weather on the top is pleasant. You will feel like unwinding there until the end of the day and witness the beautiful sunset from the top. But, locals say that it is not safe enough to stay at the place till nightfall since the fort is completely deserted. Also, it is advisable to go here with a group and in broad daylight and when the weather is cool. Avoid visiting the place when the climate is hot. Start descending before sunset itself. Hydrate yourself throughout the hike. Mobile signals of Airtel and Jio are excellent in this area, even on the top.

Make sure you wear trekking pants or joggers. Wear trekking shoes since rocks are slippery. Take a basic first-aid kit and carry enough water bottles and snacks with you as there are no food stalls and water sources along the trek.

You can plan camping here or the water bed of the Koilsagar Dam – but only if you are expert trekkers or hikers. The condition of the road is really good and you can enjoy the ride through the countryside.

You can also visit Koilsagar Dam, located 34 km from the fort. It is a medium-sized irrigation project constructed in the period of the Nizams during 1945-48. It stretches across Peddavagu river, a minor tributary of River Krishna. The western stretch of this picturesque reservoir is surrounded by hills, making it a beautiful spot and is a treat for the eyes during sunrise and sunset. In case you love fishing don’t forget to take your fishing rods for some lovely catch.

Trekking
Prepare for a 30-40 minute hike that includes crossing seven gates (with intricate Telugu inscriptions, and symbols) amidst ruins, and silence broken only by the sound of chirping birds. Inside the fort is a mosque, an idgah, an ashurkhana, and a pond as well. However, the view from the top, of the surrounding greenery and of Koilsagar Dam is breath-taking.

The dam is at a distance of about 10 km from the fort and was constructed during the Nizam's time. Beautiful during sunsets, this place is as tranquil as it is picturesque. So, whether you are a nature/travel photographer, an adventure seeker or just someone who seeks solitude this is for you. That said, we do recommend you don't go here on a solo trip, for the desolated state of the place can be scary.

Sources

https://mahabubnagar.telangana.gov.in/gallery/koilkonda-fort/

https://telanganatoday.com/koilkonda-a-fort-full-of-adventure-in-telangana

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Alvanpalli Jain Temple

Alvanpalli Jain Temple is located in Alvanpalli, (Gollathagudi) village, Jadcherla Mandal, Mahabub Nagar District, Telangana, India.

It is a rare brick temple belonging to 7th – 8th Century A.D. It is the only brick temple of Jainism

faith which retained architectural features and stucco decorations. The stucco figurines discovered in the excavations exhibit the continuation of the lime plastic Art of Amaravathi School. The temple has been a subject of study, due to its unique architectural elements, which is not that prominent in other Jain sites.

The excavations nearby the settlement at Gollathagudiby the Archaeology team has brought to light many Jainism vestiges besides the remnants of a Hindu Temple, belonging to early medieval times. Jainism sculptures like Mahaveera, Parsvanatha and other objects found here, have been shifted to the District Museum, Pillalamarri, Mahabubnagar as well as the State Museum in Public Gardens, Hyderabad for preservation.

The oldest Jain temple built with bricks and in terracotta style lies in shambles.

According to the officials of Department of Archaeology and Museums, there are only two such structures now in the country. One is the oldest Hindu Temple built during Gupta period is located at Bhitargaon under Kanpur district in Uttar Pradesh. The second one is located in Telangana which was built between 7th and 8th century.

There are similarities between the two; while the one located in UP is the only remaining oldest Hindu temple and the other one is at Alvanpalli in Mahbubnagar district is the only remaining Jain temple built with bricks and in terracotta style, the sources added.

The temple, which was damaged around 18th century, has been remained exposed to vagaries of the nature. “This had resulted in the only remaining Jain brick temple suffering major damage as no efforts were being made to conserve it, besides it was left with no maintenance to protect it from further deterioration,” the sources pointed out.

Alvanpalli (Gollathagudi) village is located about 10 km from Jadcherlatown and nearly 30 km from the district headquarters of Mahabubnagar. It is well accessible by road.

http://tsdamblog.com/ancient-jain-temple-alvanpalli/

http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Telangana/2017-04-30/Unique-Jain-temple-in-Telangana-lies-in-ruins/296815

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Mayuri Nursery

Mayuri Nursery, located about 5 kilometers from National Highway 44 at Shankarayapalle, Jadcherla

and about 8 kilometers from the Mahbubnagar district headquarters, is fast gearing up to become one of the most sought after tourists spots in the district with world-class amenities like an amphitheatre, swimming pools and a yoga centre.

Mayuri Central Nursery, located between Mahbubnagar and Jadcherla highway, is an ideal location for developing the eco-tourism project in the district. As the region lies on the slopes of Bontagattu mountain range, the hilly slopes, valleys and flat mountain tops dotted with trees and a large spread of green forest cover all around provide the perfect venue for the tourists to enjoy the beauty of the region.

The entire eco-tourism region includes the entire mountain range and the deep forests spreading over 2,500 hectares from Appanapally to Mammadabad. At present as part of first phase of the project only about 200 hectares are earmarked for the development works. “We are developing the internal roads all along the hilly slopes and barricading the main forest areas with 12 feet high iron fencing so as to avoid any trespassing of wild animals in the park region.

Already we have built 4 kilometres of road. We are also planning special tracks for cycling and walkers which will extend from Jolly hills to TB hospital. In addition to this we are also planning to construct high raised wall all along the road side with green creeper cover on it. The main entrance “Entry Plaza” will be completed in the next two months and we are expecting to complete the first phase by end of this year,” said Mahender.

For developing the eco-tourism park, the officials have already designed a draft plan and accordingly taking up the works in a phased manner. “We have earmarked for developing a medicinal herbal plantation over 2 hectares of area. Our main focus will be on providing basic amenities to the visiting tourists like drinking water, shelters sheds for resting, benches for sitting along the walk paths. We are also constructing toilets and washrooms for the visitors,” added the FRO.

In addition to development of green parks, the Forest Department will also develop different kinds of specialised plantation zones such as Kartika Vanama, Rashi Vanam, Pancha Vati Vanam and Nakshatra Vanam. “We are trying our best to incorporate innovative ideas to make this region a unique spot that links humans and trees. For viewing the scenic beautify of the park we are constructing two pagodas “Valley View Point” and “Hill View Point” with railings all along. In the next few days we will complete the compound wall.

The State government has earmarked 200 hectares of land for the development of various facilities, such as play grounds, gardens, and play facilities for children, a yoga center and a medicinal plantation garden. “Apart from these facilities, we also propose to add an amphitheater (open air theatre), swimming pool, a volleyball court and a basket ball court.

The play facilities have already been installed and works on the entranceway are on the verge of completion. We expect the works to be completed by December” said Mahabubnagar MLA Srinivas Goud while taking stock of the development at Mayuri Nursery.

http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/hans/2016-02-24/mayuri-nursery-set-to-turn-eco-tourism-hub/209416

http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-12-29/Jadcherla-to-turn-tourism-hub-196232

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Recherla Nayaks

1326 AD - 1475 AD : Recherla Nayaks

Founder : Bethala Naidu or Dachanaya also known as Eradachanaya

Capitals: Anumagallu, Rachakonda and Devarakonda

The sasanas describe the founder of the kingdom as Dachanaya also known as Eradachanaya. Velugotivari Vamsavali however, describes the earlier three generations and terms Bethala Naidu also known as Chevi Reddy as the founder of this dynasty.

c. 1230 - 1262 AD : Recherla Bethala Nayak
After their dominance in Telangana areas, the Imperial Kakatiyas had been facing a triple threat from western, southern and eastern geographies. Ganapathi Deva (1199 AD - 1261 AD) was no exception. In 1230 CE, Sundara Pandya of the Pandyan Kingdom occupied the area of Telugu Chodas of Nellore. In 1233 CE, the Aniyanka Bhima of Eastern Ganga kingdom occupied the north coastal areas. Around the same times, the Kayastha chief, Gangaya Sahini, supposed to be subordinate to Ganapathi Deva started ruling independently from Pakanadu to Cuddapah. “To meet the triple challenge, Ganapathi Deva invited the help of the prominent and rising Recherla Betala Nayak. Amangallu was assigned to the new lieutenant which yielded not less than one lakh revenue.”13 Betala Nayak joined Kakatiya administration as a loyal subordinate. 

Recherla Bethala Nayak sons are Dama, Prasaditya and Rudranayakas. All these were in the service of the Kakatiyas under Ganapati Deva 

1262 AD - 1289 AD : Prasaditya Nayaka

After Ganapatideva’s death some Kakatiya senanis and samantas tried to prevent Rudrama Devi from coming to the throne.  Prasaditya nayaka, who helped Rudramadevi to became the ruler of Kakaityas, was given the titles of Kakatiya Sthapanacharya and Rayapita Mahanka. (when Rudramadevi ascended the throne, her relatives on one side and Yadava kings on the other, who could not agree to the notion of a woman becoming the ruler, attacked Orugallu. Prasaditya nayaka defeated them and consolidated her rule.

1279 AD : Sources of inscriptions refer to Nayamkara or the office of Nayaka started as early as 1279 AD. So Prasaditya seems to be the first Recherla to have received the title as well as rights and duties of a Nayaka under the Nayamkara system, during the reign of Rudramadevi.

1289 AD - 1323 AD : Vennama Nayaka son of Prasaditya nayaka was famous as the chief of army of Prataparudra. Later, his son Eradacha nayaka and Naladacha nayaka, son of sabbinayaka (another son of Prasaditya nayaka) also had worked as chiefs of Prataparudra’s armies.

Vennama Nayaka fought against the Delhi Sultanate. The incident happened during the first invasion by the Delhi Sultanate to Telangana in 1303 AD, when Allauddin Khalji sent an army under Malik Fakruddin Ulugh and Malik Jajju of Karra, in this battle kakatiyas lost a large army in this battle.

Vennam Nayaka son Erra Dacha and Sabbi Nayaka son Nalla Dacha both were also loyal to the Kakatiyas.

1289 AD - 1323 AD : Era Dacha or Dachanya Nayaka

Vennamanayakas son is Dachanayaka or Eradachanayaka with whom the Rachakonda kingdom begins.

Dachanayaka had three sons Singama, Vennama and Yechama Nayakas. 

During the Kakatiyas battles with Pandya and Hoyasala dynasties, Eradacha nayaka played a key role. Prataparudra, who was impressed by his valor, gave him two titles of ‘Pancha Pandyadala Vibhala’ and ‘Pandya Gajakesari’, Eradacha nayaka had’three sons- namely Singama nayaka-I, Vennama nayaka and Echama nayaka. (Naladacha nayaka had 2 sons- named- Madhava nayaka and Damaneedu. Of them, Singama nayaka had became famous.

Dachanayaka and his son Singamanayaka were senanis of Prataparudra. When Prataparudra attacked the Pandyas at Kanchi in 1316 AD, Dachanayaka and Singamanayaka have shown great valor and helped the king in winning the battle. Prataparudra gave the title of “Panchpandyadala Vibhala” to Dachanayaka. He probably died in the battle of Orugallu with the Muslims in 1323 AD. 

The Recharla chiefs came to political prominence only in the reign of the Kakatiyas, and they ruled an independent kingdom only after the fall of the Kakatiyas. They ruled from Rachakonda in Nalgonda district. It is one of the historically famous forts from Telengana.

As a mark of appreciation, Prataparudra conferred on Erra Dacha the title “Pandyadalavibhala” and “Pandyaraya Gajakesari”.

Declared independence after the fall of kakatiya kingdom

1323 AD / 1325 AD - 1361 AD : Singama Nayaka I

Capital : Anumagallu

Son of Dachanayaka

1325 AD : After Warangal was captured by Muslim rulers, Musunuri Nayakas revolted against them at around 1325 A.D. During that time, Kapaya nayaka Musunuri dynasty was helped by Singama nayaka. Later Singama nayaka had became independent and extended his kingdom towards the south upto the coast of river Krishna.

He also wanted to extend his kingdom in the North and hence attacked Kapayanaka. As per the Vamsavali he defeated Kapayanaka. This, however did not appear to have yielded him much benefit because as per the Pillalamarri sasanam of Kapayanaka in 1357 AD, Kapayas kingdom stretched right upto Pillalmarri. 

During the battle of Musunuri Nayakas and Chalukya princes, Chalukyas imprisoned Singama Nayaka’s brother in law Chintapalli Singama Nayaka.

Singam Nayaka I carried out a vigorous attack on the fort of Jallipalli to free Chintapalli Singama Nayaka. Chalukyas were unable to hold the fort from attacks, they betrayed Singama Nayaka I and assassinated by by the ruling Somavamsa kshatriyas (Tambalajiyya) by treachery.

Singamanayaka had two sons Anapotanayaka and Madanayaka. When they heard about the death of their father, Anavotha nayaka along with Madana nayaka attacked the Jallipalli fort in 1361 AD, killed Soma dynasty rulers and took the title of ‘Somakula parasurama’. 

At that time their capital appears to have been Anumagallu. Anapotanayaka shifted the capital from Anumagallu to Rachakonda and built a strong fort there.

Descendants of Anavotha nayaka ruled from Rachakonda and descendants of Mada nayaka ruled from Devarakonda.

Rachakonda Kingdom
1361 AD - 1383 AD : Anavotha nayaka

Capital : Rachakonda

While occupying the Srisailam area they had a conflict with the Kondaveeti Reddy chiefs. At that time Srisailam was under the Reddimannis. As per the Vamsavali Madanayaka and his uncles son Naganayaka defeated Anapota Reddy near Dharanikota. Although victorious Dharanikota did not fall into Anapotanayakas hands. This is the first conflict between the Velama chiefs and the Reddy chiefs. From this time onwards uptill the end of the Kondaveedu Reddy kingdom, this rivalry did not abate. 

After avenging their father, Anapota I and Mada I attacked Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka for the control of Warangal fort, they defeated and killed him at Bhimavaram battle in 1368 AD.

Ainavolu sasanam of Anapotanayaka describes him in possession of Tribhuvanagiri(Bhongir), Orugallu and Singavaram forts and took the title of “Tribhuvana Rayarao’. With this victory his kingdom stretched upto Godavari in the North, Srisailam in the South, Bahamani kingdom in the West, and Kondaveedu in the East. 

Looking to the excellent relations these kings had with the Bahamani Empire, it is possible that the Bahamanis have helped them in their war against Kapayanayaka. 

Anupota Nayak-I and Madanayak ruling from Rachakonda and Devarakonda had become tributaries to Bahmanis.

He divided his kingdom into Northern and Southern regions for ease of administration; made Rachakonda the capital of North and ruled it himself; made Devarakonda as the capital of South and appointed his younger brother Mada nayaka as its ruler.

Anapotanayaka attacked the Kalinga kingdom in 1380 AD. This is known by his Simhachalam sasanam. 

The Ainavolu inscriptions refers to the donation of a village by Anavotha I to God Milara Deva.

1383 AD - 1399 AD : Singama nayaka-II / Singabhupala-II
After Anapotanayaka his son Singamanedu II ascended the throne of Rachakonda.  Singam Nayaka II was also known as “Sarvajna Singa Bhupala” and he was a great writer and poet.

Before coming to the throne he captured the fort of Kalyani in Gulbarga district. It appears that he went to Karnataka to help the Bahamani kings and took this fort during the campaign.

1384 AD : In the early days of Sighabhupala’s reign, the Vijayanagara kings took Srisailam and marched against Kothakonda in Rachakonda. The Vijayanagara sasanam in Tumkur district dated 1384 AD states that the king of Vijayanagara Harihara Devaraya II, sent his son Vira Bukkaraya against Orugallu. The Bahamani sultan then laid siege to Kottakonda in Mahabubnagar district (possibly taken earlier by the Vijayanagara forces) and one of the Vijayanagara commanders Saluva Ramadevaraya died in the battle. As per the sasana the sultan has done this to protect his samantas who owed allegiance to him. It appears from the sasana that the Vijayanagara forces were defeated. 

The defeat at Kotta Konda appears to have been decisive, for, Harihara II did not renew for several years subsequently to the failure of the expedition.

The reason for this aggression by Vijayanagara is unknown but Ziauddin Barani mentions that Kapayanaka and Harihararaya (the founder of the Vijayanagara kingdom) are related. Although this may not be certain they may have been closely associated with each other and Kapayanayakas defeat, coupled with the leanings the Rachakonda kings had shown towards the Bahamani kings precipitated the attack.

In 1387 AD, Kumara Singha Bhupala has attacked the Gowtami banks area via Southern Kalinga which was in his possession. As per his Simhachala sasanam he scored a number of victories in the area which was lying in the Kondaveedu kingdom at that time. With this campaign the authority of the Reddys was extinguished in the southern Kalinga.

1397 AD : The Vijayanagara king Hariharadevaraya did not forget his defeat at the hands of the Rachakonda kingdom and the Bahamanis. In 1397 he declared a war against the Bahamani kingdom and as per his Vijayanagara sasana, one of the Vijayanagara senanis, Gunda Dandadhinadha inflicted a defeat on Siaf Khan and Fateh Khan.

To reduce the pressure on the Bahamani forces Singhabhupala sent Ramachandranayaka, the son of Vedagirinayaka to attack the area of the Vijayanagara kingdom on the banks of river Krishna. Ramachandranayaka crossed the Krishna river, entered Kurnool and started plundering it whereupon he was attacked by the Vijayanagara armies near Bandikanuma. Ramachndranayaka emerged victorious in this battle.

Now Harihara II sent his son Bukkaraya to attack Ramachndranayaka. Bukka then defeated Ramachandranayaka and drove him out of the Vijayanagara kingdom. He then entered the Rachakonda kingdom and plundered it. It appears that the victories enumerated in the Vamsavali attributed to Anapotanayaka son of Singhabhupala and Ramachandranayaka and Madanayaka the sons of Pedavedagirinayaka seem to have taken place during this campaign. Although both sides claimed victory in this campaign, it appears that Vijayanagara kingdom had been victorious in this battle.

Bukkaraya took his armies crossed the Krishna and attacked the Panugallu fort in Devarakonda kingdom. The Bahamani armies immediately came to the rescue of Panugallu. In this campaign, Pedavadagirinayaka’s son Kumaramadanayaka has defeated Era Krishnaraya and Pandadadhisa as per the Vamsavali. In this Era Krishnaraya besieged Devarakonda. Although he was defeated, Bukkaraya scored a victory and secured the Panugallu fort in 1397 AD. In this campaign the son of Bukkaraya Anantabhupala had shown great valor. A few days after the Panuganti war Kumara Singhabhupala died. 

1399 AD -1421 AD : Anavotha nayaka-II 

After Singhabhupala II his son Immadi Anapotanayaka came to the throne in 1399 AD. He is also known as Kumara Anapotanayaka and Pinnamanayaka. He is a contemporary of the Bahamani sultan Firoz Shah. The burden of saving his kingdom from Bukkaraya fell on him. As per Velugotivari Vamsavali he saved 10,000 people from Metuku (Medak) Fort. It is possible that Bukkaraya went up to Medak fort victorious and laid seize to it and Anapotanayaka relieved and saved the garrison during this campaign.

It appears that on the side of Bahamani sultan Anapotanayaka scored a number of victories against the Kondaveedu and Rajahmundry reddy kings and also Vijayanagara kings. It is probable that the Raya supposed to have been stopped by him is Devaraya I.

Contemporary to Anapotanayaka Devarakonda was ruled by Kumara Madanayaka and Ramachandranayaka, the sons of Pedavedagirinayaka. Annadevachoda took refuge in Devarakonda during Pedavedagirinayaka’s reign. Kumara Madanayaka gave him an army and sent him via Kalinga to regain his kingdom. However, this army was defeated by Chalukya Vishveshwara Bhupati a tributory king of the Gangas in 1402 AD. After this Kumara Madanayaka proceeded with an army to help Annadevachoda. It is possible that the victory attributed to him over the Rajahmundry Reddy kings took place during this campaign.

Anapotanayaka mounted a successful campaign in 1417 AD against Panugallu. During the campaign the Bahamani sultan Tajuddin Ferozshah laid siege to Panugallu. At that time Panugallu was under the Vijayanagara kings. The Velamanayakas also went along with their armies to help Ferozshah, but during the campaign their relations soured. Seeing the opportunity Devaraya I negotiated with the Velamanayakas and turned them into his favor. During a fierce battle at Panagallu fort the Velamanayakas like Anapotanayaka came over to the side of Devaraya along with their armies. Due to this Ferozshah ‘s assumed victory turned into defeat and he could barely escape and reach his capital Gulbarga. Anapotanayaka died during this battle in 1421 AD.

1421 AD - 1425 AD : Madanayaka
After Anapotanayaka, his brother Madanayaka came to the throne in 1421 AD.,probably because Anapotanayaka’s eldest son Singamanayaka was too young to assume charge.
After the battle of Panagallu, the recherla's maintained enmity with the Bahmani Sultans and helped the Vijayanagara rulers in every way they could. During the battle between Ahmed Shah (Bahmani sultan) and Devaraya-II in 1424, Madanayaka helped the latter. 

1425 AD : Because of this, though Ahmed Shah made peace with Devaraya after the battle was over, he sent his deputy, Azam Khan to capture Warangal (kingdom of Mada nayaka). In this battle, Azam Khan captured not only Warangal, but also many forts in Rachakonda and Devarakonda kingdoms.

1425 AD - 1436 AD : Singama Nayaka III or Sarvaga Rao

After Madanayaka his brother Anapotanayaka’s son Mummadi Singamanayaka came to the throne. 

When Ahmad Shah was immersed in a war with the Sultan of Gujarat, the Rachakonda kings recovered all their lost forts.

Rachakonda and Devarakonda kingdoms fell into decline by 1455 AD.

1430 AD : The Bahmani ruler Ahmad Shah shifted the capital from Gulbarga to Bidar in 1430. They occupied the forts of Medak, Warangal and Bhuvangiri during 1433-1436 CE.

Ahmad Shah II or ALA-UD-DIN AHMAD II (Apr 17, 1436 - May 6, 1458)

1436 AD - 1460 AD : Prince Dawood son of Ahmad I

Prince Dawood son of Bahmani Sultan Ahmad - 1 was given charge of Rachakonda.

Only Devarakonda remained in the Recherla Nayaks hands.   

1460 AD - 1464 AD : Dharma Nayaka son of Singama Nayaka III
1462 A.D: Shayampet inscription - Dharmanayudu / Dharmanayaka, brother of Singama nayaka-III was appointed as the ruler of Warangal. However, now Recherla Nayaks became the tributaries of the Gajapatis of Orissa.

1461 A.D : The Bahamani Sultan then assigned the work to Mohammed Gawan, his minister. This was beyond Mohammed Gawan and the Muslim forces suffered one defeat after another in the hands of Hamviradeva son of Gajapathi Kapileswara and the Padmanayakas. One fort after another fell to them. They took Rachakonda, Bhuvanagiri and finally Orugallu around 1461 AD. 

1462 A.D: Shayampet inscription - Dharmanayudu / Dharmanayaka, brother of Singama nayaka-III was appointed as the ruler of Warangal. However, now Recherla Nayaks lost their independence and became the tributaries of the Gajapatis of Orissa.

Devarakonda Kingdom

1361 - 1384 AD : Mada Nayaka I 

The Kandikonda inscription reveals that Mada Naidu brother of Anavotha I had son named Venna. This prince ruled by his fathers orders at Skandadri (probably Khammam). This Venna is not mentioned in Veligotivari Vamsavali.

The Velugotivari Vamsavali mentions Madha Nayaka and Anapota Nayaka defeated Anavema Reddy of Kondavidu at Dharanikota.

The Rasarnava Sudhakaram mentioned, Mada I had constructed a flight of steps to the sacred mountain of Sriparvatam

According to the inscription of Mada I at Umamaheswaram, Mada I’s rule extended over the land lying between Srisailam and the Vindhya mountains.

1378 AD : Kandikonda, Mahabubabad Taluk, Warangal District.
This inscription is on the top of a hillrock. Records the construction of a temple to God Skandadrinatha (Siva) and his consort Uma on the top of the hill Skandadri by Veena, son of Mada (Madhava). The inscription gives a brief description of the donors. It is mentioned that in the Rechadiyanvaya, born from the river Ganga flowing from the feet of Vishnu, was born Erra, and after him, Singa. He had two sons-Ananta (Anapota) and Madhava. To king Madhava Nayadu was born a son, whom Tata the preceptor (Desika) named Venna in view of the fact that he was soft as butter to his followers.

When the Recherla Nayaks were engaged in coastal Andhra with the Reddy’s of Rajamahendravaram. Bukka II of Vijayanagara attacked the fort of Panugal in Mahbubnagar district and occupied Warangal fort, a strategic fort of the Recherla Nayaks, in 1397 AD

1384 AD - 1419 AD : Vedagiri I 

8th March, 1399 AD: Murupunuthula.
Language : Telugu.
This inscription is on a stone pillar lying near the Muthyalamma temple. The inscription is very damaged. After invoking the god Varaha, it introduces the chiefs of the Recherla family, Era Dacha, Singa and his son Madhava and the latter's son Vedagiri. This last named chief is said to be ruling the country lying between Srisaila and Vindhya mountains. He is stated to have made the grant of the agrahara named Morupnuntula to the god Mallari. Certain Manchena bhattu, otherwise known by his title [Nissamkula] Bharati son of Narayana Somayajulu of Brahmanapalli wrote this inscription. The chief Vedagiri is obviously Peda Vedagiri or Vidagiri I of the Devarakonda branch of the family.

Singama Nayaka II and his cousin Vedagiri I decided to conquer the northern districts of the Reddy kingdom by taking advantage of the disturbance for the throne between Peda Komativema Reddy and Kumaragiri Reddy.

Singama Nayaka II and Vedagiri I also came into conflict with the Gajapatis of Orissa, these details are mentioned in inscriptions at Srikurmam in Srikakulam district and at Simhachalam.

Vedagiri I , the ruler of Devarakonda gave asylum to the Eruva chief Annadeva Choda who arrived at his capital in search of help .

In the battle of 1419 AD, Macha Reddy, brother of Pedakomati Vema Reddy was killed. Immediately after this,  Pedakomati Vema Reddy attacked Devarakonda and killed Vedagiri.

1419 AD - 1425 AD : Rao Madanedu and Mada Nayaka II

In 1420 AD, the Recherla Nayaks killed Pedakomati Vema Reddy and hanged him at the entrance of the Devarakonda fort.

1425 AD - 1427 AD : Vedagiri II

1427 – 1475 AD : Lingama Nayaka

In Devarakonda, the contemporary of Mummadi Singhabhupala was the son of Kumara Madanayaka, known as Lingamanayaka. Lingamanedu was very valiant in battle and at the age of 12 years itself, he led the forces and fought a battle. The Vamsavali attributes a lot of victories to him, but many of them could not be confirmed. However, it is certain that Lingamanedu’s attack on the Rajamahendravaram Reddy kingdom weakened and destroyed it. The Padmanayakas of Rachakonda and Devarakonda supported the Bahamani Sultan’s for sometime, the Vijayanagara kings for sometime and the Gajapati’s of Orissa for sometime and fought with their respective enemies.

During the times of 1433 – 1438 AD, Bahamanis of Bidar occupied the forts of Medak, Warangal, and Bhuvanagiri

After 1433 AD., the Rachakonda and Devarakonda kingdoms disappeared and only some forts remained in the Padmanayaka’s control. They then sought the help of the Gajapati’s of Orissa for regaining their kingdom. Kapileswara Gajapati of Orissa attacked the Telengana areas of the Bahamani kingdom, but was defeated by the Bahamani Sultan, Allauddin. In 1435 AD, the Rachakonda area was given by the Sultan to his brother Mohammed Khan. The Padmanayakas then supported Sikander Khan in his rebellion against the Bahamani Sultan Humayun Shah.

Humayun Shah marched against Sikander Khan and killed him in battle. To punish the Padmanayakas who supported Sikander khan, he sent Kwaza Jahan and Nizam Ul Mulk. They raised an army of 20,000 cavalry, 40 elephants and innumerable foot soldiers and laid seize to Devarakonda fort, which was under the Padmanayakas.

The Padmanayakas then sent a message to Kapileswara Gajapati of Orissa appealing for his help and also promising him a large amount of money. The Gajapati then sent his son Hamviradeva (known to Muslims as Ambar Roy) along with a huge force to help the Padmanayakas and also to release Telengana from the control of the Bahamani Sultan. When Hamviradeva’s forces attacked the Bahamani forces from the rear, Singamanayaka and Lingamanayaka came out from the fort and attacked the Bahamani forces from the front. The Bahamani forces were caught in between and suffered a humiliating defeat. Kwaja Jahan and Nizam Ul Mulk somehow escaped from the battlefield. When Humayun Shah came to know of the defeat, he becme enraged and killed Nizam Ul Mulk and imprisoned Kwaja Jahan. 

After the death of the Bahamani Sultan Humayun Shah, Nizam Shah became the Bahamani Sultan. He again tried to recover the Telengana areas from the Padmanayakas, but again Kapileswara Gajapti sent his armies which inflicted a defeat on the Bahamani forces and came near the capital Bidar. Then one Amirzada Muhibullah scored a tactical victory over the Gajapati forces, as a result of which Bidar could be saved. This is however, not a complete victory and the Orugallu kingdom remained under the Padmanayakas.

As long as Kapileswara Gajapati was alive, the Bahamanis could not conquer the Orugallu kingdom and it remained with the Padmanayakas. He died around 1470 AD. 

Bahamani Sultan Muhammad Shah II defeated Lingama Nayaka and occupied Rachakonda and Devarakonda. The Bahamani Sultan, then sent Malik Nizam Ul Mulk Bahri to conquer Telengana. This man not only took the forts in Telengana, but also Kondaveedu and Rajamahendravaram forts and occupied all of Telengana. The Orugallu kingdom was given by the Sultan to Azim Khan. This happened around 1475 AD. The Recherla kingdom is thus over and the Padmanayakas joined the court of Hampi Viajayanagar. 

https://www.mcrhrdi.gov.in/images/land/TEL%20-Vol%202%20-%20pg%201-404%20-%20%2005.01.2023%20-%20for%20MCRHRDI%20website.pdf

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Pillalamarri

Pillalamarri is located about four km from the city and 90 Km away from Hyderabad City.

There is a tomb of a Muslim saint under the tree. The tree presents the appearance of a small hillock with green foliage from a distance but on reaching closer, it looks like a large green umbrella under which about thousand people can easily take shelter.It is 700 year old banyan tree and its branches extend over an area of 3 acres. In Telugu, "Pillalu" means children & "marri" means a banyan tree. 


The banyan tree is so widely spread that one could not see the main trunk of the tree. The Pillalamarri gives an appearance of a small hillock with green foliage from a distance, but as we reach closer it is viewed as a large green umbrella and assumed to be as a shelter for more than about thousand people.

There is also an aquarium, a small zoo and an archaeological museum here. There is a boating facility in the premises of Pillalamarri available only during the rainy season.

Pillalamarri District Archaelogical Musuem consists of numerous historical idols & articles of ancient people, which represents their culture & civilization. Unfortunately beacause of invasions of various rulers many of those are destroyed. But still there is a lot to see.

http://mahabubnagar.nic.in/Tourism.php

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Mahabubnagar District History

Mahabubnagar, formerly known as Rukmammapeta and Palamooru is a city in Mahabubnagar District of the Indian state of Telangana named after the 6th Nizam, Mahboob Ali Khan.

Palamoor district belongs to "Asmaka" Janapada, which belongs to 6th century BC. According to Mahabharatha "Ashmaka" Janapada belongs to "Dakshinapatham" (Southern Part). Its capital was "POUDANYANAGARA" and later it is known as "Mulikinadu". According to Mahabharata Agastya Maharshi passed to Dakshinapatha and established a shiva temple known as "Agastheeswara Temple" on the banks of river Krishna (near to Kollapur).

304 BC - 232 BC : Great Emperor Ashoka

This region was southernmost land in the Asoka's Empire in 250 BC. We find many inscriptions of Asoka near by Palamoor ,"Maski" of Raichur district of Karnataka, Erragudi of Kurnool District.

221 BC - 218 AD : Satavahana Dynasty

Sathavahanas are the first Telugu rulers who ruled the south India for more than 400 years. Origin of this dynasty was from Kotilingala of Karimnagar District. According to the Prof. M. Radha Krishna Sharma garu the Prominent Historian, the village "SATANAKOTA" near Alampur was the base of the name of Shathavahana. Coins and inscriptions are found here but now it was submerged in the backwater of Srisailam Reservoir.

358 AD - 500 AD : Vishnukundin Dynasty

The founder of the Vishnukundin Dynasty Raja Maha Rajendra Varma belongs to Amrabad of Palamoor District. According to the Inscriptions of Indrapalanagara, Amrabad was the capital of the Mandalika Rajya. Later, Mahadeva Verma-I conquered the Kollapur area and spread the Vishnukundin Kingdom. According to B.N. Sastry Epigraphist the Vishnukundin belongs to Palamoor Distrtict. The king Maha Verma-IV conducted the rituals like "Hiranyagarbha Prasuta Yaga" had defeated Chandraguptha of Soma Dynasty at Srisailam Forest Area and married his daughter Chandradevi and captured Chandraguptha Fort at this Forest (Nallamala).

500 AD to 755 AD : Badami Chalukyan

Badami Chalukyas having special place in the history of Palamoor. Keerthi Verma-I (the father of Pulakesi-II who defeated Harshavardhana on the banks of Narmada River) has merged Palamoor area in his ruling period. Especially, Alampur was the centre for this rulers in this area. We can see many inscriptions of Badami Chalukyan Kings. Navabrahmeswara Temples of Alampur have been constructed by Pulakesi-II of Badami Chalukyans. These temples are the first temples in Nagara style of Temple Architecture. This architectural style has been spread to Badami, Pattadakal group of temples, Aihole to Bubaneswar area and then to North India. Pulakesi-II ruled for 32 years and titled as Parameswara and he conquered total South India including Pallavas of Kanchipura. Kubhjavishnuvardhana who is the brother of Pulakesi helped in the wars. So, Pulakesi has given the Southern Part of Kingdom up to Krishna River as autonomous Kingdom to his brother Kubhjavishnuvardhana. We, also got copper plate inscriptions of Vikramaditya Satyasraya, son of Pulakesi-II at Andelapadu near to Alampur. Especially, Alampur Navabrahmeswara Temples are the land mark of Badami Chalukya Kings and Alampur was the birth place of Nagara style of temple Architecture.

753 AD – 982 AD : Rashtrakutas Dynasty

During the period of Rashtrakutas, Palamoor District played a vital role in many wars. Various kings of Rashtrakuta Dynasty took training in this area during their training period. "Dantidurga" who was the founder of independent Rashtrakuta Kingdom started his wars to spread the kingdom and defeated Keerthiverma-II of Badami Chalukya and conquered Badami Chalukyan Kingdom. Then the great king Dhruva-I conquered Vengi Chalukyas, Pallavas, Malava and Gowda Deshas and touched the Ganga River. He constructed the "Western Gate" to Brahmeswara Temple at Alampur at his first anniversary of his coronation in the year 780-81 A.D. as per the inscription of Alampur. During the festival of Maharnavami he arranged meals for thousand members at Alampur and given many donations. The other inscriptions of Rashtrakuta Kings at Alampur are Srimara Alampur inscription for donations to Utthareswara, Balaverma as per the available inscriptions. Govinda-III one of the great king has laid the inscription in Chowdeswari Temple near to Gangapur of Jadcherla Mandal along with his friend Beeragriha of Vemulavada Chalukyas. Amogha Varsha, Krishna-II and other kings ruled this area during the Rashtrakuta period.

939 AD - 967 AD : Krishna III
Minambaram : This inscription refers to the reign of Kannara who might be Rashtrakuta Krishna III (A.D. 939-67). It mentions the ascetic Agastya Guravar of the Kalamukha school, a rigorous observer of vows.

982 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyan Empire (Kalyani)

Kalyani Chalukyas are one of the great kings who ruled the district for about 200 years. Near 63 inscriptions have been found. Great temples of this district are the Agastheswara Temple, Kudali Sanghameswara Temple (presently this temple is located at Alampur), Alampuram, Gangapuram, Ujjili, Puduru, Bekkem, Allwanpally, Avancha, Pedda Kadumur, Budapur, Nekkonda, Rachur, Vankasamudram etc. temples are constructed in this period. Kandur Chodas are the feudatory of Kalyani Chalukyas. The great kings are Tailappa-II (965-997), Satyasraya (997-1008), Vikramaditya (1008-14), Jagadeka Malla (1015-43), Someswara-I (1043-68), Bhavaneka Malla or Someswara-II (1068-76), Thribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya (1076-1126), Someswara-III (1126-38), Jagadekamalla-II (1138-49) and Tailappa-III (1149-62). War sites of these kings in this district are 1. Pudur-near to Gadwal defeated Cholas. 2. Kudali Sangameswara Cholas- Lost War. These kings contributed a lot for Alampur temple. Telugu Chodas, Yadavas, Kakatiyas are the feudatories for these kings.

1040 AD - 1158 AD : Kanduri Chodas

Kanduri Chodas are originally belongs to Mahaboob Nagar. Origin for this dynasty is Telugu Choda. These kings ruled independently northern and southern parts of Krishna and Tungabhadra Rivers. Vardhamana Puram, Kandur, Kodur, Rachur and Gangapuram are the famous towns and as well as Capitals for these kings. Vangur and Sarikonda are the main centres. Vaidumbas are the feudatories of these kings which was ruled AIZA mandalam with 300 villages. Vardhamana Puram was the capital of Udhyana Choda. Kandur was the ancient city of this district. It was the capital for this kingdom for some days. These kings are described that they were belongs to Karikalachola family. Panagallu, Kandur, Ghanapuram, Gangapuram, Vardhamanapuram, Amrabad, Rachur, Kodur, Maghatala (Makthal), Vangur, Munnanur are having the forts in various places of this district and protected the kingdom. Kakati Rudradeva defeated the Bhimadeva who was the son of Udhyana Choda king of Vardhamanapuram and married his sister Padmavathi. Kings donated land for the temples and laid inscriptions, Lingala village is donated to Somasila temple. They developed this area as a powerful kingdom and ruled for 250 years.

1107 AD - 1136 AD : Kumara Tailapa (Tailapa III)

Mahamandalesvara Kumara Tailapadeva, the king's son by Chandaladevi, and states that he was ruling the territory from his capital Kolur in the company of his queen Lakahmadevi and sons Permadideva and Bikkideva.

29th October, A.D. 1110 : Alavanpalli, Mahaboobnagar District.
This inscription is dated C.V.E. (35) Vikrti, Kartika Purnima Sunday. (A.D. 1110, October. 29, Saturday ?). States that Mahamandalesvara Yuvaraja Tailapa Deva was ruling over Kanduru-1000 and that at the request of maneverggade and another Karanams the prince Tailapadeva granted to the mahajanas of the Panchamathas, and Pattusalis of the nakara of Navapura in Koduru certain privileges regarding property rights.

28th July A.D. 1113 : Avancha
This inscription describes the exploits of the king's son mahamandalesvara Kumara Tailapadeva and mentions certain regulations against social evils formulated by him, pertaining to the capital town of Avancha at the request of the principal residents of the place, among them one Pattasalis (weavers) angadi settis of Trailokyamalla (Merchants) Jagadekamalla Palisetti raya bangara Modisetti and Aayyana setti of Vira Nolamba.

1119 AD : Pillalamarri.
This inscription is in the Govt. Museum. Incomplete. It only mentions the prasasti, and mahamandalesvara Kumara Tailapa, his maha pradhana and dandanayaka Jannamaraja and Gudavargade Bachimayya.

14th August A.D. 1121 : Nekkonda, Mahaboobnagar District.
This inscription dated C.V.E. 46, Plava, Sravana, Amavasya Sunday. (A.D. 1121, Aug. 14). It begins with the prasasti of Kumara Tailapadeva, the king's son by Chandaladevi and states that he was ruling from Kolur with his queen Lakshmi Devi and sons Permadi and Bikkideva. It registers the gift of the village Bhudupura (in Kanduru-70, in Nurumbada of Kanduru-1000) for worship at and repairs to the temple of the god Ramesvara of Nekkondi and for feeding the ascetics.

21st January A.D. 1125 : Jadcherla
This inscription is in the compound of the panchayat office. It is a Jaina epigraph. In the beginning it extrols the greatness of the Western Chalukyan king Bhulokamalla Somesvara III and his son Tailapa III, yuvaraja who was ruling over Kanduru nadu. Next it refers to a Jaina inscription installed by Meghachandrabhattaraka who belonged to the Kanurgana gachha of Mulasangha. The second part refers to the construction of a chaitya stupa of Parsvanadha at Gangapura by Bammisetti chief of Manakeriya, the As'esha setti galu of different samayas ubhaya nanadesis and the swamis of Ayyavolu 500. Some gifts were granted to this temple for the daily anga and ranga bhogas and for the repairs and renovation.

1125-1126 AD : Jadcherla and Badepalli, Mahabubnagar District

The record then states that Tailapadeva, the younger brother of the king Bhulokamalla, was ruling over Kandur-nadu.

A few names bearing geographical significance are met with in this inscription and happily all of them can be identified with their modern survivals. The rajadhani Kalyanapura (line 5) is modern Kalyāna in the Gulbarga district and Gongapura (line 22) is identical with modern Gangapur, 3 kms. away from Jadcherla, Mahabubnagar district. Kandūra-Nadu is identical with Kandur-one thousand region which, according to several inscriptions of the Chalukya period, seems to have extended upto Pānugallu in Nalgonda district.

8th June A.D. 1134 : Gangapuram
This inscription is on the tank bund near Chowdamma shrine outside the village. Registers gift of share of the income derived from Vaddaravula and Hejjunka taxes for burning the perpetual lamp and incense to the God Katteya Somanadha in the presence of Jayananda Bhatta and Bavvarasa, the toll officer of Kanduru nadu and members of mercantile community and other officials like Kommarasa, Sundaranayaka, Pochisetti, Permadisetti by Tailapa III's dandanayaka in the presence of jayananda bhatta.

22nd July, 1156 AD : Gangapuram.
Records the gift (name lost) by son of Jagadekamalla to be maintained by Dakha setti. It also registers some gifts by some settis of Gangapuram.

Kalachuris of Kalyani
1178 AD - 1183 AD : Ahavamalla

18th July, 1181 AD : Appanapalli , Mahabubnagar
This inscription is on the northern wall of Siva temple. Records that the elders of Aiyyavolu 500, 36 Beedu of Mummari and the Ubhaya nananadesis of Kannada Navaka 1000 assembled and built the gateway (torana) at Kadamburu.
Note: This Ahuvamalla was the fifth son of Bijjela. His earliest record is dated A.D. 1181. If this was his third year, he must have proclaimed himself as king in A.D. 1178-79.

1158 AD to 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty
Prola-II and Rudradeva conquered this area by defeating Kanduri Chodas. Rudradeva Constructed the Rudradeva Fort at Munnanur in the area of 30 miles. Ganapathi Deva, one of the great kings ruled over all Telangana and Andhra Pradesh. During his period Ghanapuram Fort was constructed. Buddheswara Sahasralingam, Lakshmi Narasimha and Narayana temples were constructed. On the name of his parents, he donated the land of Peddapuram village. During the period of Rudramadevi, Malyalagundana constructed "Ganapasamudram" tank near Buddhapuram (Bhoothpur). Gona Ganna Reddy played a vital role during the rule of King Pratapa Rudra. He belongs to Vardamanapuram. He conquered Raichur and constructed a fort. His father is Gona Budda Reddy who contributed Ranganatha Ramayanam as Dwipada kavyam in Telugu Language.

Malyala Dynasty

1217 AD - 1276 AD: Malyala Gunda

18th August, A.D. 1259. : Bothpur
The very beautiful celestial creeper of Kuppambika, born in the great milky ocean of the Gona dynasty, an eternal ornament to the forest of Malayala dynasty, (and one who was) honoured by the learned men (the gods), bears fruit along with him.

10th August, A.D. 1271 : Bothpur, Mahaboobnagar District. 

This inscription is on a stone pillar in the Masjid. Dated S. 1194. Amgirasa, Sravana su. 15, Wednesday, Lunar eclipse (A.D. 1217, a. 10). Records the construction of a tank after the name of his master Ganapatideva by Malayala Gunda and the gift of some Vrttis behind it to Brahmans who performed religious ceremonies. Among the donees several learned brahmins including a certain Tarani ganti Isvarabhattopadhayaulu are mentioned. He is probably identical with the poet Isvarasuri son of Mayuraraya the composer of the inscription who is said to have been proficient in Paninian grammar and Vichitra-kavita. The inscription was composed by Isvara Suri, son of Mayuraraya.

1276 AD : Budapuram, Vardamana Puram are the centres for Malyala Kings who were the Feudatories of Kakatiyas. These kings helped to Kakatiyas in many wars during the period of Ganapathi Deva, Rudramadevi and Prataparudra. Malyala Kappambhika, wife of Gunda Dandadeswara constructed a temple at Budapuram (Bhoothpur) in 1276 A.D.

1276 AD - 1278 AD : Kuppamambika wife of Gundaya

16th January A.D. 1277 : Bhutpur, Mahabubnagar
On a slab in the antarala of Ramalingeswara temple. States that while Kakatiya Rudradeva Maharaju was ruling Malyala Kuppambika, wife of Gundaya, built a temple in Budupur, when her husband expired and installed a linga in it and she along with her sons. Bachaya Ganapatideva, Parvatamu Mallya and brothers Mallaya, Buddaya, Vitṭalaya, Kataya son of Gundaya, granted to lord Gundesvara deva, wetland (vritti) as service tenure behind Bassamudram. The details of the granted land are 2 mas in Basamudram 2 mas in Kuppa samudram, 1 ma in Ganapa samudram, and I ma in Budhini Kunta, thus making a total of 5 mas. Also 12 mas of velivolamu in Budupuru, and 9 mas in Potulamadugu, thus a total of 21 mas. The grant was entrusted to Siddhajiyya son of Bilajiyya and Vaijiyya son of Bachajiyya, to enjoy it for generations. The latter part contains the Sanskrit text of the inscription composed by Isvara Bhattopadhyaya, who was an expert in Yajurveda, and an adept in composing poetry.

Cherukureddy Kings

Amrabad area is ruled by Cherukureddy kings. Inscriptions of these kings at old Shiva temple at Amrabad in 1258 A.D. describes about these kings. The king ruled under the capital of Amrabad and also some part in Nalgonda district.

Gona Kings

Gona Kings are the feudatories of Kakatiyas and ruled the Vardhamanapuram. Gona Budhareddy and Gona Gannareddy are the great kings who helped to Kakatiya Kings. The main centres of this Kingdom are Vardhamanpuram (Vaddemin of Bijinapally Mandal) and Budapuram (Bhoothpur).

Vavilala

The Eastern part presently located at Madgul Mandal. The name of area is "IRVIN" ruled by Vavilala Kings, these kings ruled Amanagallu, Charikonda, Irvin and Vangur areas. Rudraya Reddy was the great king of this dynasty. These kings are the feudatories of Kakatiyas.

Yadavas:

During the period of Kakati Mahadeva who defeated by Yadava Kings, this area was under the rule of Yadava of Devagiri. "Sthanumantri" the Dandanayaka of Yadava King Ramachandradeva laid the inscription at Shiva Temple of Magatala (Makthal) about the rule of Yadavas in this area.

1325 AD – 1365 AD : Musunuri Nayaks
After the defeat of Prataparudra by the Muslims, the Kingdom of Kakatiya was ruled by Musunuri Kings who was the feudatories of Kakatiyas. During this period, Palamoor, Shaadnagar areas were under the rule of these kings. Prolaya Nayaka and Kapaya Nayaka are the great kings. Post Kakatiya period these kings had tried to protect Hindu culture and kingdoms from Muslim invasions.

1303 AD – 1470 AD : Recharla Nayaks
Feudatories of kakatiyas. Kalwakurty and Raghupathipet areas are under these kings. These kings belongs Rachakonda and Devarakonda of Nalgonda Districts. During this period, Palamoor District area was changed as War Field between these kings and Vijayanagara, Reddy, Bahamani Kings

1350 AD – 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate / Kingdom (1347 AD - 1527 AD)
Founder : Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu or Allauddin Hassan or Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah

Jul 30, 1463 - Mar 26, 1482 A.D : Muhammad Shah-lll
1470-71 : Kondurg, Mahbubnagar.

An inscription from Kundrug set up during the reign of Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad Shah, son of Humayun Shah, states that the mosque (on which it appears) was built in A.H. 875 (A.D. 1470-71) at the instance of Khan-i-A'zam Farhat Khan, and through the efforts of Maliku'sh Sharq Ma'ruf Khani.

Maliku'sh Sharq Ma'ruf Khani.

Bahamani Sultan Kingdom has spread the wars to this area during their period to face the Vijayanagar Kings and others. The main centres of these kings are Gulbharga, Raichur and other forts, which are surroundings of this district. So many wars took place in this area. Sultan has been occurred at Krishna and Bhima river confluence led by Ramaraya of Vijaya Nagar.

1470-71 : An inscription from Kundrug set up during the reign of Shamsu'd-Din Muhammad
Shah, son of Humayun Shah, states that the mosque (on which it appears) was built in A.H. 875 (A.D. 1470-71) at the instance of Khan-i-A'zam Farhat Khan, and through the efforts of

Maliku'sh Sharq Ma'ruf Khani.
1397 AD – 1529 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty)
Vijayanagara Kings (1336-1565)
Sri Krishna Devaraya (ruled 1509-29)

In 1397 AD Alampur and Panagallu were conquered by Vijayanagar Kings. Many wars between Vijayanagar Kings and Sultans were held in this district. Koilkonda, Panagal, Raichur are the strategical forts of this period. 

1350 AD - 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate / Kingdom (1347 AD - 1527 AD)

Founder : Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu or Allauddin Hassan or Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
Capitals : Kalaburgi /Aḥsanabad now Gulbarga (1347–1425), Muhammadabad now Bidar (1425–1527)
Religion: Sunni Islam
Languages : Persian, Marathi, Deccani Urdu, Telugu, Kannada

Mar 26, 1482 - Dec 27, 1518 AD : Mahmood Shah Bahmani II

He ascended the throne at the age of 12 years, when new-comers had been over thrown. New Regency was formed with Queen as president. Qasim Barid was entitled with Barid-ul-mumalik.

1495 AD - 1518 AD : Qutbul-Mulk was appointed as the Governor of Golkonda in Tilangana in 901 AH /1495-96 AD who controlled over Warangal, Rachakonda, Devarkonda and Koilkonda and was awarded the title Qutb-ul-Mulk (Pillar of the Realm) as military chief. 

1513-14 : Kodangal was part of Koilkonda.
Language : Persian and Naskh. This inscription on a Dargah of Nizamu`d-Din, slab in the southern wall from Kodangal in the Mahbubnagar District, states how the two villages called Awlin the big and Awlin the small were merged into one and named Husainabad which was endowed for running the langar of the twelve imams. The record constitutes a will executed by Malik Qutbu-l-Mulk, the progenitor of the Qutb Shahi rulers of Golconda in A.H. 919 (1513-14 A.D.). It is worth noting that the inscription, in as much as it does not mention Qutb Ul-Mulk with any royal title, is additional epigraphical evidence against Firishta's statement that Qutb Ul-Mulk assumed kingship in A.H. 918 (1512-13 A.D.).

Sultan Quli extended his rule by capturing forts at Warangal, Kondapalli, Eluru, and Rajamundry, while Krishnadevaraya was fighting the ruler of Odisha. He defeated Sitapati Raju (known as Shitab Khan), the ruler of Khammam, and captured the fort. ]

1518 AD : He declared the independence of Golconda, after the disintegration of the Bahmani Kingdom into the five Deccan sultanates. Soon after, he declared independence from the Bahmani Sultanate, took the title Qutub Shah, and established the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golconda (1518-1687 AD)

1518 - 1687 : Qutb Shahi dynasty or Golconda or Golkonda Sultanate
Founder : Sultan Quli Khawas Khan Hamdani or Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk
Capitals : Golconda (1519 - 1591), Hyderabad (1591 - 1687)
Languages: Persian, Telugu, Deccani Urdu
Religion: Shia Islam

1518 AD - 1543 AD : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk
Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was a contemporary of Krishana Deva Raya and his younger brother Achyuta Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire

1509 AD - 1529 AD : Krishna Deva Raya

During the rule of the great king Srikrishna Devaraya (1509-29), he frequently visited Alampur temple and constructed Narsimha Swamy temple at Alampur. In 1521 A.D. Srikrishna Devaraya laid Alampur inscription and he offered donations to Alampur temple. According to the copper plate inscription of Alampur, 1526 describes that Alampur was one of the Nayankara. 

1529 AD - 1541 AD : Achyuta Deva Raya

Achutaraya Conquered Panagal. 

2nd November A.D. 1538 : Kosangi. 
This inscription states that while Achyutaraya was ruling his amara nayaka (name lost) Immadi Medi Naraya made a gift of a well and garden to the God Somesvara of Kosagi.

1550 AD - 1580 AD : Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah

Chief Commander : Sayyid Shah Mir or Sayyad Shah Taqi

Ibrahim Qutb Shah Wali (1518 – 5 June 1580), also known by his Telugu names Malki BhaRama and Ibharama Cakravarti, was the fourth monarch of the kingdom of Golconda in southern India. He was the first of the Qutb Shahi dynasty to use the title "Sultan". He lived for seven years in exile at the court of Vijayanagara as an honoured guest of Rama Raya. Ibrahim is known for patronizing Telugu extensively because he was moved by a genuine love for the language.

In 1565, Ibrahim took the advantage of internal conflicts in Vijayanagara, which had given him shelter in exile during 1543–1550. He became part of a cabal of Muslim rulers of small states which banded together to destroy the powerful Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagara. He thus personally betrayed Rama Raya of Vijayanagara, who had given him shelter during his exile in 1543 to 1550. In the Battle of Talikota which ensued, Rama Raya was killed and the city where Ibrahim had spent seven happy and safe years was razed to the ground

1550 AD : Kolikonda, Mahabubnagar District.
This Telugu inscription is inscribed on a stone built into the Fort, and records that the garrison (hasim) of Koyyalakonda set up this pillar inscription on Monday su. 5 in the month of Magha of the year Sabharana, S. 1472, corresponding to Kali era 4,32,000, on behalf of Iburahim Kutubhuna Maluka Vodayalu (Ibrahim Qutub-ul-mulk).

January, 1551 AD : It records that when Ibrahim Qutb Shah of Golconda was residing at Vijayanagara, the garrison of the fort of Koilkunda swore the Prince an oath of allegiance.

1570 AD - 1646 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Aravidu Dynasty)

1570 AD - 1572 AD : Tirumala Deva Raya

1572 AD - 1586 AD : Sriranga Deva Raya I

1586 AD - 1614 AD : Venkatapati Deva Raya II
Polepally, Jadcherla
This inscription is on a pedestal in the Chennakesava Temple. This inscription mentions that a pillar which was broken for a long time was replaced in the temple of Ahobala Narasimhasvami of Polepalli by Mudugallu Nurussa Chintamani

1518 AD - 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate
This area was under the direct rule of Qutb Shahis of Golkonda, Koilkonda and Ghanapur which were main defence forts of this kings. In 1565 Rakkasi Thangadi war held in this area. Aurangzeb attacked on Golkonda fort also took place from this area only.

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire
Aurangazeb, the Mughal emperor, invaded Golconda in 1687 A.D and annexed it to the Mughal Empire. Since then, Golconda became part of the Deccan Subha and a Nizam was appointed as an agent of the Mughal emperor. Thus, for about a period of 35 years it was ruled by the Moghuls, the last one being Mubariz Khan.

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
This dynasty acquired enormous wealth and lived most extravagant and lavish life for that time. Nizam VII was the richest man on the earth in his period. He was also awarded as "Faithfull Ally of the British". Though people suffered, they left behind lot of well known landmarks, rich treasures, art, lavish food style and rich culture. Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan Nizam-VI a great and generous ruler ruled from 1869-1911 who was known as a good king among the Nizams.

Nizam Dynasty - 7 Asaf Jahi Rulers

Salarjung reforms took place in this period. Maharaja Kishen Pershad has introduced many reforms in this period. On the name of this Nawab the Palamoor District has been changed to Mahaboob Nagar District in the Nizams State. He released 25 Lakhs for action against to draught. He also known as "Mahaboob-E-Deccan". The last Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan (1911-1948) ruled this area. Many wars took place during this period. Freedom Movement took place in all over the country, but Nizam suppressed a lot in his kingdom. During his period on 10thMay 1925 "Golkonda Pathrika" (News Paper) started by Suravaram Pratapa Reddy who belongs to Palamoor District of this State and fought against Nizam rule for freedom.





http://mahabubnagar.nic.in/Dynasties.php


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahbubnagar_district

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