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Warangal District History

Orugallu or Ekashila or Warangal was the capital of Kaktiya dynasty. Warangal and Hanamkonda as legend goes is linked with the dynasties of Great "Vishnukundins" and even prior to it also of the Buddhist and pre_Buddhist periods of indian History.During Eighth Century A.D. , Warangal with an old name "Orukal" has served as Capital City of Yadava king of the Kakatiyas or Ganapatis making Warangal as Capital City.The name of Warangal "Orugallu" is said to be correct form of Orukal which is the original designation, the old town.

700 BC - 300 BC : Assaka/Asmaka/Ashmaka (The 16 Mahajanapadas)
300 BC - 185 BC : Mauryan Empire

230 BC – 220 AD : Satavahanas ( Were vassals of Mauryan Empire)

220 AD - 250 AD : Ikshvaku Tribe

250 AD - 500 AD : Vakataka Dynasty

500 AD - 543 AD : Vishnukundins

543 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas

753 AD - 973 AD : Rashrakuta Dynasty

Kakatiyas ruled as vassals to Rashrakuta Dynasty

848 AD - 888 AD : Sankaraganda
It is said that many Jaina Basadis were built by Mahamandaleshwarudu Shankaragandaras of Kolanupaka during Rashtrakuta rulers period

753 AD - 756 AD : Dantidurga

973 AD - 1163 AD : Western Chalukyas (Kalyani Chalukyas)

Bhimarasa

932-33 AD : Kajipet, Warangal District.
Dated Nandana (A.D. 932-33). Records some awards to the local officials and some specifications of fines for offences. The king’s feudatory Satyasraya Bhimarasa is referred to as Mahamandalesvara.

Kakatiyas ruled as vassals to Western Chalukyas with Kakatipura, Anumakonda (Hanumkonda), Orugallu (Warangal) as there capitals.

1003 AD - 1007 AD : Gunagarasa
1004 AD : Narayanagiri, Warangal District.
This inscription is inscribed on a boulder outside the village. It states that a certain chief named Gunagarasa who bears the titles Ekkala-sahasa, mahasamantadhipati, Satyagraha kulanvaya was ruling the kingdom, his subordinate Gamgeyarasar granted some gift to the god Mallikarjuna installed by his padida Samkamayya.

1006 AD : Narayanagiri, Warangal.
The epigraph is in Kannada and dated Saka 928 (A.D. 1006), records the conservation of the deity Mallikarjuna by a certain Gangeyya, the Sumka-verggade of kings. The king Gunagarasa belonging to Satyasraya-kula, is eulogised in the epigraph as Raja Vidyadhara, Tumgavedanga and Ekkalasahasa.

Jaffarghad, Warangal District : Rashtrakuta.
This inscription is on a rock near the tank. The record begins with the eulogy of the Rashtrakuta family and a subordinate family called Panara-kula. It records the construction of the tank by a certain Samkaraganda of Panara-kula.

Kakatiya Dynasty

1076 AD - 1108 AD: Beta II (Tribhuvana Malla)
25th December, 1082 AD : Banajipe, Narsampet
Pillar lying near Central Primary School. Built in records the gift of land and house sites by mahamandalesvara Kakatya Betarasa to Vir[ai]kamala Jinalaya built by mahamandalesvara Madarasa of Uravadi a subordinate of Tribhuvanamalla Vikramaditya (VI). The latter was stated to have belonged to Vengonda-kula and to the family of Madhavavarma who was described as a possessor of 8000 elephants, 10 crores of horses and countless foot-soldiers. The inscription was written by Aryapayya and Sridhara.

26th December A.D. 1079 : Kumarapalli, Warangal District.
This inscription is near Malapochamma temple. States that on the occasion of the Solar eclipse in S. 1001, Siddharthi (A.D. 1079, December, 26th Thursday), Mahamandalesvara Betarajulu who bears the title Vikramachakri made a gift of land, a house and an oil mill free from all impediments for maintaining perpetual lamp(s) in the shrines of Prolesvara and Betesvara.

1116 AD - 1158 AD : Prolla II Brother of Durgaraja. Son of Beta II

March 4, 1120 AD : Matedu Inscription of Prola II

The Telugu inscription is on a stone in front of the Gopalaswamy temple and records the gift of lands for offerings etc., to the temples of Mahadeva, Vinayaka and Kesavadeva, consecrated by Mahasamanta Vemabola Boddama-Mallenayaka, the servant (bantu) of Mahamandalesvara Kakatiya Prolaraja on Vaddvaru su 3, of Chaitra in the year Sarvari, corresponding to the Saka year 1042= Thursday 4 March A.D. 1120.

1122 AD : Polavasa Dynasty
11th February, 1122 AD : Govindapur, Narsampet Taluk, Warangal District
This inscription is on a stone pillar erected in the tank called Komaticheruvu. Built in. Traces the genealogy of the chiefs Meda and Gunda belonging to Madhavavarmman's family and introduces Nagadeva, the minister of Gunda. States that Nagadeva was described as the follower of Meghachandra Siddhanta Deva, a Jaina pontiff of Krandrgana and Meshapashana- gacbcha who constructed the temple of Parsva Jinesvara and donated gift of lands with the consent of Medaraja. It also records the gift of lands by the merchants belonging to Vaji-kula of Sanagara.

1158 - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty Independent rule

1158 AD - 1195 AD : Rudradeva Son of Prola II
1195 AD - 1199 AD : Mahadeva Brother.

1199 AD - 1261 AD: Ganpatideva

1261 AD - 1289 AD : Rudramadevi

1289 AD - 1323 AD : Prataparudra

1323 : Ulug Khan son of Ghiyasuddin captured Warangal from Parataparudra II.

1323 AD - 1336 AD : Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 AD - 1413 AD)

1323 AD - 1325 AD : Ulug Khan or Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325 AD -1351 AD)

Ghiyasuddin Tughluq's son and general Ulugh Khan (Muhammad bin Tughluq) captured Warangal in 1323, Ulugh Khan himself took over the Governorship of what is now a new province of "Teling" (Telangana) in the Sultanate. Gannaya was captured and converted to Islam, given the name Malik Maqbul and found a place in the new regime. When Ulugh Khan left for Delhi soon afterwards, he left Warangal in the charge of Malik Maqbul. Ulugh Khan succeeded Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq as the new Sultan of Delhi under the name Muhammad bin Tughluq

1325 AD - 1336 AD : Malik Maqbul or Gona Gannaya III, was a commander of the Kakatiya Empire under Prataparudra (r. 1289–1323). Marana's Markandeya Puranamu (in Telugu) names him as "Gannavibhudu" and describes him as the commander (Kataka paludu) of Warangal Fort, the capital of Kakatiyas. The term Mala Devudu (meaning "Lord") implies that he was very high up in the hierarchy.

1336 AD : Kapaya Nayaka took control of Warangal from Malik Maqbul

1336 AD - 1368 AD : Musunuri Kapaya Nayak

1328 AD : A movement was started at Rekapalli on the bank of the Godavari under the leadership of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka and his cousin Kapaya Nayaka

Kapaya Nayaka became the ruler in A.D.1333, after the demise of Prolaya Nayaka, and captured Warangal in 1336 AD.

Aug 3, 1347 - Feb 11, 1358 A.D : Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah

1347 AD : In 1347 AD Bahmani Dynasty was formed by Bahman Shah who wrested deccan from delhi

1350: Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal in 1350 by Bahadur Khan and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress of Kaulas in Kamareddy.

Bahman Shah divided his kingdom into 4 provinces, the capitals of which are Gulbarga, Daulatabad, Ellichpur and Bidar. Bidar has Kandhar, Indur and Kaulas

1355 AD : Ala-ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah attacked Telangana with a much larger army and conquered some forts, which involved Bhuvanagiri.

March 23, 1363 : Vinayaka Deva, the son of Kaapaya was sent to free the fort of Bhuvanagiri and Kaulas from Bhaman Shah. He was being helped by Bukka Raya, the king of Vijayanagar. However, eventually he was killed in a disastrous manner.

Mahumad Shah sent Azami-i-Humayun to occupy Golconda and the expedition against Warangal was led by Saffdar Khan Sistani with the army of Berar.

Kapaya Nayak fled from his capital and took refuge in the jungles, at the same time sending many of his most trusty and able couriers to Bahadur Khan to entreat him to use his influence to sign a treaty with Bahadur Khan as intermediary.

Muhamad Shah retied to Bidar and left Azami-i-Humayun in Golconda and Bahadur Kahn in Kaulas to see that terms of peace were fulfilled.

1364 AD : Warangal was ceded by the Musunuri Kapaya Naidu to the Bahmani Sultanate as part of a treaty in 1364. Signed a treaty with three hundred elephants, thirteen lake of huns, and two hundred horses. In a second audience the envoys presented to Muhammad Shah a precious turquoise throne of warangal (jeweled throne ) which had originally been made by Prataparudradeva II for Muhammad bin Tugghlaq. This throne, which was afterwards known as the takht-i-firusa was made of ebony and was three yards in length and two and half in breadth. It was overlaid with plates of gold heavily jeweled which were removable and packed in box for travelling. In the reign of Mahumad Shah the throne was valued at ten millions of huns or 400,000 pounds. Muhamad Shah, in consideration of this splendid gift gave a solemn undertaking that he would regard Golconda as his frontier and would not seek warangal unless the raja should break the peace.

1368 AD : Recherla Nayakas Anavotha nayaka, son of Singama nayaka along with his brother Mada nayaka, fought several battles with the Kondaveeti Reddy rulers and Vijayanagara rulers. He also killed the Musunuri ruler Kapaya nayaka in 1368. He conquered the Warangal, Panagallu and Bhuvanagiri forts and took the title of “Tribhuvana Rayarao’.

1368 AD - 1383 AD : Recherla Anavotha nayaka (1361 AD - 1383 AD)
Capital : Rachakonda

1383 AD - 1399 AD : Recherla Singama nayaka-II / Singabhupala-II

1399 AD -1421 AD : Recherla Anavotha Nayaka-II

Anapotanayaka mounted a successful campaign in 1417 AD against Panugallu. During the campaign the Bahamani sultan Tajuddin Ferozshah laid siege to Panugallu. At that time Panugallu was under the Vijayanagara kings. The Recherla Nayaks also went along with their armies to help Ferozshah, but during the campaign their relations soured. Seeing the opportunity Devaraya I negotiated with the Velamanayakas and turned them into his favor. During a fierce battle at Panagallu fort the Velamanayakas like Anapotanayaka came over to the side of Devaraya along with their armies. Due to this Ferozshah ‘s assumed victory turned into defeat and he could barely escape and reach his capital Gulbarga. Anapotanayaka died during this battle in 1421 AD.

1421 AD - 1430 AD : Recherla Mada Nayaka II of Devarakonda

After Anapotanayaka, his brother Madanayaka came to the throne in 1421 AD.,probably because Anapotanayaka’s eldest son Singamanayaka was too young to assume charge.

1423 AD : Khan-i-Azam Abdul Latif Khan Governor of Telangana

1424 AD : After the battle of Panagallu, the recherla's maintained enmity with the Bahmani Sultans and helped the Vijayanagara rulers in every way they could. During the battle between Ahmed Shah (Bahmani sultan) and Devaraya-II in 1424, Madanayaka helped the latter. Because of this, though Ahmed Shah made peace with Devaraya.

1425 AD : Khan-i-Azam Abdul Latif Khan

1425 AD : after the battle was over, he sent his deputy, Azam Khan to capture Warangal (kingdom of Mada nayaka). In this battle, Azam Khan captured not only Warangal,but also many forts in Rachakonda and Devarakonda kingdoms.

When Ahmad Shah was immersed in a war with the Sultan of Gujarat, the Rachakonda kings recovered all their lost forts.

1430 AD - 1458 AD : Recherla Singama Nayaka III son of Anavotha Nayaka II
In Devarakonda, the contemporary of Mummadi Singhabhupala was the son of Kumara Madanayaka, known as Lingamanayaka. Lingamanedu was very valiant in battle and at the age of 12 years itself, he led the forces and fought a battle. The Vamsavali attributes a lot of victories to him, but many of them could not be confirmed. However, it is certain that Lingamanedu’s attack on the Rajamahendravaram Reddy kingdom weakened and destroyed it.

The Recherla Nayaks of Rachakonda and Devarakonda supported the Bahamani Sultan’s for sometime, the Vijayanagara kings for sometime and the Gajapati’s of Orissa for sometime and fought with their respective enemies.

1457 AD : Sanjar Khan as Governor of Telingaṇa conferring Bhongir as Jagir on him

1458 AD - 1460 AD : Sanjar Khan general of Humayun Bahman Shah

Captured warangal in 1458 AD and ceased to exist as independent kingdom and marched against Devarakonda. Recherla Lingama Nayaka sought help from Orissa Gajapathis.

Sanjar Khan was fighting the ‘Uriah leader of Telingana’, who had ‘nearly two hundred thousand elephants’. This could be none other than the Gajapati king, and the way in which he is referred to shows that he was the ruler of the neighbouring kingdom.

Firishta says that the motive that led the Gajapati king to help the Raja of Devarakonda was the temptation of the ‘offers of great sums of money’ by the Raja of Devarakonda.

1460 AD: Gajapati Kapileswara of Orissa
2nd February, 1460 A.D : conquest of Warangal Fort by Kapilesvara's son Hambira or Ambira and Raghudeva was the second in command. It is interesting to note that Hambira`s inscription is found on the eastern gate of the Warangal fort while Raghudeva`s record is incised on its western gate, locally known as the fifth gate. This appears to show that the two leaders of the Gajapati forces led the attack on the Warangal fort from two different sides.

The conquest of Warangal by the generals of Kapileswara is one of the events in the struggle between the Bahmanis of Gulbarga and the Gajapatis of Orissa. Varumgallu(Warangal) within the domination of Umainusaha (saha) described as the Suratana of Kalubaraga, i.e. the Bahmani Sultan Humayan Shah (1458-61 A.D.) of Gulbarga

This land is stated to have been situated in the western tract of the Andhra country which formed a part of
Bharatavarsha lying in the Jambudvipa section of the earth. This is in consonance with the old conception according to which Jambu-dvipa was one of the four or seven dripas constituting the earth.

The inscription is important as it confirms the statement of Firishta that the Gajapati king intervened in the political affairs of Telingana to the detriment of the interests of the Bahmani kingdom. Firishta states that when the Bahmani forces besieged Devarakonda, the Gajapati king sent some forces to help the ruler of Devarakonda. It was probably this same expeditionary force that marched to Warangal after relieving Devarakonda, and under the command of Ambira-deva succeeded in capturing the Warangal fort. The name of the fort, Varumgallu, is interesting as a development from Orugallu.

1460 AD - 1464 AD : Dharma Nayaka son of Singama Nayaka III

1462 A.D: Shayampet inscription - Dharmanayudu / Dharmanayaka, brother of Singama nayaka-III was appointed as the ruler of Warangal. However, now Recherla Nayaks became the tributaries of the Gajapatis of Orissa.

21st April, A.D. 1464 : Sayampeta, Parakal
This long but incomplete inscription belongs to the Recherla chiefs, and records the gift of the village of Muccherla together with Mandapalle in Kothagattu sthala included, in the Voruganti Sima, with all the rights together with all the cultivators (Krishi valulu) on the occasion of lunar eclipse to God Tiruvengalesvara of Machcherla and to 12 Ayyangars and 12 Mahajanas both numbering 24 by Ravu Dharma Naidu’s son of Pinnamanayadu and Singamamba, grandson of Peda Anapotanayaka. The chief bears all the usual titles of the Recheria chiefs including, Kakatirajya Sthapana Acharya. The gifted village was divided into 34 vrittis of which 10 vrittis were allotted for the God Tiruvengalesvara of Macherla. 12 vrittis to Ayyangars and 12 vrittis to Mahajana and for the 24 murttis. On the second side, the name of the donors with their gotras and pedigrees are given. This is dated in S. 1386, Tarona, Vaisakha Su. 15. Vaddavara, Lunar eclipse; corresponding to Sunday 21st April, 1464 A.D.

This inscription is on a stone pillar erected about two furlongs off from Venkateswara temple, dated S. 1386, Tarana, Vaisakha su 15, Saturday, Lunar eclipse, (A.D. 1464, April 21). This inscription records the gift of villages Maccherla and Mada situated in Kottagattu sthala and Warangallu sima, by Dharmanayaka son of Pinnamanayaka, grandson of Peda- singamanayaka, and great grandson of Peda Annavota Nayaka of the Recherla family to the god Tiruvengaleswara of Maccherla, 12 ayyangars and 12 mahajanas. It is interesting to note that vrittis 10 to the god, 12 to the ayyangars and 12 to the mahajanas altogether 34 vrittis were granted to the donees together with the cultivators attached to them. The inscription contains a long list of the donees with their parentage and gotras.

1464 AD : Sultan Mohammad Shah Bahmani dispatched Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk to the Telangana region to quell disturbances. Sultan Quli quelled the disturbance and was rewarded as the administrator of the region.

1475 AD : Azam Khan son of Sikandar Khan

Warangal was placed under Prince Azam Khan, son of Sikandar Khan. This arrangement was not liked by Nizam - ul - Mulk who really wanted to govern the whole of Telangana and therefore resolved on the destruction of its author Mahmud Gawan.

Jul 30, 1463 - Mar 26, 1482 A.D : Muhammad Shah-lll

Mar 26, 1482 - Dec 27, 1518 AD : Mahmood Shah Bahmani II

1482 AD - 1503 AD : Adil Khan Deccani Governor

Yusuf Adil Shah (1450–1510), referred as Adil Khan or Hidalcão by the Portuguese, was the founder of the Adil Shahidynasty that ruled the Sultanate of Bijapur for nearly two centuries. As the founder of the newly formed Bijapur dynasty (as the Adil Shahi dynasty is also known), Yusuf Adil Shah is credited with developing the town of Bijapur and elevating it to significant status.

1503 AD - 1564 AD: Shitab Khan or Sitadu or Sitapati Raju ruled from Rachakonda, Warangal and Khammam forts.

The evidence relating to Shitab Khan may be divided into four distinct groups, the first relating to Shitab Khan of about A.D. 1460, the amir of the Bahmani ruler Humayun, and the second to the hero of the Warangal inscription dated A.D. 1504. The third group of evidence relates to the opponent of Krsna-deva-raya of Vijayanagara about A.D. 1516, during his Kalinga campaigns, and the last to the contemporary of Ibrahimi Qutb Shah for whom we have the date A.D. 1570.

21th January, A.D. 1504 : This inscription is on four sides of a red stone pillar lying in front of Sambhunigudi in the fort. Dated Saka 1425 (tattva-devavaraja-vibhu), Raktasamvamin (Rudhirodgarin), Magha su. 5, Sunday=1504 A.D., January 21. Records the capture of Warangal and the restoration of certain temples in it by Sitapa-Khana of the Bhogi family whose ancestry and exploits are described at length.

1504 AD : In 1504 Qutb-ul-mulk defeated the combined forces of Sitab Khan also known as Sitaram the chief of Khammammel and Warangal and Raja Ramacandra of Orissa by marching on Warangal.

1512 AD : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk defeated Shitab Khan to capture Khammam fort.

21st January, A.D. 1564 : Warangal,
This inscription is situated near the Southern Torana, Sambunigudi. The inscription records the exploits of Chittapakhana of the Bhogi-kula, son of Manaya and Gauramba and grandson of Naga. He conquered Rajadri and other forts. Having vanquished the Muhammadans, wrested from them the beautiful city of Ekasilapuri formerly ruled by the Kakatiya kings. For the worship of the gods and brahmanas he reinstalled the images of the god Panchalaraya (Krishna), of the goddess Kakati the Lakshmi of the Kakatiya kingdom, and of Siva, the primaeval and self-existent of lord removed by the Turushkas in their respective shrines. Chittapakhana had two wives, Devambika and Anumamba. By the former he had two sons, Avadutakhan and Puramtaka; and by the latter he had three sons, Amara, Bhogi and Rama. The inscription was composed by Madhava, son of Annarya of Apastamba-sutra and Bharadvaja-gotra and was set up on Adivara, Magha su.5 of the year Rudhirodgari, Saka 1425 (Sunday, 21st January, A.D. 1564).

1518 AD : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk declared Independence

1509 AD – 1529 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty) - Krishna Deva Raya Rule

1518 AD – 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate

After krishnadevaraya this area came under the rule of golconda qutubshahis.abdul hasan tanisha was the last ruler whose employee was kancharla gopanna whose name was known as bhadrachala ramadas.Ministers akkana,madanna were from warangal.In 1636, Shah Jahan forced the Qutb Shahis to recognize Mughal suzerainty, which lasted until 1687 when the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered the Golcondan sultanate.
1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire 1713 : Mir Qamaruddin Siddiqi was appointed governor by the Mughals.1724 : Mir Qamaruddin Siddiqi was granted the control of Hyderabad by the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah after defeating the rival from Maratha Empire.
1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
1798 : Hyderabad became the first Indian royal state to accede to British protection under the policy of Subsidiary Alliance instituted by Arthur Wellesley.
1946 - 1951 : Telangana Rebellion
Aug 15, 1947 : Indian Independence from British. Osman Ali Khan ASAF Jahi VII chose to remain independent.
Sep 17, 1948 : Operation Polo, was a military operation ordered by then Indian Home Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on Sep 13 1948 in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its Nizam on Sep 17 1948, integrating Hyderabad in to India.
Sep 17, 1948 - Oct 31, 1956 : Hyderabad State, India.

Sep 17 1948 - Dec 31 1949 : Major General J. N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor.
26 January 1950 - 31 October 1956 : Last Nizam, Osman Ali Khan ASAF Jahi VII as Rajpramukh. Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India which existed from India's independence in 1947 until 1956. Rajpramukhs were the appointed governors of certain of India's provinces and states.
26 Jan, 1950 - 6 March, 1952 : M. K. Vellodi was Chief Minister of the state appointed by Government of India.
6 March, 1952 - 31 October 1956 : In the 1952 Legislative Assembly election, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State.
1 November, 1956 - 1 June, 2014 : Andhra Pradesh State, India
Andhra State and Telangana region of Hyderabad State were merged to form Andhra Pradesh State, India.
2 June, 2014 : Telangana, India.

The District derived its name Nizamabad from the Nizam of Hyderabad Asaf jahi, VI who ruled Deccan during the 18th century A.D. Nizamabad was formerly known as Indur and Indrapuri supposed to have originated from the name of the king Indradatta who seems to have flourished it this region during the 5th century A.D.

Nizamabad was ruled by Rashtrakutas in the 8th century, was ruled by the king "Indra Vallabha Panthya Varsha Indra Som". The city was named after him.

In the year 1905 the railway line between Secundrabad and Manmad was constructed. The railway station was named after then ruler of the Nizam state "Nizam-ul-Mulk" as Nizamabad. The railway line connects Hyderabad and Mumbai. It is like North-South corridor. Has the distance of 161 km from Hyderabad and 640 km from Mumbai.

Nizamabad history is dated back to the very inception of human civilization. Paleolithic tools, cooking utensils and weapons excavated at Pochampad, a site in Nizamabad, indicates the existence of the town in the Stone Age. Its story of evolution is an interesting chapter in the volumes of the history of India.

700 BC - 300 BC : Assaka/Asmaka/Ashmaka (The 16 Mahajanapadas)
In the 6th century BC, Ashmaka, a Surya Vamsha king, established a kingdom and built the city Poudana. This city was later captured by King Karna with the help of the Nagula tribe. Consequently it is believed that the inhabitants of Poudana were descendants of the Nagula tribe and therefore were brave and fearless in nature.

300 BC - 185 BC : Mauryan Empire
Ashmaka soon moved into the hands of the Nanda kings. They were however severely defeated by Chandragupta Maurya who established his control over the territory with the help of his shrewd and intelligent Prime Minister Kautilya or Chanakya.

Mauryas were followed by the Satavahanas, Ikshwakas, Vishna Kundinas, and the Badami Chalukyas who established their sovereignty over Nizamabad. It is little wonder that their rule have sufficiently contributed in influencing its heritage and culture.

230 BC – 220 AD : Satavahanas ( Were vassals of Mauryan Empire)

220 AD - 250 AD : Ikshvaku Tribe

250 AD - 500 AD : Vakataka Dynasty

500 AD - 543 AD : Vishnukundins

543 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas

c.641 D - 973 AD : Vemulawada Chalukyas

Vassals of Badami Chalukyas

c.641 - c.660 AD : Satyasraya Ranavikrama
Ruled from Bodhan (Nizamabad) as Capital was in service of Pulakesi II (610 AD - 642 AD)

753 AD - 973 AD : Rashtrakuta Dynasty
In the 8th century, the Rashtrakuta king Indra Vallabha Panthya Varsha Indra Som ruled over Ashmaka. His long and effective reign led people to rename this city after its great ruler to commemorate his successfulreign. Hence Ashmaka came to be known as Indur or Indrapuri. The name remains etched in the minds and hearts of its people who wish to refer to their favorite city with its old name as an endearment. Indur soon assumed significant prominence as is evident from its reference in the religious scriptures of various Indian religions namely Jainism, Buddhism and Hinduism.

973 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyas / Kalyani Chalukyas (973 AD - 1189 AD)
Founder : Tailapa II Capitals : Manyakheta, Kalyani (Basavakalyan in Bidar , Karnataka)

Bodhan, Nizamabad District.
Poet Pampa Samdhi

An epigraph on samadhi, locally said to be that of poet Pampa, along some other epigraphs brought from Bodhan, the headquarters of a taluka of the name in the Nizamabad district. The samadhis are not on ground but on the fort wall. Some time ago, a contractor, it is said, started to transport earth from the fort wall, when the pillars on the samadhis which were standing in the middle of the fort wall fell down almost to the ground level. The fort wall, though built of mud, appears like a small hillock. Now the samadhi pillars are lying near Sri Linganna's house adjacent to the fort wall. As the pillars have come down as there are many samadhis besides, it is not possible to find its exact location.

It is stated in the inscription that a Jain saint by name Subhanandi attained samadhi (at Bodhan, of course). The name of Pampa finds no place in it, though the local tradition attributes the samadhi to Pampa. As we know from the Adipurana (Stanza 35 of 16th chapter) that Pampa had another name `Subha'.

1008 AD - 1015 AD : Vikramaditya V

1012 AD - 1069 AD : Mahamandalesvara Pamparasar or Pampa Permanadi or Pallavarasa

Prime Minister : Somarasa or Soma Bhattaraka
1012 AD : Ummeda Kalabhairavaswamy temple in Nandipet mandal of Nizamabad district

The inscription, written in Telugu-Kannada script and Kannada language, records the ritual performed on the Lunar Eclipse in the month of Falguna, 1012 AD when Pallavarasa washed the feet and worshipped Somanatha Guru and donated approximately ninety acres of land to him. This was the second inscription bearing his name. The first inscription was found with his name in Nandikandi village of Sangareddy district. He was conferred the title “Pampa Permanadi.”

Sept 29, 1017 AD : chronicles the endowment of both arable and irrigated land by Somarasa Ankakara to a Jain ascetic named Prasannacharya. This learned sage was well-versed in disciplines like Yama, Niyama, Swadhyaya, Dhyana, and Samadhi, and held mastery in Ashtanga Yoga, a practice observed within Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism

1056 AD : Bodhan, Nizamabad : Of the five inscriptions copied here, four discovered in the ruined fort-wall, reveals that a place referred to as Bhaudhanya-nagara was a Jaina centre in the eleventh-twelfth centuries. Three inscriptions refer to the death, by samadhi or sannyasa, of the Jaina preceptors Subhanand, Gandavimukta-bhattaraka and Chandraprabhacharya. The fifth, in Kannada, dated Saka 978, refers to the renovation of the Indra-Narayana Temple, formerly built by Indira Vallabha of the Rashtrakuta family, consecration of the image of Vishnu therein, erection of a Garuda-pillar and gift of two villages, oil-mills, a flower-garden and the income from the toll on salt, for worship, by perggade Jogapayya.

1015 AD - 1042 AD : Jayasimha II also known as Jagadhekamalla I and Mallikamoda

1042 - 1068 AD : Someswara I

1041 AD : Gandavimukta Bhattaraka

1041 AD : Bodhan
This inscription is on pillar no-2 on the top of the fort to the north of the old village, dated Saka 963 (pavakarasa-nidhi), Vrisha, Magha su. 10. States that Gandavimukta- bhattaraka, disciple of Naganandi-bhattaraka who was himself a disciple of Nandi Siddhanta Deva attained samadhi by sanyasana at Bahudhanya-nagara.

1058 AD : Soma Bhattaraka

27th February A.D. 1058 : Chillagiri, Banswada Mandal

This inscription is on a pillar in the agricultural land. States that a certain (viz) Bana Soma Bhattaraka, made a gift of 13 marttaras of land for the daily offerings and perpetual burning of the lamp to the god Mulasthanadeva.

30th May A.D. 1056 : Bodhan
This record is incomplete. Mention the renovation of the temple of Vishnudeva and erection of a Garuda pillar and the building of the temple of Narayanadeva in the capital city of Podan, modern Bodhan by a certain Indravallabha of Rashtrakuta lineage. It also mentions a certain Perggade Jogapayya.

1059 AD : Kunepalle, Renjal Mandal.
This inscription is on a pillar near a water tank. Registers the gift of agricultural land to the god Nakares[s]vara deva for the daily rites of dhupa, dipa, naivedya and nitya annadana on the occasion of Solar eclipse. It also mentions the construction of a well, which was handed over to Divakara bhatta to look after.

1068 - 1076 AD : Someswara II

Death of Jain Chandraprabha Acharya
8th September, A.D. 1072 : Bodhan
This inscription is on a pillar in Pangalli street. It is an epitaph set up on the occasion of the death of a Jaina ascetic named Chandra Prabhadeva. It contains a lengthy description about the greatness of the deceased. He possessed worthy qualities such as ksama, satya, niyama, sauca, tapa, tyaga and samyama, besides his unparalleled proficiency in all the branches of knowledge and virtues. This great Jaina Acarya went into samadhi and attained the abode of Indra on the said Bhadrapada Krisnastami.

8th September, A.D. 1072 : Bodhan
This inscription is on a pillar on the top of the fort to the north of the old village. Records the death (through samadhi) at Bodhana of the teacher Chandraprabh-acharya who has been eulogised.

1076 AD - 1126 AD : Vikramaditya VI

1096 AD - 1099 AD : mahamandaleshwar Chandarasa

1088 AD - 1152 : Mallarasa or maha mandalesvara Malla rasa or Mallikarjunadeva

chief : perggada Nagavarma

1088 AD : s.1010

1096 AD : Chandrarasa Haihaya chief

Kallur, Raichur

The Haihayas governed from their capital at Mallat . Their allegiance was first to the Chalukyas , and later to the Yadavas. The Haihaya chiefs are styled in their inscriptions as the Lords of the city of Mahismati

1098 AD : Gundenamali, Bichkunda Mandal.
This inscription is on a pillar near Hanuman temple. The inscription states that while the king Tribhuvanamalladeva was ruling, his feudatory Caundarasaru made a gift of some agricultural land and flower garden for the daily offerings of the Lord Samgamesvara.

It also mentions a gift of land made to the benefit of Sri Bimbavagama Yemagavun da, Ranagavunda and Samgamesvaradeva.

6th December, 1098 AD : Vijadnagar, Banswada
It records the gift of land for the maintenance of the daily routine of the temple Sayirabada. The gift was placed in the custody of Rudrasakti, the priest of Nakhareswara temple of Podana. The administrative division Sayirabada might be the same as Sabbisayira known already through several Kalyana Chalukya and Kakatiya inscriptions.

20th December 1098 AD : Wajidnagar, Bichkunda Mandal
This inscription is on a pillar near the tankbund. The inscription records the gift of 10 marttars of land for the worship and daily rites as well as repairs of the temple of Somanatha by mahamandalesvara Kalicorarasar, lord of Amaravati Pura, after washing the feet of Rudrasakti Pandita, on the occasion of Uttarayana Sankranti. It also mentions the names of officers viz., Prabhu dandanayaka Simgarasa, Heggade Nagadeva nayaka of the lord (Prabhu) Mallarasa.

19th September, A.D. 1099 : Gundenambe, Madnur/Zookal
the gift of land by several Gavundas namely Kesa Gavunda, Macha Govunda daily offerings of the god Sangameswaradeva. It also mentions a gift by mahamandaleshwar Chandarasa, who made the gift through the above mentioned Gavundas, at the time of consecration of the God. The gift was kept in the hands of Sri Naranappa Pandita, the disciple of Sri Rudra Sakti Pandita, the Pontiff of the city of Bodhan.

30th March, A.D. 1105 : Bhimgal, Nizamabad District.Telugu and Kannada.
Begins with the asusual prasasti of the Western Chalukyas, followed by the mention of a certain maha mandalesvara Malla rasa, whose subordinate was perggada Nagavarma, who at the time of consecrating the Gods Rudresvara and Kesava, endowed the lands measuring 2 mas, towards the naivedya (daily offering) in the tank of Kavana, and some garden land towards the daily puja and other services such as dance, music and other instruments.

24th October A.D. 1120 : Sangam, Bodhan
This inscription is on a broken stone in the village. The inscription gives lengthy prasasti on a certain Mallikarjunadeva, a subordinate of the king Tribhuvanamalladeva and introduces his minister Brahma Sarman son of Sridhara and his brother Devana made some gift to the God Samgamesvara.

1120 AD : This inscription is on a broken stone lying in Sangameshwara temple. Fragmentary inscription. It mentions some donations to the priest of matha by a certain Sresti named Mallideva.

10th March, 1134 AD : Bheemgal.
This inscription is on a pillar near ruined Sivalayam. Records the gift of 8 marttars of Kariya (Black soil) and tota (garden land) towards the daily rites of the god Kesavadeva by Preggade Nagavarma who was in the service of mahamandalesvara Mallarasar.

1140 AD : Bodhan
This inscription is on a slab near a water tank. Mentions a certain Aliya Mallarasaru, Son-in-law of Eravarasa. It refers to some gift made by Mallarasaru to the god Siddhesvara of D[h]ronapalli. The gift particulars are not worn out.

4th June, 1152 AD : Jukkal
Nurmmadi Trailokyamalla (Tailapa-III)

It is on a pillar in front of Hanuman temple. This inscription registers the gift of 20 and 12 marttars of land for the daily offerings and perpetual burning of the lamp to the gods Bijjesvaradeva and Nandi Betesvaradeva by mahamandalesvara Pereya Mallarasaru, during the reign of Trailokyamalladeva identifiable with Tailapa III.

1126 - 1138 AD : Bhulokamalla Someswara III

1137 AD : Soma Permanadi
Desaipet, Banswada, Nizamabad District.
It records the grant of land by a certain Soma Permanadi bearing the titles, Savalakkamalla, Sanivara Siddhi, Pampana Gandha Varana and Lord of Banavasavadi-70 etc. for the daily rituals of the God. The importance of this record lies in the fact that, for the first time it mentions the place Bansavada, identifiable with modern Banswada in Nizamabad District.

15th November A.D. 1137 : Someswaram, Banswada,

It record the gifts of land in the territory of Banswada-26 by a feudatory named Soma permanadi, who bare the titles 'Savalakkamalla' and ‘Sanivara Siddhi' towards the anga and ranga bhogas and Tribhogabhya siddhi. An interesting aspect of this record is the mention of the name of the village 'Somesvaram' which is probably named after the donor Soma permanadi or his master Somesvara III.

1138 - 1158 AD : Jagadekamalla II
mahamandalesvara Gandaya
Varni, Nizamabad : This inscription registers the gift of 9 marttars of land to the God Talaketa deva and 12 marttars of land to the Lord Nilakamtha deva by Heggade Malliyana while mahamandalesvara Gandaya was administering the area. The gift was handed over to Ananda and Nagaraja Pandita.

1158 - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty Independent rule

1158 AD - 1195 AD : Rudradeva Son of Prola II
1195 AD - 1199 AD : Mahadeva Brother.

1199 AD - 1261 AD: Ganpatideva

1261 AD - 1289 AD : Rudramadevi

1289 AD - 1323 AD : Prataparudra

1323 : Ulug Khan son of Ghiyasuddin captured Warangal from Parataparudra II.

1323 AD - 1336 AD : Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 AD - 1413 AD)

1323 AD - 1325 AD : Ulug Khan or Muhammad bin Tughluq (1325 AD -1351 AD)

In 1323 Indur faced its first Muslim onslaught. The brave Nagula blood flowing in their veins led them to fight fiercely with the Muslim sultans in a bid to protect their independence. However, the huge Muslim army ultimately forced them to surrender in defeat in 1323 when Ul-ug Khan captured Bodhan Fort and Kotagiri. In 1324, Indur formally came to be included in the sovereignty of the sultans.

Bodhan.
This inscription is on a slab in the courtyard of Deval Masjid. The Deval Masjid, as its name signifies, was originally a Hindu temple, and converted in to a mosque by Muhammad Tughlaq at the time of his deccan conquest. The plan of the building is star-shaped ; it has undergone little alteration at the hands of the moslems expecting the removal of the semi-circular chamber and the setting up a pulpit.

1336 AD : Kapaya Nayaka took control of Warangal from Malik Maqbul

1336 AD - 1368 AD : Musunuri Kapaya Nayak

1328 AD : A movement was started at Rekapalli on the bank of the Godavari under the leadership of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka and his cousin Kapaya Nayaka

Kapaya Nayaka became the ruler in A.D.1333, after the demise of Prolaya Nayaka, and captured Warangal in 1336 AD.

Aug 3, 1347 - Feb 11, 1358 A.D : Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah

1347 AD : In 1347 AD Bahmani Dynasty was formed by Bahman Shah who wrested deccan from delhi

1350: Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal Kingdom in 1350 and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress of Kaulas in Kamareddy. Bahman Shah divided his kingdom into 4 provinces, the capitals of which are Gulbarga, Daulatabad, Ellichpur and Bidar. Bidar has Kandhar, Indur and Kaulas

1350 AD - 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate
In 1350 when the Bahamani kings established their hold over Indur, the city underwent another turning point in its history. For a considerable period after that till 1500 AD, the existence of Indur was seeped in confusion. It came to be ruled by the Bahamani kings as well as by the Vijayanagar kings both of whom began to force their control over Indur by turns. The fall of the Bahamani kings at the hands of the Qutub Shahi kings lent a new influence on Indur.

1509 AD – 1529 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty) - Krishna Deva Raya Rule

1518 AD – 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate
It came to be adorned with Qutub Shahi architecture namely forts
built at Bodhan, Kotagiri Kowlas Nala and so on.

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire
The Asaf Jahi occupation followed soon after.

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
With the ascent of Aurangzeb to the throne of Delhi, the Golkonda kingdoms including Indur came into the hands of the Mughals.

Indur's role in the 1857 mutiny led it to be included in the Indian union. Since it continued to remain under the aegis of the Nizams, Indur was then renamed as Nizamabad. The district of Nizamabad
finally came to be formed in 1956 AD. This marked the entry of Indur into the modern era.

Sep 17, 1948 - Oct 31, 1956 : Hyderabad State, India.

1 November, 1956 - 1 June, 2014 : Andhra Pradesh State, India

2 June, 2014 : Telangana State, India.

1905 : The modernization of Indur can be traced back to 1905 and can be marked by the laying down of railway tracks between Secunderabad and Manmad. This was the first time a mode of transport was being set up to establish faster communication between Nizamabad and the rest of the world.

1923 : In 1923 Nizamabad district witnessed the construction of the Nizam Sagar Dam. Built across the River Manjira in Achampet, it irrigates around 250,000 acres of land in the district. It is also considered to be one of the biggest irrigation projects that meet the water consumption requirements for the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad.

Nizamabad History has found a significant position in the annals of history. Its birth, growth and advancement towards modern civilization have ensured that it justifies its right to earn and retain that position.

http://lasinker.blogspot.com/2014/03/nizamabad-history.html

Medak District History

Medak District is located in the state of Telangana. Medak was originally known as Methukudurgam which subsequently changed into Methuku due to the growth of fine and coarse rice in this area. It was also called Siddapuram then the town name was later changed as Gulshanabad and then Medak but with passage of time, the prefix Siddapur lost its glory and with popular usage the district came to be known as Medak.

It was also part of Kasavula-seventy region. In the history it was said as part of Andhol Rajyam

In 1956 during the re-organization of States, the Hyderabad State was trifurcated the nine pre-dominantly Telugu speaking districts of Mahbubnagar, Hyderabad, Medak, Nizamabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Warangal, Khammam and Nalgonda known as Telangana region were transferred to Andhra Pradesh. Major portions of predominantly Kannada speaking districts of Raichur, Gulbarga and Bidar were transferred to Karnataka State While Maratwada comprising the five districts of Aurangabad, Osmanabad, Bhir, Parbhani, Nanded and a portion of Bidar which is predominantly Marathi speaking was transferred to Maharashtra State. These changes were effected on 1st November 1956.

Medak District is bifurcated from Erstwhile Medak District, Headquarters at Sangareddy. According to G.O.M.S 239; Dt: 11-10-2016 by Government of Telangana. It is surrounded by Kamareddy, Siddipet and Sangareddy districts.

Traces of Neolithic and Megalithic culture was found at Edithanur and Wargal village hillocks in the district. Rock paintings were found at Edithanur boulders and Hastallapur rocks.

700 BC - 300 BC : Assaka/Asmaka/Ashmaka (The 16 Mahajanapadas)

300 BC - 185 BC : Mauryan Empire
Researchers have discovered a terracotta object containing Brahmi inscriptions written in the Prakrit language and in characters of the 3rd century BC on the bank of the Manjira river at Kulcharam in Medak district. The inscription reads “Devana” prefixed with a symbol of ‘Nandipada’.

The word indicates a part of the title of the great emperor Ashoka of the Maurya dynasty. History and Archaeology researcher MA Srinivasan and his team comprising of B Shankar Reddy, B Nagaraju and N Arun Kumar discovered this terracotta antiquity on the banks of the Manjira river.

Three Buddhist label inscriptions were also found in rock shelters just a kilometre away from the site where the antiquity was found. These inscriptions are in Prakrit language and Brahmi script of 1st BC - 1st century AD. They read as ‘Henamo Buddeya’, ‘Dhama’, ‘He jama’ and are found on the rock boulders.

230 BC – 220 AD : Satavahanas ( Were vassals of Mauryan Empire)
The excavations at Kondapur, located 15 km from Sangareddy and 60 km from Medak, have brought to light the remains of Satavahana dynasty and a few Buddhist structures.

The Kondapur Museum is maintained by the Archeological Survey of India. The Kondapur Museum contains about 8,100 antiquities at present. It houses the coins of the Satavahana kings which led some scholars to come to the conclusion that Kondapur was one of the thirty walled towns of the Satavahanas. There are the remains of Chaityas and Stupas indicating that Kondapur was once a great Buddhist center. Other things which were excavated and are on display include gold coin of the Roman Emperor Augustus (37 BC -14 AD), a few silver coins, bead pieces of terra cotta bangles, shell, ivory, copper and glass embossed with designs.

After the Satavahanas, the district passed under the sway of the Mahisha dynasty. Though as many as eighteen rulers ruled this district for a period of 383 years, only two rulers Mana and Yasa proved to be powerful. Mana broke the domination of the Satavahanas, assumed the title of ‘Rajan’ and reigned the kingdom to its splendor. He enjoyed the privilege of striking his own coins. One of his lead coins exhibited the characteristics of the coins belonging to the close of 2nd or beginning of the 3rd century. The rule of this dynasty came to an end with the rise of Chalukyas of Badami

250 AD - 500 AD : Vakataka Dynasty

500 AD - 543 AD : Kadamba Dynasty (West of Mahboobnagar, Ranga Reddy, Medak)

543 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas

753 AD - 982 AD : Rashtrakuta Dynasty

A team of Kotha Telangana Charitra Brundam led by Kolipaka Srinivas found rare sculptures belonging to Rashtrakuta style at Kamaram village in Chinnashankarampet mandal of Medak district on Tuesday. Three sculptures Saptamatrukas, Mahishasura Mardini, and Keshavamoorty were found on the village outskirts.

814 AD - 878 AD : Amoghavarsha I
Govinda III was succeeded by his son named Sarva, who is better known as Amoghavarsha. He took up the titles of Nripatunga, Maharajashanda, Vira-Narayana and Afisaya-dhavala.

From the Kyasanur inscription, bearing no date, it appears that Sankaraganda, a feudatory of Amogha- varsha, was the governor of Banavasi.

846 AD - 888 AD : Sankarganda I
25th September, 846 AD: Mallikarjuna Palli, Sadasivpet Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a slab in front of Mallikarjuna temple of the village. This inscription was badly worn out and damaged. It registers the gift of 12 marttars of land and one marttar of wetland as per rajamana, to the temple of Isvara of Piriya Pippari, by Kommana, lord of Panuravadi - 27000 while Sankaraganda was administering the area, after washing the feet of the priest Bankeya and another marttar of wetland in the same gramam as Siddhaya. It also registers the gift of land to the Jinalaya of Munipalle by Permmanadi Devaraya of Pippari. Vasudeva bhatara of Munipalle was the engraver.

888 AD : An inscription belonging to 888 AD was found on a rock at Mettugutta hillock at Kazipet. An archaeology and history enthusiast Sunil Samudrala found the inscription in Telugu script under the feet of an idol of the 15th Jain Tirthankara Dharmanatha, also known as Jino Brahama.

750 AD to 982 AD: Kakatiyas ruled as vassals to Rashrakuta.

967 AD : Bibbayya or Bibbarasa
15th April, A.D. 967 : Vendikole, Andole Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a slab laying before the Siva temple. The inscription records the gift of 12 marttars of land along with Siddhaya by the five gavundas named Padavala Bibbayya, Aychana, Revana, Banka Revana and Prabhu Bibbayya, to the god Adithya Deva of Endikol, with the permission of Bijjarasa of Kasugula. The gift was kept in the custody of Bhattaraka of Pundi.

973 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyas (Kalyani Chalukyas)
973 - 997 AD : Tailapa II
973 AD : Soma Permanadi I
Tailapa-II was one of the feudatories of the Rastrakutas and declared independence from Rashtrakutas after killing Karka and occupied his capital Manyakheta.

10th April, A.D. 973 : Koraprolu, Medak District.
This inscription is dated S. 895, Srimukha Vaisakha su. 5, Thursday. (A.D. 973, April 10). The king's feudatory, Mahamandalesvara Soma Permanadi was governing Koraprola in Kasavula-seventy from the capital Koraprola. The inscription records land grants to the god Bibbesvara constructed by his father Bibbarasa. This is the earliest record of the Chalukyas of Kalyana in Telangana as it is dated in the regnal year of Tailapa II, the founder of the Chalukya dynasty.

10th April, A.D. 973
: Kannada.This inscription is on a slab lying before Mahadeva Temple. The inscription records the gift of lands in the grama of Korapol, towards the daily rites of the god Bibbesvara, at the time of Consecration by Lakshmi Barasi, daughter of Bibbarasa. The said donor was the wife of Soma Permanadi, ruler of Kasavula-70. It also registered another gift of land by Pampa Permanadi, officer in the service of Trailokyamalladeva.Soma Permanadi, ruler of Kasavula-70, bears a string of birudas, one of which describes him as Ahavamallanankaakara.

988 AD : Kalayyarasar
21st February, 988 AD : Palpanuru, Narasapur Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a pillar in a field belonging to Narayana near the tank. The inscription is damaged. It seems to record a gift to a brahmana named Govana of Parapaluru by Kalayyarasar, ascetic.

993 AD : Death of Nagavarma Pandita
21st February, A.D. 993 : Devulapalli, Narasapur Taluk, Medak.
Kannada : This inscription is on a pillar outside the village in the bushes. It records the death of Nagavarma Pandita, a follower of Jaina faith and extols his greatness.

997 - 1008 AD : Satyasraya
1008 - 1015 AD : Vikramaditya V
1006 AD - 1017 AD : Gangayyarasa
1006 AD : Koduru, Medak District. : Chalukyas of Kalyana.
This inscription is on a pillar laying on the tankbund of the village. Registers the gift of the village Korur along with the open field and waste lands to Brahmalingibhatta belonging to Gangesvara of Pottlakere by Mahasamata Gangayyarasa when the king was camping at a place called Ravulakone. The grant was made in front of god Ramesvara of Polaparela. The inscription is installed by Bittyya of Gangarasa's family.

1009 AD : Elmal, Medak.
Engraved on a slab lying on the bund of the village tank and written in Kannada language and characters, the record is dated Saka 931 (AD 1009) and states that when the Chalukya king Irivabedemgadeva was staying in his transit camp Ravulakonde, mahasamanta Gangayyarasa made the grant of the village Kolur to the deity Ramesvara of Chelvarala-virriza on the day of Tula-samkranti. The gift is stated to have been entrusted to Gangesvarada- Brahmalimgibhatarar of Pottalakere, after leaving his feet.

14th May, 1016 AD : Singoor, Andole
This inscription is on a slab near the project house. The inscription registers the gift of Siddhaya from the lands measuring Kariyakeyya 13 mattar, Karamba 5, and one mattar of gadde land by Samkeyyanayaka to the god Devayya.

1017 AD : Vendicole, Medak.
Of the two Kannada inscriptions, on two different stones set up in the field outside the village, belonging to the Chalukya chief Irivabedemgadeva and dated 939, Parabhava corresponding to AD 1017, the first one records the grant of lands at Vendikola by Bijjeyyarasa to Soma-Jinalaya. The second inscription, registers the grant of lands at Vendlikola by Gangayyarasa to the deity Ramesavaradeva of Polparela-tintha. The gift was entrusted to the Jain pontiff Vimalachandrapanditabhattaraka of Soma-Jinalaya, for the merit of Somayyarasa.

1015 - 1042 AD : Jayasimha II1040 AD : Mahasamanta Bikkarasa
15th February, 1040 AD. : Akkaram, Gazvel
This inscription is on a pillar set up in the Mosque. The inscription records the gift of gadde land measuring 1000 marttars in the village Baliya Kurumariya-36 to Jnanesvara Pandita, after washing his feet at the instance of certain Ballavarasa, towards repairs and daily rites of the temple by Ayvabadevi, wife of mahasamanta Bikkarasa of Kollipaka.

1048 AD : Juvvi Reddi
21st April, 1048 AD : Rayaprolu, Gajwel TalukThis village is in Gajwel taluk, Medak district and is situated at a distance of about eight miles from its taluk headquarters. There is a big image of Ganesa outside the village and this inscription is engraved on a stone pillar erected near the Ganesa image.

The language of the inscription is Kannada and it is dated Saka 970 Sarvadhari Vaisakha Sukla 5, Thursday corresponding to A.D. 1048, April 21.

It records the construction of a mandapa to the Vinayaka by Juvvi Reddi son of a certain gavunda of the village Ravipolala. He also constructed another mandapa to a hero named Viravisipa Vallabha in the same village. There is no mention of any king who ruled over the region at that period.

21st April, 1048 AD : Rayapole, Gazvel
This inscription is on the Dhwaja Stambha slab in front of Ganesa temple. This inscription records the consecration of the god Vinayaka and construction of Hanumanta as well as satra choultry by Juvvi raddi, son of Huvinagavunda of Ravipola agrahara.

1014 AD - 1069 AD: Pampa Permadi or PermandadiNandikandi, Siddipet Taluk
23rd December 1014 AD : Kannada.
This inscription is on a slab in front of Ramalingeswara temple. The inscription registers the gift of vrittis from his bhattasvamya teja vritti land, by pampa Permmandi, towards the daily rites of the god Namesvara of Koduru, after washing the feet of Vakhyanadevara of Kiriyakandi, for the merit of prabhus Buyyanayya, Marajayya and Madikabbe.

This inscription is on a stone set up in front of the Dhvajastambha of the temple, dated S. 936; Nala, Uttarayana Samkranti, Thursday. [A.D. not verifiable, Ananda corresponds to S. 936 and Uttarayana Samkranti falls on Friday A.D. 1014 Dec. 24]. Records the gift of the village Kovuru to the god Namesvara after washing the feet of Vakhana (Vrishana ?) deva of Kiriya Kandi by Mahamandalesvara Pampa Permadi. A grant for feeding fifty Ascetics and students was also made by other chiefs.

Kohir, Medak District.
Chalukya of Kalyana.
Vikramaditya V and Bhuvanaikamalla (Somesvara II). : A.D. 1014 and A.D. 1050-51.
Kannada.
This inscription is on four sides of a slab built into the Virasangayya-katta. The same king also dated saka 991 refers to Pampa-permanadi as a subordinate of the king. The Nandikandi and Kolkur records (A.R. Ep., 1960-61, B 94 and B 91) dated Saka 936 (1014 A.D.) and Saka 972 (1050-51 A.D.), respectively refer to a Pampa-permanadi as a feudatory of Vikramaditya V and Somesvara I. If Pampa-permanad of our record is identical with his namesake mentioned in the other two epigraphs then we may have to suppose that he held the office for a long period of 55 years. Veltur also refers to mahapradhana Pampa-permanadi and gives the name of his wife as Jakkaladevi. The details pertaining to the king and date are lost, the record being unfortunately fragmentary.

17th February A.D. 1048 AD : Gorrekal, Andole
This inscription is on a pillar lying in the village. The inscription registers the gift of land measuring 20 marttars of gadde. variety, within his fief [tammasvamya] in Goragavola, after making it free from all obstacles, by Nagadevayya, lord of Budapura agrahara to Kanaka- Prithvi deva disciple of Kirtti Siddhanta bhattaraka, after washing his feet, towards the maintenance of a basadi. The said land lay within the fief of the agrahara. The said agrahara was included in Kasavaula-70 and the ruler of the fief was Pampa Permanadi.

1064 AD : Soma Permanadi II

20th December, A.D. 1064. : Antwar, Narayankhed, Medak
Telugu and Kannada.
This inscription begins with the usual prasasti of the Western Chalukyas and also that while Somesvara I Trailokyamalla was ruling, mentions his fedatory, maha mandalesvara Somapermanadi, who probably made a grant. Details of the grant are not clear.

1065 AD : Asagamarasa

1065 AD : Mulugu, Medak.
the Saka year 987, the record refers to Asgamarasa with the title mahamandelaswara.

1069 AD : Padavala Chavundamayya

1069 AD : Kohir, Zaheerabad TalukThis inscription is in forsides of a slab built into the Virasangayya-katta. Lower portion of the slab is broken and lost. Seems to register a gift to a basadi constructed by padavala Chavundamayya a disciple of Subhachandra-siddhantadeva. Refers to Pampapermanadi who was a subordinate of the king.

1121 AD : General Gandadandadhisvara ruling from Lattalur-pura, once the capital of Rashtrakutas

Minpur, Andole Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a slab behind the old dilapidated School of the Village. Damaged. The inscription records the gift of one Pannasa of land to Brahmasakti Bhattaraka, a resident of Dhammadriparvata by the king, for performing Upavasa rites.

In 1158 CE, the Silaharas from the North and Hoysalas from the South attacked and finally extinguished
the Chalukyas.

The Silaharas of Vijayapura or BijapurThey call themselves kopanapuravaradhisvara or Tagaranagaradhisvara residing in the district of Tardavadi Thousand and most of them enjoyed the status of Mahamandalesvara under the Chalukyas of Kalyana, the Kalachuryas and the Yadavas

1098 AD - 1136 : Mallarasa
6th December, 1098 AD : Vijadnagar, Banswada
It records the gift of land for the maintenance of the daily routine of the temple Sayirabada. The gift was placed in the custody of Rudrasakti, the priest of Nakhareswara temple of Podana. The administrative division Sayirabada might be the same as Sabbisayira known already through several Kalyana Chalukya and Kakatiya inscriptions.

20th December 1098 AD : Wajidnagar, Bichkunda Mandal
This inscription is on a pillar near the tankbund. The inscription records the gift of 10 marttars of land for the worship and daily rites as well as repairs of the temple of Somanatha by mahamandalesvara Kalicorarasar, lord of Amaravati Pura, after washing the feet of Rudrasakti Pandita, on the occasion of Uttarayana Sankranti. It also mentions the names of officers viz., Prabhu dandanayaka Simgarasa, Heggade Nagadeva nayaka of the lord (Prabhu) Mallarasa.

10th March, 1134 AD : Bheemgal.
This inscription is on a pillar near ruined Sivalayam. Records the gift of 8 marttars of Kariya (Black soil) and tota (garden land) towards the daily rites of the god Kesavadeva by Preggade Nagavarma who was in the service of mahamandalesvara Mallarasar.

1140 AD : Bodhan
This inscription is on a slab near a water tank. Mentions a certain Aliya Mallarasaru, Son-in-law of Eravarasa. It refers to some gift made by Mallarasaru to the god Siddhesvara of D[h]ronapalli. The gift particulars are not worn out.

1136 AD - 1140 AD : Soma Permadi
15th November, 1137 AD : Desaipet, Banswada Mandal
This inscription is on a stone slab in the courtyard of the Somesvara temple. The inscription registers some gift to the Jaina ascetic Balacamdradeva, after washing his feet by Dhumappa, towards maintenance of the Jaina basadi, while mahamandalesvara Soma Permadi was ruling.

30th July A.D. 1139 : Velupugonda, Andole Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a pillar lying in a field outside the village. The inscription records the gift of lands towards the daily rites of the god Mailaradevara of Velupugonda situated in the unit Kusuva-73 falling within Savalakke by Savi Permmanadi in the 2nd regnal year of Jagadekamalla.

1145 AD : Pampa Permadi
1145 AD : Neradigunta, Andole Taluk, Medak
This inscription is on a pillar in the burial ground. The inscription registers the gift of land towards the daily rites of the god Somanathadevara and for feeding the mendicants, by the prabhus of Neradugumte, by Pamparasa, son of Kasula Soma Permmaḍiyarasa and Gundamanika Ahavamallaraja. The gift was handed over to the sthanapati of the temple and Nakhara. Also registers the gift of land measuring one marttar by Pochisetti. Cash donations as well as land were also made by Potisetti to the god Somanatha Deva.

1145 AD : Neredigunta, Andol Mandal, Medak.
This inscription, engraved on four sides of a pillar lying in the field of one Sangamnesvara Reddy in the village, is written in Kannada language and characters. Dated in the eighth regnal year of Jagadekamalla II (A.D. 1145), it records the gift of one matter of land located at the beginning of the western canal of Pampasamudra for providing food offerings and to meet other expenses of the festivities in the months of Kartika and Vaisakha. A portion of money out of the income accrued from the sales made outside by the nakharas, a garden and V2 matter of land were gifted to the temple of Somanatha Deva by aseshaprabhus of Neredugunte. The gift was made at the instructions of mahamandalesvara Permadi and mahamandalesvara Gundamanika Ahavamallarasa.

1152 AD : Soma Permanadi III
4th August A.D. 1152 : Dakur, Andole Taluk, MedakThis inscription is on a stone slab in front of Veerabhadra swamy temple. The inscription registers the gift of gadde land in the catchment area of the tank Appakabbe Kereya with yielding capacity in Kartika and Vaisakha months measuring 2 marttars, 20 marttars, 12 marttars of Karamba land in the village Rodanahalu, one mattar of flower garden and 15 house plots in the village, towards the daily rites of the god Mayilalesvara by the Prabhus of Dakuru and to the god Bijjesvara by Somapermmanadi.

1152 AD : Pereya Mallarasa
4th June, 1152 AD : Jukkal
Nurmmadi Trailokyamalla (Tailapa-III)
It is on a pillar in front of Hanuman temple. This inscription registers the gift of 20 and 12 marttars of land for the daily offerings and perpetual burning of the lamp to the gods Bijjesvaradeva and Nandi Betesvaradeva by mahamandalesvara Pereya Mallarasaru, during the reign of Trailokyamalladeva identifiable with Tailapa III.

1158 AD - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty

Chalukya Pochigadevaraja
Singoor, Andole Taluk, Medak.
This inscription is on a slab near the project house. The inscription records the gift of 10 marttars of regadu land as Vrtti (tenure) to the god Svamideva by a certain Chalukya Pochigadevaraja.

1323 AD - 1336 AD : Tughlaq Dynasty

1325 AD – 1368 AD : Musunuri Nayaks1325 AD - 1333 AD : Prolaya Nayaka
Kolani Rudradeva and Annaya Mantri were patriotic people who were capable of uniting the Nayak chieftains. They chose a valiant Nayak as their leader, Musunuri Prolayanayak or 'Prolaaneedu; and he was known for being a bold warrior.

1333 AD - 1368 AD : Kapaya Nayaka
Kapaya Nayaka led a larger rebellion against the Tughluq rule, driving it out of Warangal in 1336. According to the Kaluvacheru grant of Anithalli, a female member of the Panta Reddi clan in 1423, Kapaya Nayaka was assisted by 75 Nayakas. The grant also states that Prolaya Vema Reddi was one among these 75 Nayakas.

Kapaya Nayaka took control of Warangal from Malik Maqbul or Mala Yugandharudu in 1336 and thus also of a wider swathe of eastern Telangana that was governed from there. He also tried to support other rebels in the surrounding areas, although in the case of aid given to Alauddin Bahman Shah, the outcome was that his fellow rebel turned on him. Several military engagements with Bahman Shah followed over a period of years, during which Kapaya Nayaka had to cede various forts and territories, including Golconda (near modern Hyderabad).

1350 AD - 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate / Kingdom (1347 AD - 1527 AD)
Founder : Zafar Khan or Hasan Gangu or Allauddin Hassan or Ala-ud-Din Bahman ShahCapitals : Kalaburgi /Aḥsanabad now Gulbarga (1347–1425), Muhammadabad now Bidar (1425–1527)
Religion: Sunni Islam
Languages : Persian, Marathi, Deccani Urdu, Telugu, Kannada

1350 - Feb 11, 1358 A.D : Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (Aug 3, 1347 to Feb 11, 1358)
1350 : Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal in 1350 and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress of Kaulas, who entered into treaty and became friend of Sikandar and loyal to the King.

11th February 1358 to 21st April 1375 A.D : Muhammad Shah-I
He is better known as organizer of Bahmani Kingdom and founder of its institutions.

March 23, 1363 : His attack on Warangal in 1363 brought him a large indemnity, including the important fortress of Golkonda and his Silver throne from his father was replaced by the magnificent Takht-e-Firoza (Turquoise Throne) presented by Kapaya Nayak, which thereafter became the throne of the Bahmani kings.

1368 AD - 1383 AD : Recherla Anavotha nayaka (1361 AD - 1383 AD)
Capital : Rachakonda
1368 AD : Recherla Cheif Anapota Nayaka of Rachakonda defeated and killed Kapaya Nayaka. After avenging their father, Anapota I and Mada I attacked Musunuri Kapaya Nayaka for the control of Warangal fort, they defeated and killed him at Bhimavaram battle in 1368 AD.

19th January A.D. 1380 : Rayavaram, Gazvel
This inscription is on a pillar set up near the Rama temple, dated Saka 1301, Siddharthi, Madhava masa raka tithi, Sura guruvara=Thursday, 19th January, A.D. 1380. The inscription records the excavation of a tank called Rayasamudra for the use of the people. The composer of the inscription was Pochanarayya of the Bharadwaja Gotra.

21st April 1375 - 16th April 1378 A.D : Mujahid Shah

April 16, 1378 - May 21, 1378 AD : Daud Shah I

May 21, 1378 - April 20, 1397 A.D : Muhammad Shah-ll

April 20, 1397 - June 14, 1397 AD : GHIYAS-UD-DIN TAHMATAN SHAH

June 14, 1397 AD - Nov 15, 1397 AD : SHAMS-UD-DIN DAUD SHAH II

Nov 16, 1397 - Sep 22, 1422 A.D : Feroz Shah Bahmani or TAJ-UD-DIN FIROZ SHAH
1418 AD : A Telugu inscription in Tellapur of Medak district dating back to Saka 1340 (1418 AD), engraved on a stone slab kept in between two big pillars outside the village refers to Phirojashah Sultan.

It records construction of a step-well (nadabavi) with a provision for a water-drawing device (etamu) in the Telumganapura by Nagoju and Layyaloju, descendants of Visva-karmarishi and Valla-bhoju, gift of a mango garden situated on the north of a tank by Nagoju and the presentation of a golden chain and a medal to Phiro-jashah Sultan (Surat-rana) by Layyaloju.

Nagoju's elder son Konddaminidi Maloju and his sons Nagoju , Ayyaloju and Vallabhoju. The relationship between Nagoju and Pochoju is not mentioned clearly. Further Konddamindi Malloju's son Nagoju is stated in this inscription as the ' Kuladīpaka '

Mayiloju
Pochoju
Nagoju
Konddamindi Malloju
Nagoju , Ayyaloju and Vallabhoju

Sep 22, 1422 - Apr 17, 1436 A.D : Ahmad Shah I or SHIHAB-UD-DIN AHMAD I

Anna
Wife : Mallamamba
Brothers : Mallaya, Vennaya and Kacha of Yaduvamsa
Sons : Nagaya, Kasavya and Machaya.

Nagaya
Wife : Nagamamba.
Sons : Kachana, Pannaya and Limga

Apr 17, 1436 - May 6, 1458 : Ahmad Shah II or ALA-UD-DIN AHMAD II
Wife : Kasavamba daughter of Recherla Pannaya Nayaka
Daughter : Jayi
1453 AD : Recherla Pannaya Nayaka
19th March, A.D. 1453 : Darpalli, Ramayampet, Medak
It records the excavation of a tank in the village Darapalli named Pamnasamudram, evidently named after the Chief Pamna, ruling from Devadripattana.

20th March, A.D. 1453 : Darapalli, RamayampetThe record introduces a new line of family members, probably scions of the Recharla family. According to the inscription, certain Annasauri, who was an embodiment of all virtues, has four brothers viz. Mallaya, Venna, Kacha and Anavota. Among them Anna Suri was the eldest and had 3 sons through his wife Mallamamba. Namely Nagaya, Kachaya and Machana. Among them, Nagaya had 3 sons viz. Katcha, Pannaya and Linga through his wife Akkamamba. Among them Pannaya was attributed with more titles of virtue which closely resemble those of Recherla vamsa chiefs of Rachakonda and Devarakonda. Pannaya had a daughter by name Kasavamba, who was an embodiment of all virtues and had a beautiful face which resembled the Moon. The record also mentions that Kasavamba married Sultan Allauddin and acquired the status of the queen. It is interesting that a hindu princess married a Sultan, that too from a ruling family during the late mediaeval period. She had a daughter by name Jayi who excavated a canal in the vicinity of the village Daripalli for the merit of all human beings and for the merit of her maternal grandfather. The text was composed by the poet Praudha Bharati.

1509 AD – 1529 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty) - Krishna Deva Raya Rule

1518 AD – 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis

Papannapet Samsthanam
Ali Jah rose in revolt against his father Nizam Ali Khan, the second Asaf Jah, with the help of Sadasiva Reddy the Medak Jagirdar. Nizam Ali Khan despatched Raymond, a french Commander to proceed against the rebels and subdue them. The Nizam’s army came and pitched their tents at the village of `Chickrin’ and Sadasiva Reddy also went to that place at the head of an army not to fight but to offer his submission. He was, however, suspected and captured while attending the durbar., In the meanwhile, Ali Jah died and Medak was granted to Raymond. Though there was a protest by the British against this grant, no attention was paid to this protest and Raymond took possession of Medak and other areas held by Sadasiva Reddy and he had to pay sixteen lakhs of rupees annually as rent for these areas. This arrangement continued until the death of Raymond in 1798.

Sep 17, 1948 - Oct 31, 1956 : Hyderabad State, India.
25th December 1924 : Medak Cathedral was constructed by Reverend Charles Walker Posnett to feed the poor during famine. From 1914 to 1924 the farmers toiled to erect the church and Thomas Edward Harding, the architect, left no stone unturned in building the cathedral.

1 November, 1956 - 1 June, 2014 : Andhra Pradesh State, India

2 June, 2014 : Telangana

Musunuri Nayaks

1325 AD - 1368 AD : Musunuri Nayaks

Founder : Prolaya Nayaka

Capitals: Rekhapalli (Bhadrachalam), Warangal,

Father: Pochi / Pochaya Nayaka

Brothers: Raja nayaka, Kamma nayaka and Deva nayaka

Musunuri Nayaks were warrior clans, who were a part of the Kakatiya army which had regained Telangana in the year 1326. Prior to this, the Delhi Sultanate had occupied this area. Kaapaneedu and Musunuri Prolaneedu were known to be famous Musunuri Nayaks. 'Prolaya' and 'Kapaya' belonged to the Musunuri family, particularly to the clan of 'Durjaya'.

Musunuri Nayakas were the first to raise the banner of revolt against the new rulers imposed from Delhi. The erstwhile Kakatiya empire was administratively divided into 77 Nayankaras; each under the control of a Nayaka. Most of them fought under Prataparudra against the Delhi armies and lost their lives. Among the few survivors were Induluru Anna Mantri, Kolani Rudradeva, Recharla Singama and Prolaya Vema Reddi of Addanki etc. All of them joined hands under the leadership of Prolaya Nayak, ‘the Kamma chieftain of Musunuru in Nuzvidu area of the present-day Krishna district.’8 He in turn was supported by his three uncles namely Deva Nayaka, Kama Nayaka and Raja Nayaka, and also his cousin, Kapaya Nayak. His strategy was based on guerrilla attacks launched from inaccessible place called Rekapalli in Bhadrachalam forests. He was able to gain control of the delta region between Godavari and Krishna. In 1332 CE, he died without an issue and was succeeded by his cousin, Kapaya Nayak.

Kapaya Nayak carried forward the movement initiated by Prolaya Nayak. He carried on negotiations with the neighbouring rulers like Ballala-III of Dwarasamudra and the chieftains of the Warangal region. In 1336-37 CE, he recaptured the Warangal fort by defeating the occupying army. “As the Governor, Malik Maqbool fled to Delhi, Kapaya Nayak entered the fort and made Warangal his capital. He was reportedly served by the traditional 75 Nayakas of the erstwhile Kakatiya Imperium.

A nayaka or chieftain of that time period usually administered and ruled a regional area for an Empire, in this case for the Kakatiyas.

The Kakatiya kingdom of Pratapa Rudra was taken care of by 'Nayaks', who were the 75 warrior chieftains. They were known for their courage and their services, especially during times of emergency. Numerable Nayak chiefs were defeated and consequently had converted to the religion of Islam. However, some of these chiefs were also returned as governors. Bukka and Harihara were amongst such Nayak chiefs and they had founded the kingdom of Vijayanagara at the area of Hampi.

In 1323, following the defeat of Warangal, the forts at Kolanuveedu, Kondapalli, Nellore, Nidadavole, Kondaveedu and Rajahmundry were captured by the Muslim armies. The kingdoms of Kampili, Hoysala and Madhura in Tamil Nadu were also included as territories of the Delhi Sultanate. Ulugh Khan occupied the Delhi throne after assuming the name of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq.

1325 AD - 1333 AD : Prolaya Nayaka
Kolani Rudradeva and Annaya Mantri were patriotic people who were capable of uniting the Nayak chieftains. They chose a valiant Nayak as their leader, Musunuri Prolayanayak or 'Prolaaneedu; and he was known for being a bold warrior. Pochi nayaka was the father of Prolaya nayaka. Raja nayaka, Kamm a nayaka and Deva nayaka were the three brothers of Prolaya nayaka.

Musunuri Kaapaaneedu was Devanayaka's son and was a confidante of Prolaya. Prolaya was also assisted by some of his cousins and played a significant role in uniting the Nayaks. Prolaya motivated the Nayaks to protect their Hindu Dharma. Vundi Vengabhupathi, Manchikonda Ganapatinayaka, Recherla Singamanayaka, Koppula Prolayanayaka and Addanki Vemareddy were some of the most illustrious Nayaks.

By the year 1326, Warangal was freed by the armies of the Nayaks after the Muslims were overthrown from their empire, in Telangana. Several inscriptions explained the victories of Prolaya. Prolaya's cousins reconstructed old temples, strengthened the forts, and offered rich gifts to Brahmins. They patronised literature and arts. The Musunuri Nayaks were said to have aided numerous rulers to attain freedom from the Delhi Sultanate. The Hoysala king had joined the Musunuri Nayaks in their efforts to liberate the region of Telangana and Warangal fort from the Muslim invaders.

Prolaya Nayaka left no children and was succeeded by his brother Devanayaka son Kapaya Nayaka.

1333 AD - 1368 AD : Kapaya Nayaka

Kapaya Nayaka led a larger rebellion against the Tughluq rule, driving it out of Warangal in 1336. According to the Kaluvacheru grant of Anithalli, a female member of the Panta Reddi clan in 1423, Kapaya Nayaka was assisted by 75 Nayakas. The grant also states that Prolaya Vema Reddi was one among these 75 Nayakas.

Kapaya Nayaka took control of Warangal from Malik Maqbul or Mala Yugandharudu in 1336 and thus also of a wider swathe of eastern Telangana that was governed from there. He also tried to support other rebels in the surrounding areas, although in the case of aid given to Alauddin Bahman Shah, the outcome was that his fellow rebel turned on him. Several military engagements with Bahman Shah followed over a period of years, during which Kapaya Nayaka had to cede various forts and territories, including Golconda (near modern Hyderabad).

Decline of Musunuri Nayaks

The Recherla Vema Nayaks who were spearheaded by Singama had plundered Addanki, which was ruled by Vema Reddy. However, Singama could not achieve his goals as Vema Reddy, along with Kaapaya fought in unison against him. Kaapaya also helped the Bahmani ruler to thwart the attack planned by the Delhi Sultanate.

1350: Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal in 1350 and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress of Kaulas.

1355: Ala-ud-Din Hasan Bahman Shah attacked Telangana with a much larger army and conquered some forts, which involved Bhuvanagiri. Vinayaka Deva, the son of Kaapaya was sent to free the fort of Bhuvanagiri and Kaulas form the Muslims. He was being helped by Bukka Raya, the king of Vijayanagar. However, eventually he was killed in a disastrous manner.

1356 : Mohammed Shah had attacked Telangana again and captured Warangal and Golconda.

March 23, 1363: Kaapaya was compelled to offer the precious turquoise throne of warangal, along with a generous amount of tribute to Mohammed Shah.

1364: Warangal was ceded by the Musunuri Kapaya Naidu to the Bahmani Sultanate as part of a treaty in 1364.

1368 : Recherla Nayakas Anavotha nayaka, son of Singama nayaka along with his brother Mada nayaka, fought several battles with the Kondaveeti Reddy rulers and Vijayanagara rulers. He also killed the Musunuri ruler Kapaya nayaka in 1368. He conquered the Warangal, Panagallu and Bhuvanagiri forts and took the title of “Tribhuvana Rayarao’.

http://www.indianetzone.com/68/musunuri_nayaks.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musunuri_Nayak

https://medium.com/@Satya_Sastry/musunuri-nayaks-history-ea0a34c035f4

Karimnagar District History

The city was named after Syed Karimuddin, who is thought to be its founder. The district lies approximately between the latitudes 17° 50' and 19° 05'N and longitudes 78° 29' and 80° 22'E.

Karimnagar district is bounded by Madhya Pradesh State in the east, Nizamabad district in the West, Warangal and Medak districts in the South and Adilabad district in the North directions.

Karimnagar area in old times is part of Sabbinadu.

Sabbi-nadu is mentioned in the mediaeval inscriptions and early Telugu literary works. The Parbhani plates Vemulawada Chalukya ruler Arikesari III, dated S. 888 (A.D. 996) registers the gift of Kuttum-vritti Vanikatupalu in the Repaka-12 in the Sabbi-Sayira (1000) district. The Western Chalukya Vikramaditya VI conferred on the Kakatiya chief Beta II Sabbi-Thousand as an appanage. An inscription of the time Kakati Rudra dated S. 1092 (A.D. 1170) mentions Nagarur in Sabbi-nadu. Madiki Singana, in the introduction to his Padmapurana-Uttarkhandam, states that his patron Muppa Mahipala was ruling from his capital Ramagiri-pattana over Sabbi-nadu, situated on the southern bank of the Gautami (Godavari) that Veligandla Kesana, the commander army, built temple for the god Vishnu in Ramagiri and set up a satra (free feeding house) and celebrated festivals of god Nrisimha in Dharmapuri. The places Repaka, Nagarur, Ramagiri Dharmapuri mentioned above are all found in the present Karimnagar district, parts, if not the whole, of which must have corresponded to the sabbi-Thousand district of ancient Telingana.

700 BC - 300 BC : Assaka/Asmaka/Ashmaka (The 16 Mahajanapadas)

300 BC - 185 BC : Mauryan Empire

230 BC – 220 AD : Satavahanas ( Were vassals of Mauryan Empire)

Kotilingala in Karimnagar district was the first capital of the Satavahana Kingdom.

220 AD - 250 AD :Ikshvaku Tribe

250 AD - 500 AD : Vakataka Dynasty

500 AD - 543 AD : Vishnukundins

543 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas

753 AD - 982 AD : Rashtrakuta Dynasty
750 AD to 996 AD : Vemulavada Chalukyas (vassals to Rashtrakuta Dynasty) ruled Karimnagar and Nizamabad.

996 AD : The Parbhani plates Vemulawada Chalukya ruler Arikesari III, dated S. 888 (A.D. 996) registers the gift of Kuttum-vritti Vanikatupalu in the Repaka-12 in the Sabbi-Sayira (1000) district.

Arikesari III was the last known ruler of the Vemulavada Chalukya dynasty of present-day Telangana, India. He was a vassal of the Rashtrakuta king Krishna III

968 AD to 982 AD: Kakatiyas ruled as vassals to Rashrakuta.
1076 AD - 1108 AD: Beta II (Tribhuvana Malla)

982 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyas (Kalyani Chalukyas)

1011 AD - 1058 AD : maha samantha Padmanabhayya
Durki, Banswada
Beginning of the inscription lost. It mentions a certain maha samantha and maha prachanda Padmanabhayya. Grant portion damaged. Mentions Gavundas and Ganuga Sunka (levy on oil mill).

1011 AD : Padmanabhayya was in charge of Lombulike-Seventy at the time of the issue of this inscription and the one issued in Saka 933.Chilkur appears to have been the headquarters of this division since a subsequent inscription dated A.D 1096 of the time of Vikramaditya VI clearly states that this Chilkur was the capital (rajadhani) of the Lombulike-seventy

24th December A.D. 1052 : Narasingapuram, Karimnagar District.
The record belongs to the reign of the Western Chalukya king Ahavamalla Somesvara I who ruled from A D. 1042 to 1068.

The inscription registers the gift consisting of 40 gold gadyanas, remission of tax on perika in the grama of Marpugonda, one punasa of wetland along with 100 ratanas and 2 mattars of garden land as Nandanavana, and 15 mattars of Kisukadu situated to the north of the grama Suvipaka included within Atukuru-70 of Sabbi-1000 by Chamaraja, a Mahajana and the Lord of Suvupaka agrahara and his wife Sri Marakabbe, to the temple of the god Trailokya Narayana, built by them and named after their overlord Somesvara I Trailokyamalla. The gift was made by the assembly of the Mahajengs for the purpose, headed by Chamaraja and Revaraja. To this the residents of the four sthanas of Arangaluru. Vachhanuru and Suvipaka were made witnesses.

The record was engraved by Padmanabhayya and composed by Narayana.

982 AD - 1158 : Kakatiyas, ruled as vassals to Kalyani Chalukyas and started ruling over a small territory comprising the southern portion of modern-day Warangal district, and parts of neighboring Karimnagar district with Anumakonda (Hanumakonda) as capital.

1087 AD : Matturi Mallaya

1087 AD : Utturu, Karimnagar.

This inscription is in Telugu poetry containing an Utpalamala, a Champakamala and a Mattebha. It is dated after the expiry of 1008 Saka years corresponding to A.D. 1087. Other particulars regarding cyclic year and the day are not mentioned.

It records a gift of seven putlu (plural form of putti) of land to Gamgarasi Pandita by Malla of the Matturi family. He also grants one Khanduvu of land for the burning of a perpetual lamp (probably to God Mallesa) and two marturs of land for the oblations to Mallesa. The donor Malla has an epithet `Bharata vira pratapa' which may mean that he is as valorous as the heroes of Mahabharata. The last portion in prose records some lands to Samka deva and Uttareswara devara. The usual imprecatory verses beginning with svadattam etc.. at the end are missing.

1089 AD : Matturi Sabbinayaka

1089 AD : Utturu, Karimnagar.

This inscription in Telugu prose is dated Saka 1011 (A.D. 1089). It records a gift of some land and duba kunta, probably a small tank, to Kesava Bhatta on the occasion of a Solar eclipse by Matturi Sabbingyaka. The grant was made at Eleswaram. Sabbinayaka might have visited Eleswaram on pilgrimage at the time of the solar eclipse and performed this religious charity at that holy place.

This Sabbinayaka also might have had some relation with Mattūri Mallaya of the inscription from Punnavolu, Warangal District.

Polavasa chiefs were based immediately north of the Kakatiya territories. They ruled over most of Karimnagar district and the northern part of Warangal district from their capital at Polavasa, which is the modern-day Polas in Jagtial taluk. The Polavasa chiefs were subordinates of the Western Chalukyas, but revolted against their overlords during the early 12th century. However, they were eventually subdued by King Jagadekamalla II.

1158 AD - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty

1323 AD - 1325 AD : Tughlaq Dynasty

1325 AD – 1350 AD : Musunuri Nayaks

1350 AD – 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate

1509 AD – 1529 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty) - Krishna Deva Raya Rule

1518 AD – 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis

Adilabad District History

Adilabad derives its name from the erstwhile ruler of Bijapur, Muhammad Yusuf Adil Shah

First named some time before the 10th century as Edulabad or Edlawada 'Land of Oxen' in Telugu.

Bommalagutta Inscription: Adilabad was referred to as Bellalam, Sircilla as Sidhasila, Vangapalle was referred to as Vangaparru and Nedikonda as Nidumgonna.

Before that, this place was under the rule of Asaf Jahis, Rashtrakutas, Chalukyas, and the Gond kings of Sirpur and Chanda. This further points to the larger population of Gonds in the area.

It lies on the border of both central and southern India which made the region vulnerable to attacks and invasions from both sides. As a result, the modern history of Adilabad is an interesting amalgamation of the Marathi and Telugu cultures. The local population of Adilabad follows traditions that are a mix of the two cultures, but these traditions have now become an integral part of the daily lives of the people. Also, the Bengali, Rajasthani and Gujarati cultures have found prevalence in the area.

Originally this was not full fledged district but a sub-district named Sirpur-Tandur which was created in A.D. 1872 with Edlabad (Adilabad), Rajura and Sirpur as its consistuents talukas. In 1905 the status of this sub-district was raised to that of an independent district with head quarters at Adilabad. Further in 2016, The Adilabad district is re organized in to 4 districts namely Adilabad,Nirmal,Mancherial and KumramBheem Asifabad Districts.

Adilabad has a colorful history considering that it was the place ofconvergence for many cultures and religions. The region also enjoys the distinction of having been ruled by many north Indian dynasties that include the Mauryas, Bhonsle Rajas of Nagpur and the Mughals.

Adilabad was also part of the south Indian rulers belonging to dynasties of Satavahanas, Vakatakas, Rashrakutas, Kakatiyas, Chalukyas and Imad Shahis of Berar. The reason behind this is the geographical location of the town.

Adilabad gained maximum prominence during the time of the Mughals. Aurangzeb appointed an officer from his administration known as the Viceroy of Deccan, to take care of his kingdom down south. Under the reign of Aurangzeb, the region developed into a major financial and business hub. The town conducted import and export of spices, cloth and other products with neighbouring towns and cities and even with places as far as Delhi. Aurangzeb ensured that the economy of this region of Deccan was taken care of. He did so because he knew that in order to be recognised as the Emperor of India, he had to keep the Adilabad region of south India under his control.

The economic condition of Adilabad was in a good position, but all this was to be changed when the East India Company came to Deccan. The Nizam traded Adilabad and the surrounding areas for money. During the 1860 revolt the people of Adilabad, under the leadership of Ramji Gond, revolted against this barter. Again in the 1940s the region of Adilabad played an important role in India’s struggle for complete independence.

c.700 BC - c. 300 BC : Asmaka (One of the 16 Mahajanapadas)
Founder : Unknown (Believed to be Asmaka)
Capitals : Potana or Potali or Paudanya of Mahabharata or today's Bodhan.
Languages : Prakrit
Religion : Budhism, Jainism, Hinduism

c.300 BC - 232 BC : Mauryan Empire (322 BC –185 BC)
Founder : Chandragupta Maurya (320 BC - 298 BC)
Capital : Pataliputra
Languages : Prakrit
Religion : Budhism, Jainism, Brahmanism

c. 232 BC - c. 208 AD : Pre-Satavahana and Satavahana Dynasty

Satavahana Dynasty
Founder : Simuka
Languages : Prakrit, Sanskrit, Telugu
Religion : Budhism, Jainism, Hinduism

c. 340 - 477 A.D : Vakataka Dynasty (250 AD - 500 AD)
Founder : Vindhyashakti (250 AD - 270 AD)
Capitals : Vatsagulma, the present day Washim in Maharashtra.
Languages : Maharashtri Prakrit, Sanskrit
Religion : Budhism, Hinduism

c.550 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas (543 AD - 753 AD)
Founder : Pulakeshin I
Capitals : Badami
Languages : Kannada, Sanskrit
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism

753 AD - 973 AD : Rashtrakuta Dynasty
Founder : Dantidurga Capitals : Manyakheta
Languages : Kannada, Sanskrit
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism

973 AD - 1158 AD : Western Chalukyas / Kalyani Chalukyas (973 AD - 1189 AD)
Founder : Tailapa II Capitals : Manyakheta, Kalyani (Basavakalyan in Bidar , Karnataka)
Languages : Kannada, Sanskrit
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism

1158 AD - 1323 AD : Kakatiya Dynasty
Founder : Venna
Capitals : Anumakonda(Hanumakonda), Orugallu / Ekasilanagara (Warangal)
Languages : Telugu, Sanskrit, Kannada
Religion : Jainism, Hinduism (Saivism)

c. 1323 AD - 1750 A.D: Sirpur-Chanda Gond Dynasty of Gondwana KingdomFounder : Kol Bhill or Kol Bheel or Kolkhil
Capitals : Sirpur (modern Komaram Bheem Asifabad district, Telangana), Ballarsha, Chanda (Chandrapur district, Maharashtra)
Languages : Gondi language is known as ‘Koyator’ among Gonds. Southern Gondi, Adilabad Gondi, Northern Gondi, Aheri Gondi are variants of the language.
Religion : Brahmanical Hinduism or Cult of the Persa Pen (clan deities); ancestor spirit worship
Royal Emblem : Lion and Elephant
Family Name: Singh, Shah
Sirpur-Chanda Gond Kingdom flourished along with Kakatiyas, Mususnuru, Recharla Padmanayakas, Bahmani, Golkonda, Moghul and Asaf-Jahi dynasties.

1350 AD - 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate (1347 AD - 1527 AD)
Founder : Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
Capital : Daulatabad, Gulbarga

1518 AD - 1686 AD : Adil Shahi dynasty or Bijapur Sultanate (1490 AD - 1686 AD)

Founder : Yusuf Adil Shah

Capital : Bijapur

Languages : Persian (Official), Deccani Urdu, Persian, Marathi, Telugu

1558 AD - 1579 AD : Ali Adil Shah I

Adilabad is named after Ali Adil Shah I

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
1798 : Hyderabad became the first Indian royal state to accede to British protection under the policy of Subsidiary Alliance instituted by Arthur Wellesley.

1872 AD : Originally this was not full fledged district but a sub-district named Sirpur-Tandur which was created in A.D. 1872 with Edlabad (Adilabad), Rajura and Sirpur as its consistuents talukas.

1905 AD : In 1905 the status of this sub-district was raised to that of an independent district with head quarters at Adilabad.

2016 AD : Further in 2016, The Adilabad district is re organized in to 4 districts namely Adilabad,Nirmal,Mancherial and KumramBheem Asifabad Districts.

The chain of tank system is a wonderful innovation of Nirmal kings.Its catchment area is from the Mahaboobghat on the sahyadri hills and about 13km away from the main town.The cyphons were used to control the flow of water to different tanks.The scientific advancement in connecting water tanks and diverting water is highly applaudable and a book can be written on this single subject.The connected tanks are Bangalpet tank, Ramraobagh tank, kurannapet tank, manjulapur tank, alur tank, etc.Finally the excess water disposses into the swarna river .The advantages of this system is that catchment area is extended, water storage capacity increased there by ground water table increased,Agricultural , flora and fauna development took place,floods can be controlled and wastage of water is controlled.

The nizam period has witnessed the development of infrastucure to certain extent.soan bridge was constructed over the river Godavari. It was the one the earliest bridges in India. He also constructed a barrage at sadarmat on river Godavari. It has icreased the food production in the area, leading to food security.

The great KomaramBheem fought against the oppression of rights of the tribals.This has brought geeat change in the attittude in the rulers.They have appointed Hymendwarf, a great sociologist to study the lives of tribals.The extensive studies has brought many facts in to the light.These recommendations have become torchbearers in dealing with the tribal communities in other parts of British India.

On the otherhand, komaramBheem has become a god to all the tribals. He is seen as the pioneer to the telangana activists.His birth anniversary attracts many people from different parts of country.

http://yellapucharitha.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_17.html

http://www.nativeplanet.com/adilabad/

http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Adilabad_district

Khammam History

The present name of Khammam is derived its name after a local hill, which was called as 'Stambhadri'. The town was called with different names starting with Stambhadri, Kambhadri, Kambham mettu, Khammam mettu and then finally as Khammam.

700 BC - 300 BC : Assaka/Asmaka/Ashmaka (The 16 Mahajanapadas)

300 BC - 185 BC : Mauryan Empire

230 BC – 220 AD : Satavahanas ( Were vassals of Mauryan Empire)

220 AD - 250 AD : Ikshvakas of Vijayapuri

Nelakondapally : Excavation on the mound called Bairagi- gadda and exposed four irregular brick-walls plastered with lime. The digging yielded three copper coins issued by Vishnukundin kings and lead coins bearing elephant symbols which may be ascribed to Ikshvaku period. Nine mutilated sculptures recovered earlier from the site by the villagers, were shifted to State Museum at Vijayawada.

250 AD - 500 AD : Vakataka Dynasty

500 AD - 543 AD : Vishnukundins

Nelakondapally : Excavation on the mound called Bairagi- gadda and exposed four irregular brick-walls plastered with lime. The digging yielded three copper coins issued by Vishnukundin kings

543 AD - 753 AD : Badami Chalukyas

750 AD to 1323 AD : Kakatiyas ruled as vassals to Rashrakuta Dynasty from 753 AD - 982 AD and Western Chalukyas (Kalyani Chalukyas) from 982 AD to 1158 with Kakatipura, Anumakonda (Hanumkonda), Orugallu (Warangal) as there capitals.
Polavasa chiefs were based immediately north of the Kakatiya territories. They ruled over most of Karimnagar district and the northern part of Warangal district from their capital at Polavasa, which is the modern-day Polas in Jagtial taluk.

1116 AD - 1158 AD : Prolla II Brother of Durgaraja. Son of Beta II
4th March, A.D.1120 : Materu, Khammamet (Khammam) District.
The Telugu inscription is on a stone in front of the Gopalaswamy temple and records the gift of lands for offerings etc., to the temples of Mahadeva, Vinayaka and Kesavadeva, consecrated by Mahasamanta Vemabola Boddama-Mallenayaka, the servant (bantu) of Mahamandalesvara Kakatiya Prolaraja on Vaddvaru su 3, of Chaitra in the year Sarvari,corresponding to the Saka year 1042= Thursday 4 March A.D. 1120.

1310 : Malik Kafur general of Delhi Sultanate Alauddin Khilji defeated Prataprudra II and was forced to pay annual tribute to Delhi. It was probably at this time that the Koh-i-Noor diamond passed from Kakatiya ownership to that of Alauddin, along with 20,000 horses and 100 elephants1323 : Ulug Khan son of Ghiyasuddin Toughly captured Warangal from Parataparudra II.

1323 AD - 1336 AD : Tughlaq DynastyMusunuri Nayakas : In 1336 Kapaya Nayaka took control of Warangal from Malik Maqbul

1325 AD – 1350 AD : Musunuri NayaksThe fall of Kakatiya kingdom and its annexation to the Tughlak empire made the Hindu feudatories to unite themselves to liberate the Telugu country from alien rulers. A movement was started at Rekapalli on the bank of the Godavari under the leadership of Musunuri Prolaya Nayaka and his cousin Kapaya Nayaka and succeeded in driving away the Muslims from the Telugu country in A.D.1328. Kapaya Nayaka became the ruler in A.D.1333, after the demise of Prolaya Nayaka, and Warangal was once again the capital of the Telugu Country. 1350 : Bahman Shah led his first campaign against Warangal and forced its ruler Kapaya Nayaka to cede to him the fortress.

1350 AD – 1518 AD : Bahmani Sultanate
1463 : Sultan Mohammad Shah Bahmani dispatched Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk to the Telangana region to quell disturbances. Sultan Quli quelled the disturbance and was rewarded as the administrator of the region.
1512 : He defeated Shitab Khan to capture Khammam fort.
1518 : Sultan Quli Qutb-ul-Mulk declared Independence

1503 AD - 1512 AD: Sitapati Raju (known as Shitab Khan) ruled from Rachakonda(Nalgonda), Warangal and Khammam forts.

1509 AD - 1529 AD : Vijayanagara Empire (Tuluva dynasty) - Krishna Deva Raya Rule
4th May, A.D. 1516 : Nelakondapalli, Khammamet taluk
The following inscription is on three sides of a pillar now planted in the compound of the local library at Nelakondapalli. It is in Telugu prose and records the grant of land to some shrines in Kondapalli, on the orders of Kondamarusayya, who ruled in this region as governor in the reign of Krsna-deva-raya of Vijayanagara.

The actual reconquest by the Gajapati king is proved by the fact that this region was in his Kingdom at the time of Krsna-deva-raya's invasion. Nalagonda (modern Nalgonda), Khammamet. and Khandikonda (Mabbababad district), are referred to among others, important places in the Gajapati kingdom which Krsna-deva-raya captured.

1518 AD – 1687 AD : Qutbshahis / Golconda Sultanate

After krishnadevaraya this area came under the rule of golconda qutubshahis.abdul hasan tanisha was the last ruler whose employee was kancharla gopanna whose name was known as bhadrachala ramadas.Ministers akkana,madanna were from warangal.1636 : Shah Jahan forced the Qutb Shahis to recognize Mughal suzerainty, which lasted until 1687 when the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb conquered the Golcondan sultanate.

1687 AD - 1724 AD : Mughal Empire

Dacha Nayaka
Jallepalle, Khammam District.
This inscription is on the rocky outcrop by the side of the tank. Refers to the rule of Dachayamnayani over Andhradesa including Jallipalli. Also mention the name Pratigamda Bayaravumda. In characters of the 15th-16th century A.D.

This inscription is on a rock by the side of the tank on the hill. Refers to the prosperous reign of Pratigandabhairava Dachanayaka, who is stated to be ruling over the Andhradesa from Jallipalli.

1713 AD : Mir Qamaruddin Siddiqi was appointed governor by the Mughals.
1724 AD : Mir Qamaruddin Siddiqi was granted the control of Hyderabad by the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah after defeating the rival from Maratha Empire.

1724 AD - 1948 AD : Asaf Jahis
1798 : Hyderabad became the first Indian royal state to accede to British protection under the policy of Subsidiary Alliance instituted by Arthur Wellesley.
1946 - 1951 : Telangana Rebellion
Aug 15, 1947 : Indian Independence from British. Osman Ali Khan ASAF Jahi VII chose to remain independent.
Sep 17, 1948 : Operation Polo, was a military operation ordered by then Indian Home Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel on Sep 13 1948 in which the Indian Armed Forces invaded the State of Hyderabad and overthrew its Nizam on Sep 17 1948, integrating Hyderabad in to India.

Sep 17, 1948 - Oct 31, 1956 : Hyderabad State, India.

Sep 17 1948 - Dec 31 1949 : Major General J. N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo stayed on as Military Governor.
26 January 1950 - 31 October 1956 : Last Nizam, Osman Ali Khan ASAF Jahi VII as Rajpramukh. Rajpramukh was an administrative title in India which existed from India's independence in 1947 until 1956. Rajpramukhs were the appointed governors of certain of India's provinces and states.
26 Jan, 1950 - 6 March, 1952 : M. K. Vellodi was Chief Minister of the state appointed by Government of India.
6 March, 1952 - 31 October 1956 : In the 1952 Legislative Assembly election, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State.

1953 : Khammam City, which was the seat of Taluk Administration, was part of the larger Warangal District, until 1 October 1953. Five taluks of the Warangal district viz., Khammam, Madhira, Yellandu, Burgampadu and Paloncha (now Kothagudem) were carved out and a new district Khammam with Khammam as District Headquarters.

1 November, 1956 - 1 June, 2014 : Andhra Pradesh State, India Andhra State and Telangana region of Hyderabad State were merged to form Andhra Pradesh State, India.

1959 : Bhadrachalam Revenue Division consisting Bhadrachalam and Nuguru Venkatapuram Taluks of East Godawari district, which were on the other side of the river Godavari were merged into Khammam on grounds of geographical contiguity and administrative viability.

2 June, 2014 : Telangana, India.

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